Origin of Mitochondria, The Little Engine That Climbed the Mountain of Evolution" 36,860 viewsJul 20, 2016

Origin of Mitochondria, The Little Engine That Climbed the Mountain of Evolution" 36,860 viewsJul 20, 2016 Case Western Reserve University 23.7K subscribers Title: "Origin of Mitochondria, The Little Engine That Climbed the Mountain of Evolution" Speaker: Joe C. LaManna, PhD Date: 4/19/16 Chapters Biogeologic Clock 1:29 Basic Ingredients for Life 2:54 When did life begin? 3:35 Volcano Gases 5:59 Primordial Atmosphere 6:29 Origin of Life: Leading hypotheses 7:47 155 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... xsd xsd 3 years ago This is by far the best lecture I have heard on this subject. Simple and easy to grasp by the layman. Thank you proffesor. 10 joe schmo joe schmo 5 years ago That was an excellent talk. Congratulations Joe LaManna. 13 Luke Schneider Luke Schneider 1 year ago Great video ! Thanks for posting ! Question.....how does ATP leave the mitochondria ? What transports it out so it can be used in the cytoplasm , for example ? 1 Rudolph Dan Rudolph Dan 3 years ago To sum it up, mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell 26 Roger Scott Cathey Roger Scott Cathey 2 years ago Lehninger's Principles was one of my favorite texts. Zangetsu Zangetsu 3 years ago there is often severe muscle wasting in people with cancer. one theory is called: Nuclear Meltdown, and it concerns mitochondria degradation. Michael Wiggs and his crew made a mouse model with implanted cancer cells and monitored the health of the mouse and many indications for four weeks, which is when the mice would be euthanized so they didn't die from the cancer. many of the indicators they monitored did NOT show a steady degradation, but instead would show minor degradation for the first three weeks, and then a LOT of degradation in the fourth week, and the mouse would be near death. But, when they monitored mitochondrial function, they noticed it degraded in a stepping stone fashion. this indicates that mitochondria show early changes we can investigate to see if we can intervene in the degradation process before severe muscle loss becomes deadly. 3 joe schmo joe schmo 5 years ago Whoa, this is the best illustration and explanation of the electron transport chain...41:53...I've ever seen or heard. 2 T.C.S. T.C.S. 1 year ago Thank you. Very interesting. joe schmo joe schmo 5 years ago (edited) Eukaryote = nucleus mitochondria converts ADP to ATP? Ah, it's all explained after 41 minutes, a hydrogen concentration gradient (between outer/inner membrane space and the matrix) creates the conversion. Amazing. 4 D1craigRob D1craigRob 5 months ago mitochondria evolves into midichlorians, sometimes mistaken for the x-gene, giving humans superhuman powers. Robert Lunn Robert Lunn 2 weeks ago Is it impossible to get these folks with this knowledge to get better at presenting? I’ve head nothing but pounding from his hand waving. Important stuff which one has to pay attention to understand and they’re throwing in distractions. I know , I know, it’s “ get off my lawn stuff but please Marty Lawrence Marty Lawrence 2 months ago There are FIVE information codes in every cell, aside from blood cells. The five are the DNA code, the mtDNA code, the epigenome code, the 'sugar' code that lines the surface of every cell, and the lipid code making up cell membranes. All these had to work in unison. The makeup of these for life are mathematical impossibilities-by-chance. To say the ribosome sums up evolution is ludicrous. That is defined as a 10^50 or more. It's far too complex without outside intelligence to make it happen. On top of this, the Intelligent Designer is a master chemist with 65 different hormones in the human body. We are a creation.. Not an evolution. Mis-expression of the genes or the sequence of the mtDNA causes diseases. In healthy people it is finely tuned. This fits the intelligent design paradigm. 1 Patriot Joe Patriot Joe 9 months ago Great video! 1 JOSE SALAZAR JOSE SALAZAR 1 year ago 36:00 We need a lot of "faith" to belive that this is really possible!! 3 Mizuha Joto Mizuha Joto 5 years ago We need Terahertz wave. BL1 BL1 5 years ago (edited) I don't want to sound mean but this speaker would benefit from some public speaking training. He has a maddening speaking style that alternates between halting, half sentences filled with lots of ums and ahs, followed by bursts of technical jargon, followed by more half sentences. There's often just too much detail when a simpler explanation would suffice. It often felt like the proverbial guy explaining how a watch is constructed in response to the question "what time is it?". I was able to follow along only because I'm already familiar with most of the subjects discussed here. 3 JonFrumTheFirst JonFrumTheFirst 3 years ago The Greys inserted mitochondria into a cell to start the process. The process led to us. It's called seeding, and they've done it across the galaxy. Even the greys can't move among galaxies, but no doubt someone else is doing the same thind elsewhere. A3Kr0n A3Kr0n 6 months ago I love these videos, but it bothers me that you zoom in on single people in the audience. 1 Stephen King Stephen King 6 months ago this presentation shows various theories on the origin of life but ignores the most obvious one: God. Such presentations are often presented as being objective, but they fall squarely into a faith system that denies or ignores God as a valid hypothesis. 3 a a a a 4 months ago Brilliant YakSak YakSak 3 months ago (edited) But what is the chemical reaction or process that produced FIRST lifeform, whatever that may be? How does something go from non-life to life? 2 VIRAT Singh VIRAT Singh 5 years ago if mitochondria came from bacteria then why it is not infectious,what if it goes out of control and start replicating. 1 Daniel Fahrenheit Daniel Fahrenheit 2 years ago I don't know how I really got here either C James C James 4 years ago 42:27 It's a Trap 1 Icen Arsin Icen Arsin 1 year ago Please stop those unnecessary shots of the audience watching... Adds nothing to story and subtracts feom time we can see the presentation. 3 JOSE SALAZAR JOSE SALAZAR 1 year ago 3:27 What about INFORMATION? 1 TheDudeKicker TheDudeKicker 5 years ago Can someone talk to the bald guy with the blue shirt and tell him to listen to the lecture. His questions are distracting and non-relevant. And.... he keeps coming to all these lectures. 2 Platzhirsch Platzhirsch 11 months ago lets then take a more advanced look at photosynthesis so that we may understand weather life without design is likely: How many people realise today that we cant reproduce the process of photosynthesis today, despite all our computers and labouratories? We cant reproduce it, thats how complex the biochemistry is. Why and how would evolution go about trying to produce a protein for binding pigment molecules before pigment molecules existed? If chlorophyll evolved before the antenna proteins that bind it, it would in all likelihood destroy the cell, so the proteins had to evolve first. But natural selection could not favour a ‘newly evolved’ protein which could bind chlorophyll and other pigment molecules before those crucial pigments had themselves come into existence! Each binding site must be engineered to bind chlorophyll a or chlorophyll b only or carotene only. The carotene molecules must be present in just the right places for quenching triplet states in the chlorophylls. Even if the pigment molecules were already around, producing just the right protein would be an extremely difficult task. It would not only have to bind pigment molecules only, but it would need to bind just the right pigments in just the right places in just the right orientation so that energy could be transferred perfectly between them, with a little lower energy at each step. Anything else would do nothing, or would transfer energy at random, and the complex would accomplish nothing at best and burn up the cell at worst. And there is another problem for evolution. The insertion of the pigment molecules changes the conformation of the apoprotein from about 20% to about 60% α-helical content.45 So evolution would have to produce a protein with a wrong shape that would assume just the right shape by the insertion of pigment molecules in just the right positions and orientations when those pigment molecules had not yet evolved. The energy transfer timeframe between pigment molecules in the antenna complex is between 10-15 and 10-9 seconds. The system that God engineered captures 95–99% of the photon energy for photochemistry, even though there are four other ways the energy can be lost during the slightly less than a billionth of a second the system has for capturing it.46 Humans certainly cannot begin to design systems with such efficiency, but the evolutionists are determined that chance, what Cairns-Smith47 calls ‘old fumble fingers’, can. Our understanding of the assembly of apoproteins with their pigments is very poor, but we do know that the chloroplast encoded chlorophyll a binding proteins of PSI and PSII core complexes are inserted cotranslationally into the thylakoid. Protein intermediates of the D1 protein have been observed due to ribosome pausing. It may be that this ribosome pausing permits cotranslational binding of chlorophyll a to the protein. This kind of controlled insertion, with synthesis of otherwise phototoxic material, is precisely what we would expect from intelligent planning and forethought, but how might ‘old fumble fingers’47 hit on such a scheme? All of the parts must be shipped to the right location, and all must be the right size and shape, down to the very tiniest detail. ATP synthase is an irreducibly complex motor—a proton-driven motor divided into rotor and stator portions as described and illustrated earlier in this paper. Protons can flow freely through the CF0 complex without the CF1 complex, so that if it evolved first, a pH gradient could not have been established within the thylakoids. The δ and critical χ protein subunits of the CF1 complex are synthesized in the cytosol and imported into the chloroplast in everything from Chlorella to Eugenia in the plant kingdom. All of the parts must be shipped to the right location, and all must be the right size and shape, down to the very tiniest detail. Using a factory assembly line as an analogy, after all the otherwise useless and meaningless parts have been manufactured in different locations and shipped in to a central location, they are then assembled, and, if all goes as intended, they fit together perfectly to produce something useful. But the whole process has been carefully designed to function in that way. The whole complex must be manufactured and assembled in just one certain way, or nothing works at all. Since nothing works until everything works, there is no series of intermediates that natural selection could have followed gently up the back slope of mount impossible. The little proton-driven motor known as ATP synthase consists of eight different subunits, totalling more than 20 polypeptide* chains, and is an order of magnitude smaller than the bacterial flagellar motor, which is equally impossible for evolutionists to explain. Evolution cannot account for the assembly and activation of rubisco. All attempts to reconstitute a 16-unit rubisco from any source have failed, so the assembly of rubisco must be studied in the chloroplast extracts. The eight large (L) subunits of rubisco are coded by the chloroplast DNA, and the eight small (S) subunits by nuclear DNA. The S subunit of rubisco is synthesized on free cytosolic polyribosomes* and maintained even during synthesis in an unfolded state by chaperones* of the Hsp70 class and their protein partners. When the small unit is brought to the import complex of the chloroplast, the fourteen-polypeptide chloroplast Cpn60 chaperonin protein associates with IAP100 (protein) of the import complex and can also associate with mature imported small subunits. The chloroplast Cpn60 chaperone is similar to the E. coli GroEl protein. After the unfolded precursor protein enters the stromal space, it binds briefly to a stromal Hsp70 chaperone protein and the N terminal targeting sequence is cleaved. The large subunits of the rubisco enzyme are produced by the DNA and machinery of the chloroplast itself and stored complexed to a Cpn60 chaperonin.This chaperone protein keeps the large subunit protein from folding incorrectly, and therefore becoming useless, and is also necessary for the proper binding of the eight large subunits; without it they will form a useless clump. In many plants, the large subunits are chemically modified by specialized enzymes before they bind to the chaperonin protein. There is strong evidence that chloroplast Cpn60, Cpn21 and Hsp70 also participate in the assembly of the sixteen-unit rubisco complex. After a soluble L8 core is formed with the assistance of the chaperonin proteins, tetramers (four-part complexes) of small subunits bind to the top and bottom of the complex to form the complete enzyme. There are almost certainly other chaperones and chaperone-like polypeptides or lipo-proteins involved that are not yet characterized but i cant write a textbook here. How do evolutionists explain how natural selection would have favoured a protein complex the function of which was to prevent a still-useless rubisco small subunit from folding outside the chloroplast? Before it evolved a way to get the protein inside, there would be no benefit from keeping it unfolded outside. How could blind chance ‘know’ it needed to cause large subunit polypeptides to fold ‘correctly’ and to keep them from clumping? It could not ‘anticipate’ the ‘correct’ conformation before the protein became useful. And evolution would need to be clever indeed to chemically modify something not yet useful so that it could be folded ‘correctly’ when even the ‘correctly’ folded polypeptide would not yet become useful. 3 Jess Lyn Jess Lyn 1 year ago #AwarenessConsciousness Deborah Dean Deborah Dean 6 months ago All in all, this lecture doesnt say anything new. I learned all this 50 years ago. Its basic cell biology. Astra Zenica Astra Zenica 1 year ago Why can't we recreate it in a test tube then, should be easy 1 Caroline Mulenga Caroline Mulenga 5 months ago I'm sorry....is this man not prepared and familiar with the subject of the lecture? I cannot listen to another err, ah, ah err peppered between every few words. If you cannot articulate, don't speak publicly! JOSE SALAZAR JOSE SALAZAR 1 year ago 16:35 This claim IS not prove at all? T N T N 1 year ago (edited) Give me a break make rna in the lab and ill understand how mitrochondria was made 70 yrs after miller eury and nothing first stuff made first explain how rna is made or membrane not mitrochondria is the master piece of life its perfect in design how did lipids carbohydrates and nucleotides combine what is the mechanism we dont know good point on nitrogen combined effects combined effects 7 months ago The origin of life is the thumb in the face of lol these Darwinian fanatics - they can argue as much as they want that the two are not related - 1 JOSE SALAZAR JOSE SALAZAR 1 year ago 8:49 How about Inteligent Design? ID is prety much what we see in the astonishing complexity of Mithocondria, Ribosoms, DNA, and Life in general...Most of the "leading" hypotesis are only Garbage, Lies, Errors, Why mention them as "leading" in the first place? Mohammed Al-Shahri Mohammed Al-Shahri 9 months ago I don’t believe the Evaluation theory 1