Human Genetic Engineering

World Science Festival 1.05M subscribers It’s happened. The first children genetically engineered with the powerful DNA-editing tool called CRISPR-Cas9 have been born to a woman in China. Their altered genes will be passed to their children, and their children’s children. Join CRISPR’s co-discoverer, microbiologist Jennifer Doudna, as we explore the perils and the promise of this powerful technology. It is not the first time human ingenuity has created something capable of doing us great good and great harm. Are we up to the challenge of guiding how CRISPR will shape the future? PARTICIPANTS: Jennifer Doudna, Jamie Metzl, William Hurlbut MODERATOR: Guy McKhann MORE INFO ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND PARTICIPANTS: https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/... TOPICS 0:00 - Introduction 1:55 - Jennifer Doudna introduction 2:25 - How do we learn to use CRISPR technology wisely? 3:29 - The basics of understanding CRISPR 6:04 - Genetic engineering explainer film 7:39 - How can CRISPR help the worldwide food chain? 9:57 - Genetic disease treatment 14:25 - Improving quality of life 15:55 - Designer babies 17:55 - The gene drive 19:25 - Confronting the ethical implications of CRISPR 23:55 - Jennifer’s childhood in Hawaii 28:25 - Patents 32:08 - Importance of accuracy 32:40 - Germ cells vs somatic cells 35:58 - He Jiankui controversy 40:05 - What makes CRISPR dangerous? 43:48 - How do we enforce regulation of CRISPR use? 53:50 - The aftermath of He Jiankui’s work 1:09:25 - How do we make CRISPR technology accessible globally? 1:14:00 - How do we balance natural biology and CRISPR? 1:18:44 - How will CRISPR impact our future as a species? PROGRAM CREDITS - Produced by Nils Kongshaug - Associate Produced by Emmalina Glinskis - Music provided by APM - Additional images and footage provided by: Getty Images, Shutterstock, Videoblocks. - Recorded at the Simons Foundation's Gerald D. Fishbaum Auditorium The Kavli Prize recognizes scientists for their seminal advances in astrophysics, nanoscience, and neuroscience. The series, “The Big, the Small, and the Complex,” is sponsored by The Kavli Foundation. - SUBSCRIBE to our YouTube Channel and "ring the bell" for all the latest videos from WSF - VISIT our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com - LIKE us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/worldscience... - FOLLOW us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/WorldSciFest Chapters Introduction 0:00 Jennifer Doudna introduction 1:55 How do we learn to use CRISPR technology wisely? 2:25 The basics of understanding CRISPR 3:29 Genetic engineering explainer film 6:04 How can CRISPR help the worldwide food chain? 7:39 5,355 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... Michael Barry Michael Barry 2 years ago I notice the debate stuck mostly to the implications of human gene manipulation and only briefly touch on plants and animals which with much thinner ethical veils on both are the more immediate threat. Also the advances in analytical AI systems could greatly accelerate advances in genetic manipulation to the point of it spiraling well out of our control. 253 Gregory Barlow Gregory Barlow 9 months ago (edited) The content of the discussion covered so many ideals that masked the context, that was never brought up about "Funding" which holds direct control over whether any of the ideals she mentioned are remotely implemented or, more importantly, even considered. Most funding, in this strain of endeavor, tend to be closely funded by private means, once these types of potentials are discovered, to ensure the public does not benefit in the ways it is being explained here because in America, the medical community is restricted from exposing, or discussing "Cures" unless they are strictly related to bad breath, foot and armpit fungus or other extremely minor inflictions that are more about discomfort than life threatening parameters. Besides, it's paramount to mention that most private sources of funding able to maintain private control over these technologies and discoveries are headed by folks who have already publicly declared their disgust or concerns about "Overpopulation" and overall global degradation by Man's polluting activities in their private opinions. This leads me to rely upon the lost art of critical thinking that discussions like these expose the possibilities but mask the true intent of Those Who Hold The Gold and essentially Make The Rules. In the end.... They must obtain the Public's approval to provide them with the reality of their own failures in understanding the difference between the Joy in the Speed of Discovery and the patience required to endure the Length of Clinical Trial. Check the release date on this video, before the pandemic and lockdowns 84 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Doudna says that over the course of her career she has seen increasing distrust of science. This interview is one example why. No real challenge to what scientists wish to do has been presented. Scientists are expert at developing knowledge. But they aren't in a position to objectively examine our relationship with knowledge. These two things are chronically confused, particularly by scientists. 54 Thomas Noeding Thomas Noeding 8 months ago How come any/all "NEW " scientific discoveries that claim to "BENEFIT" the human race NEVER end up beneficial to anyone other then a select few ? 106 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Doudna says we have to be "thoughtful and careful". We can not label Doudna herself as being thoughtful and careful until such time as she directly addresses the question of gene editing technology in the hands of those who will not be thoughtful and careful. Still watching, hope to see this addressed. 60 DeWildest DeWildest 11 months ago (edited) I am 35 years old and I feel healthier now than I did in my early 20's. See what happened was I gave up alchohol, increased my water and organic food intake, took up yoga and meditation. Now I don't get sick (like ever), and haven't been to a doctor in years. Our bodies are more capable than we could ever imagine. 562 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Let's watch closely to see if Doudna ever addresses the fact that science is also giving these tools to those who are not interested in ethical guidelines, nor committed to following any rules which may be established by bodies like the U.N. The most relevant question is, what kind of damage can this technology cause when in the hands of those whose sole purpose is to create damage? 114 Ismail ‘Nye’ Yusof Ismail ‘Nye’ Yusof 1 year ago I just came across this channel that I find extremely interesting. The discussion here is truly Earth shaking stuff as it potentially can impact the very evolutionary path of the whole of humankind. The genie has been released and we have to be careful about what will happen next. This is a far bigger genie than the one who brought forth the atomic bomb. 129 Deter Roose Deter Roose 9 months ago That this discussion is actually happening makes it clear to all that we are on the path to designer populations. There will be remarkable advances and there is also potential for unintended consequences. Currently gene editing is being used to manage the covid "outbreak", the results are being scrutinized and people are dying. 75 John Riser John Riser 1 year ago This woman comes off as infomercial host and cheerleader for The Who. 91 Normie Peasant Normie Peasant 2 years ago (edited) As with AI, I'm all for furthering these bleeding-edge technologies. Though, I do hope we soon have a better path for comprehensive mitigation against the risks than, "We need to be thoughtful...". Wonderful convo, all in all. Everyone seemed willing to be amicable enough and seemed to feel comfortable expressing their genuine thoughts and concerns. We definitely need more of this in the public sphere, if only to offset how horribly depressing the all-encompassing pressure of politics can be. 10 jestep9 jestep9 4 months ago I’d like to see this group of people discuss this today. After COVID it would be quite a different conversation. Especially when the subject of the lab leak comes up. I look around me and see all kinds of problems Created with Invasive ornamental plant species I can’t in Magine the complexity of this issue 5 kipling1957 kipling1957 2 years ago (edited) A fascinating, excellent and important discussion from multiple perspectives all of which are important. Bill Hurlbut was someone I particularly resonated with for highlighting the human cultural perspective, and felt he was brushed-off a little by the other two, but maybe that’s just me. 9 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Doudna says, "We invite participation by all those who will be affected by this technology in the future." Could someone please link us to an interview where Doudna dialogs with a committed critic of her work? 50 sishrac sishrac 1 year ago Well said by William Hurlbut @50:22: "We need a broad view of life, of nature {and} a reverend and respectful appreciation. John Muir said that when we try to pick out anything by itself we find it hitched to everything else in the universe." This radical fact is the truth upon which gene editing and the CRISPR programme ought to be disqualified and stopped. Just because one knows how to do something, doesn't give one the right to do it if it will have a domino effect on the intricate balance of life that one can't control! Then @51:09 he says, "We don't want to turn procreation into production, we don't want to radically alter the meaning of medicine, we don't want to create social problems in the process and we don't want to do ecological disturbances that are damaging to the setting in which we live. And to have a deep appreciation of who we are and where we've come from includes the fact that we are fine-tuned and complementary to an existing natural world and if we change that whole natural world so dramatically that we don't recognise our place in it, we'll be losers... even if we gain medically" These scientists and ethicists may not want to make overt changes themselves but their big bosses do. They're combining different technologies to bring about exactly what Hurlbut fears, to change what it means to be human! 76 bill herk bill herk 8 months ago 44:25- "and the scientists have done an incredibly great job of being responsible". Well, that is all I needed to hear. Press on, Dr. Frankenstein. 188 Black Opal Black Opal 1 year ago The hubris in believing one could improve on the human genome is unfathomable to me. Stopping a disease before it starts is one thing. Messing with lifespan, enhanced senses etc, you have to ignore the incredible diversity of human experience and the things that give rise to human perception, and basically believe that you know what life is all about and what's best for everyone else. i.e. believe you are akin to the Gods. 8 Coagulated Salts Coagulated Salts 10 months ago am studying to be a genetic engineer, and i truly believe that we should have heavy heavy restrictions on gene editing. it's too good to pass up, but there can be so much done that is wrong. i'd love to fix many issues using gene editing but only if it doesn't destroy ecosystem or changes humans for cosmetic purposes. 12 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Doudna says that gene editing is increasingly easy to do, but very hard to do well. In other words, lots of people will be doing gene editing, and doing it poorly. 46 Owen Oreilly Owen Oreilly 1 year ago You know what ,I can honestly say that I have a huge admiration and respect for the scientific mind's of our times but, my problem has, is and will always be pertaining the overuse and underproved perspective of hypothetical theories of all things universal. I'm still researching back and scratching my head trying to figure out , at what point did hypothesis suddenly merge into Fact...? The overreaching ponderings of the human mind is unknown, unproven and perverse within all creeds, ethnicities and cultural existence. The very journey of never-ending efforts of redefining of past Facts and enforcing re-education of humanity with the limitless fantasies of the few ,whom, themselves, fail to realise that they are woefully deceived in order to be so unrelenting in their bullshit! 9 Jason Morrow Jason Morrow 1 year ago When she mentioned the WHO right out the gate ,fear shot right through me. 610 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago The JK story reveals the threat. As is always true, there will be those who will follow the rules, and those who won't. While this has always been a normal part of human life, the phenomena of rule breaking takes on enormous significance in regards to powers of enormous scale. Robert Oppenheimer was, like Jennifer Doudna, a very intelligent person of good intentions. But Oppenheimer had no power to prevent gangsters like the North Korean dictatorship from accessing the awesome civilization ending technology that he developed. Oppenheimer came to fully grasp this reality of human life in time, and it came to haunt him. If you want to understand this technology, look to nuclear engineering. Nuclear energy is an important source of clean energy, arguably a very substantial benefit. But that's not going to matter once we have that one bad day with nuclear weapons. At the current time, there is no credible evidence that we have any idea at all of how to remove the existential threat posed by nuclear weapons. Gene editing is racing in to this same future. 16 Infinitum Neo Infinitum Neo 1 year ago The key element in gene editing is wise actions. We have the genes we have for good reason. There are profound dangers with unforeseen consequences if we act cavalier with these tools of science. We are in great danger if continue down this road as quickly as we are currently. We must think deeply about the consequences of our actions in science in general. 14 Thomas Voloshen Thomas Voloshen 7 months ago (edited) The genie is out of the lamp, actually millions. How could this go wrong? This isn't simply a matter of monitoring yellow cake, or having discussion. 3 Allan Antes Allan Antes 10 months ago It's interesting that she is credirted for the work when actually it was first discovered by a company that sells yeast cultures to the Yorgurt industry. The Owner bought a DNA machine to determine why some members of his cultures did not die when the rest of the culture did. WHO (World Health Organization) is a bought and sold organization, as opposed to a honest entity. Their honesty is in question! 12 2S1L3NT 2S1L3NT 10 months ago 40:00 this guy is clearly more excited about how this can benefit his life personally and elevate his standing in society, than the ethics of this technology. And the Chinese have demonstrated time and time again, that ethics are severely lacking in their forward progression, and hunger for power. 30 Rachel Cochran Rachel Cochran 3 months ago I find it interesting that the SARS cov 2 💉 has crispr “cas 9” as the tool that helps insert the spike protein 🤔 6 Dean Metcalfe Dean Metcalfe 1 year ago Autonomous a.i. + quantum computing + human genetic engineering = unimaginable future 64 Stephen Dahlem Stephen Dahlem 2 years ago We humans still classify a large portion of our genome as being “junk DNA.” Just because we found a pair of scissors and some crazy glue does not mean we are ready to make “improvements” to mama’s new Sunday dress! 481 Krishna Thyagarajan Krishna Thyagarajan 9 months ago Thanks to the moderator and all the 3 participants for this fantastic debate covering all the sides. I am going to rewind and watch all over. 3 Lg Hammer Lg Hammer 1 year ago Thank you for posting this, that was a wonderful look into what is CRISPR-Cas9 and genomic editing, I learned lots and appreciated the discussions that you all shared 27 stagename2 stagename2 9 months ago This is sci-fi horror at its best. Nice knowing you guys. 121 Kevin Barker Kevin Barker 1 year ago The World Health Organization Is favored by this woman. That easily tells us humans who's side she is on. Her own. 64 Jiwon Kim Jiwon Kim 2 years ago (edited) All of them are so well spoken 👏🏻 very nice and informative session. Understanding the difference between semantic and germ editing let alone how much of genetic diseases we can cure from sensibly conducting lab was immensely impactful personally. 14 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Doudna does not wish to see an open conversation on gene editing shut down. As best I can tell, it's already been shut down. Doudna appears to define open conversation as exchanges with her fellow scientists, those with a built in profit based bias for the "more is better" relationship with knowledge which is the unquestioned holy dogma of their enterprise. She does also speak with journalists, but so far all I've seen as softball puff pieces which typically focus on the "scientist as hero" storyline. 14 Erica ❤️‘s Erica ❤️‘s 10 months ago Did she just say they can deliver it through a virus into the human body? I feel like I’m living in the twilight zone! 10 Danita Miner Danita Miner 11 months ago At the age of 42 in 2011 I took an intro to bio class and as a supplemental source watched Jennifer's bioA & B free webcast from Berkeley . Thank you so much Jennifer & all , i haven't stopped studying / educating. 🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰 3 Jason Whittle Jason Whittle 9 months ago There is one aspect of this conversation that I find naive; the idea that we will EVER come to a consensus on using CRISPR in humans. 9 51akk 51akk 1 year ago (edited) Just because the ability to make such complex changes in Genes (i.e. super armies & designer babies) seems far away, doesn't mean we shouldn't tackle the ELSI it entangles. Progress in this field will be expedited by the continuous standardization of whole and part genomes via A.I. & quantum computers. 9 Alex Ford Alex Ford 1 year ago Some will claim that this man is a villain. I can only speak for myself. He is a pioneer. There may not be enough credit for his success as there is the idea that he did not go through the permissions and peer efforts in science to make what he did, OK. To some extent HIV in and of itself splits people into camps based upon their beliefs. From around the world, there may be many dire predictions and this man may be reviled. Perhaps a system should be set up for the evolution of gene editing, including Crisper. 15 years from now, this man's vision and what he did may look a lot different than some people are now saying. AF 1 iamthewelcher iamthewelcher 1 year ago Love how right out the gates, she thinks this should be in the hands of the WHO & the UN !!! Uhh Ok 186 Robert Half Robert Half 1 year ago (edited) Note the broad search for a responsible overseer and the total lack of anyone to possess both the power and the moral standing to be the master of this technology's use. Nothing stands in the way of massive abuses. In fact, the high education of this woman has done nothing to bring her to the Cardinal Virtue of humility, rather to embrace the Cardinal Sin of Pride, and, as we all know, pride goeth before the Fall. 3 Muthu Kumaran Lekshmanan Muthu Kumaran Lekshmanan 1 year ago What a wonderful discussion between these amazing folks anchored so perfectly by the anchor 👌 18 M T M T 5 months ago You're unique human being, there has never been another you, and never will. Your DNA has the God code. No one or thing can or will ever be able to duplicate or replicate the miracle, that is YOU! Let us celebrate Life as it was given . God bless 🙏 4 Mr Tom Hol Mr Tom Hol 7 months ago Transparency in the science is very important. This is why, here is my request: Please list all (prescribed or not prescribed) medication, which guest absorbed, during the day of this recording (prior or after). Such data may be required in AI modelling. Pauline Tayloe Pauline Tayloe 8 months ago (edited) Do you think genetic modification can ever be available to the public like in Europe, uk in Scotland and England? Or just USA? Do you think it ever could work on humans say like mainly the hose in there 20s and older? Marvin Mendez Marvin Mendez 1 year ago We can definitely change our genes and the next generation by eliminating harmful foods! 98 Jimbo Baggans Jimbo Baggans 1 year ago I just hope that this technology doesn't do any harm. This knowledge is out in the world right now. That is pretty scary. 10 PEMF-Devices.com PEMF-Devices.com 1 year ago Great work as usual, thank you! 1 messenger messenger 9 months ago Romans 1:22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, 319 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Doudna wishes to invite a more open discussion. Ok, sounds great. But where are the critics of gene editing on this panel? If anyone can link to an interview where Doudna and other scientists squarely face their critics face to face, please share. Thanks. 38 Calcifur66andwhyyoudwanttolivehere.. Calcifur66andwhyyoudwanttolivehere.. 5 months ago While I agree that the misuse of this technology is not only plausible but extremely likely, I believe that it's potential to completely revolutionize medicine, food production and all the way to space travel far outweighs the risk. 1 xander james xander james 1 year ago The most fun thing to tinker and toy with because the commodification of people is fantastically futuristic. I'm sure the scientists are very proud to have discovered this very important, desperately needed genome scalpel. 3 Alpha Bravo Alpha Bravo 1 year ago (edited) We know how history goes every time humanity wants to play God. 320 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Listen to the very end of the video. Doudna expresses a very common refrain of science culture, that if only scientists would do a better job of explaining their work, we the public would come to understand, and see that they are right in what they're doing, and would accept their leadership. Note how she doesn't say that if scientists did a better job of dialoging with the non-elite public scientists might be able to learn something from the public. She's not being snotty or anything, she apparently just sincerely doesn't recognize such learning as a possibility. 4 Just watchin everything. Just watchin everything. 11 months ago Possibly, getting rid of muscular dystrophy might just cause it to go the other way and have people with skeletal strength far beyond what is known today. Removing the gene that causes dwarfism might just create very tall people as in the days of old. Eliminate aging, we might not die. 5 Michael N/A Michael N/A 2 years ago even though i could not do germ-line editing myself, i do have respect for the doctor that performed the experiment. As a result of their birth, it is imperative that it is not treated out of the ordinary and that we establish cultural practices immediately, while providing backups, to prevent mutation, or so that evolution does not get too far out of hand and if there needs to be a reference to the randomized DNA patterns we developed over the generations. that must also be taken into account. this is huge, and we better deal with it immediately. 4 Jackie Margaret Jackie Margaret 1 year ago Unfortunately a select few on our planet are ignorant of what makes us uniquely human ..ie the capacity to negotiate emotion and feeling and love for others ... the enormous potential we have to find expansion through a recognised soul life and into the 4th 5th dimension and beyond. These people are not creating and adapting, they are "forcing". 7 HotchiwawaChronicles HotchiwawaChronicles 1 year ago (edited) Interesting to see that video just before covid in 2020. Rem: there are also videos of CRISPR in 2016. 61 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Any power which can be used for benefit can also be used for harm. When the scale of a power becomes large enough, the harm contains the potential to bring down the society, thus erasing the benefit. 20 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Twenty five years from now Jennifer Doudna will, like Robert Oppenheimer before her, be looking back upon her well intended career with grave regrets. Like Oppenheimer, she seems far too intelligent to escape this fate. Like Oppenheimer, Doudna is not the villain here but instead, like the rest of us, a victim of a time and place which is unable to update it's relationship with knowledge at the same speed it can develop new knowledge. And so the gap between wisdom and power grows ever wider, at an ever accelerating pace. Twenty five years from now those far less intelligent than Doudna will still be grabbing for every bit of power that they can get in the pursuit of good and evil, and they will lead us towards solutions in the real world manner that human beings learn the inconvenient. Pain. 4 Otto Frank Otto Frank 2 years ago I am truly grateful for this beautiful and super interesting conversation! Please enlighten us further with other amazing topics like this one. 7 YESHUA is coming! YESHUA is coming! 10 months ago Pandora's box wide open and Klaus Schwab drooling 🤤 with excitement to compelling the World into hybridisation dystopia. 597 Edwin Niles Edwin Niles 8 months ago "Crisper" and" gain of function" is there a correlation ? Perhaps you need to take another thought considering the splitting of DNA. 6 Claire Huxtable Claire Huxtable 4 months ago (edited) No tool is inherently good or bad. Everything is two things, good and bad. It depends on how you use it. Balance is always the key. Humans have a terrible time with balance. We tend to live at extremes. I believe this new technology can do amazing things for planet earth. But humans will eventually go out of balance and let it destroy us instead of helping us. Stu Pidas Stu Pidas 9 months ago Rarely have i seen a panel have differing interests and points of view and find i learned from and agree with all of them. Usually there is always one member who most wish would just shut up, and one who deals only with one particular part of a larger topic who relates everything said to their "pet point" that gets old really quick. Put that together with a knowledgeable host who manages the time of each participant, adding to the conversation without dominating it, and you have one excellent discussion! Thanks to all for their intelligence, insight, and caring on a very important issue that will affect all of us and the world around us more and more as time goes on. 1 Nuke Ban Nuke Ban 1 year ago Half way through the video they are finally addressing the threat. The suggested remedy is international agreements and regulations. What about those who ignore regulations? 23 Allan Velasco Allan Velasco 2 years ago I think all the information about genes will be understood by machine learning very quick and we will be able to create unimaginably superior humans 2