陆柬之《文赋》透露出深厚的《兰亭》根底
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作品赏析
《陆柬之文赋》,该作品墨迹的章法和气韵,更多的是学习王羲之的。全书144行,1658字,字体以正、行为主,间参草字,虽三体并用,但上下照应,左右顾盼,配合默契,浑然天成。笔致圆润而少露锋芒,表现出平和简静的意境。笔法飘纵,无滞无碍,超逸神俊,深得晋人韵味,从中透露出深厚的《兰亭》根底。
元代书法家揭溪斯曾评论此帖说:“右陆柬之之行书《文赋》一卷,唐人法书结体遒劲有晋人风格者,惟见此卷耳。虽若隋僧智永,犹恨妩媚太多、齐整太过也。独于此卷为之三叹。”元赵孟頫评价更高,曰:“右唐陆柬之行书文赋真迹,唐初善书者称欧虞褚薛,以书法论之,岂在四子下耶。然世罕有其迹,故知之者希耳”(赵孟頫《文赋》跋)。赵孟頫曾临学此帖,从中领悟晋人笔法和结体,受益匪浅。孙承泽在给《文赋》墨迹所写的跋文上说:“赵文敏(孟頫)晚年书法全从此(指《文赋》)得力,人鲜见司谏(指陆柬之)书,遂不知文敏所自来耳”。
陆柬之,唐代吴县人。虞世南甥。官至朝散大夫、太子司议郎、崇文侍书学士。书法早年学其舅,晚学“二王”,“落笔浑成,耻为飘扬绮靡之风,”故有“晚擅出蓝之誉”。时与虞、欧、褚称为初唐书坛“四子”。传世书迹以《五言兰亭诗》刻帖与《书陆机文赋》墨迹为最着。张怀瓘《书断》评其书曰:“晚习二王,尤尚其古。中年之迹,犹有怯懦,总章以后,乃备筋骨,殊矜质朴,耻夫纤靡,故欲暴露瑕疵,虽为时鄙。”又说:“至于兴会,则穹理造微。然工于仿效,劣于独断。”他的书法遗迹传世甚少,现在已经难窥全貌了。但元代欧阳玄的一段话值得我们玩味。欧阳玄说:“李公(李倜)谓其书态不同,此正柬之(陆柬之)妙处,近代米元章(米芾)书矫亢跌宕,世咸称其自创一法,乃不知其全学柬之《头陀寺碑》耳,元章秘而不言,以陆书少传于世也。”这段话是说米芾的书风,并不是他自己独创的,而全是从陆柬之书写的《头陀寺碑》中学到的,只是因为陆柬之留下的手迹很稀少,别人难以看到,所以米芾也就秘而不宣了。这说明陆柬之的书风除了《文赋》外,还有属“矮亢跌宕”的一路。
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