Standard Model, The Most Successful Scientific Theory Ever

The Most Successful Scientific Theory Ever: The Standard Model 1,259,539 viewsJul 16, 2021 Quanta Magazine 486K subscribers The Standard Model of particle physics is the most successful scientific theory of all time. It describes how everything in the universe is made of 12 different types of matter particles, interacting with three forces, all bound together by a rather special particle called the Higgs boson. It’s the pinnacle of 400 years of science and gives the correct answer to hundreds of thousands of experiments. In this explainer, Cambridge University physicist David Tong recreates the model, piece by piece, to provide some intuition for how the fundamental building blocks of our universe fit together. At the end of the video, he also points out what’s missing from the model and what work is left to do in order to complete the Theory of Everything. **Correction: At 13'50", the photon should be included with the three fundamental forces. The animation here is incorrect, while the narration is correct. 2,054 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... Quanta Magazine Pinned by Quanta Magazine Quanta Magazine 9 months ago Read Quanta Magazine's full series on the overlaps of mathematics and physics at QuantaMagazine.org : https://www.quantamagazine.org/tag/math-meets-qft/ 248 Mathieu Gauthier Mathieu Gauthier 9 months ago The editing, the narration, everything about this video was great. 3.1K Quanta Magazine UIM Loki UIM Loki 9 months ago I've heard this topic explained maybe 10 times, but this time it actually made sense, great work! 1.4K Quanta Magazine Maurice Schilpp Maurice Schilpp 9 months ago This's by far the most interesting and scientific way to teach about the particles, I have ever seen. I mean I'm an engineer and mostly doing programming, but I like watching science and physics in my free time. That way it was described and animated shows clear knowledge in teaching something hard in easy ways. I will definitely subscribe! Thanks and keep up with this work! 220 Alacaster Soi Alacaster Soi 9 months ago Beings living in dark matter clusters: Why the heck is 5% of the universe missing? 2.3K hinxlinx 軒林 hinxlinx 軒林 1 month ago (edited) 04:01 Three Matter Particles 04:44 Neutrino 05:23 Further Copies 05:40 Muon & Tau 05:59 Variations of Quarks 06:12 Muon Neutrino & Tau Neutrino 06:49 Collection of Particles 07:50 The Forces 08:08 Force Associated Particles 08:34 Electromagnetism 08:55 Electric Field 09:17 The Strong Force 10:38 The Weak Force 12:04 Higgs Boson 51 Spook Spook 9 months ago Sir, I have never had a clearer understanding of how everything fits so beautifully together till I saw your amazing Video Explanation. I wish they taught like this in schools. Reading it in a physics book doesn't do justice at all!! 344 Quanta Magazine Văn Dũng Lê Văn Dũng Lê 9 months ago (edited) Wow, it's David Tong himself. He has a really easy to aproach lecture note on Quantum Field Theory that I appreciate a lot. 573 Quanta Magazine Mickael Bergeron Neron Mickael Bergeron Neron 9 months ago Wow. I heard quarks, bosons, fermions, etc. so many times in other videos, but it's the first time I see it explained so well and for once I feel I get a fair high level picture of what they do. 43 Quanta Magazine msquareddd msquareddd 8 months ago AHHHHH THIS IS SUCH A MASTERPIECE!!! The way things have been explained is so beginner friendly! Definitely an easy way to get to know and remember all the particles. Everything is so well thought of and it’s so put together. Watching this gives me tingles down my spine. Such a good watch 🥲💕 36 Mojtaba Hakimi Mojtaba Hakimi 9 months ago This is a masterpiece. Worthy of a 10 minute standing ovation. Bravo. Bravo. 247 Quanta Magazine Aastha Thakur Aastha Thakur 8 months ago I got much more interested in studying about the elementary particles and forces after viewing this video. Loved it,its really incredible. 6 Mark E Mark E 2 months ago I'm so thankful that you explained the standard model so well. I can't think of a better way to start my day! 4 Daniel and Daphne Huang Daniel and Daphne Huang 9 months ago This is one of the best videos that provides a clear picture of the Standard Model of particle physics. Thank you, David Tong! 274 Quanta Magazine 061banyon 061banyon 5 months ago This was an excellent summary of the standard model. Clarified some things for me as a high school physics teacher. Much appreciated. Just one question: why not include the antiparticles? 7 ARCIS ARCIS 8 months ago I have watched over 30 videos discussing these particles but this was the only one that left me with a crystal clear understanding. Great work right here! 15 Maurizio Marcon Maurizio Marcon 9 months ago Beautiful and clear explanation. David's passion is evident and contagious. Fantastic video, please keep up like this! 3 neelum ijaz neelum ijaz 7 months ago Thank u so much for such a comprehensive yet easy explanation of the standard model..lots of respect 4 Hawthorne Hill Nature Preserve Hawthorne Hill Nature Preserve 9 months ago This was an outstanding video! So well presented and edited. It was one of the most thorough and easy to understand than any other video out there on the Standard Model. Thank you 🙏 3 Quanta Magazine Mickey Mickey 9 months ago Great job of the visuals on this video, they are both aesthetically pleasing and lend clarity to the ideas discussed. You've illuminated something this dumb artist has been wondering about since high school physics class. 70 Quanta Magazine . . 9 months ago Insane to think I watched this for free. Thank you all for putting out such amazing content. 83 Quanta Magazine Kanishk Raghuvanshi Kanishk Raghuvanshi 8 months ago (edited) Thank you David. I appreciate your efforts in putting things forward in a concise, easier-to-understand manner. 3 Martin Davies Martin Davies 9 months ago Thank you. The clearest and most helpful introduction I've found on this topic. 4 Quanta Magazine Mithun Vasudevan Mithun Vasudevan 9 months ago This video is, hands down, the best one you can ever have. It was explained in such a beautiful manner. Hats off to the creator!!!! 4 Quanta Magazine Cameron's Scotland Cameron's Scotland 7 months ago Great presentation, great content. I first watched David back in 2017, when he gave a presentation on Quantum Fields: The Real Building Blocks of the Universe. This was first class! 2 Dave Sutherland Dave Sutherland 9 months ago This is one of the best overviews I have come across to describe the standard model. Don Lincoln’s series at Fermi lab is very good at describing the individual particles and forces, but he never puts it all together this well. 78 Quanta Magazine Graham S Graham S 9 months ago Well done. You could teach this in schools, right at the point when atoms are introduced and everyone would get it. 113 Quanta Magazine Deepya A Deepya A 9 months ago Excellent! Thank you so much for making such a good video so that we could watch it for free! The narration, the animations, the background music, the editing , everything is perfect! 8 Quanta Magazine Jacobwo4 Jacobwo4 9 months ago I've been trying to get into theoretical physics for a while now, and this is the first video I've seen that really puts it in a way that I can understand 5 Zakir Ali Khan Zakir Ali Khan 2 months ago (edited) The most momentarily PRECISE explanation of "The Theory of EVERYTHING" I'd watched till the date.(Sir ! Thank you so much for the researchs and your efforts & to make the world educate about the importance of Physics.) 2 Nebster Nebster 8 months ago I love this video! This was such a clear explanation. I've seen this explanation many times but this is the first time it made this much sense. Thank you <3 2 Barniboy Barniboy 8 months ago Thank you indeed for this excellent presentation ! Although I am not into physics, a sense of rest and reassurance swept thru me during this lecture. 2 TheCrakp0t TheCrakp0t 9 months ago This is probably, imho, hands down, the most well explained summary of the standard model I've ever seen! 151 Quanta Magazine Prithvi B Prithvi B 9 months ago One of the best explanations of the Standard Model I've ever seen, keep up the good work Quanta! This channel is invaluable. 1 Sam C Sam C 2 months ago During this Ukraine situation… I had to find a video to help me understand science and convince me again that this is all actually REAL. I dropped out of my Physics degree due to mental illness that still plagues me but I have been researching on my own outside of school and learning and this video may have convinced me to perhaps pursue a degree again. 3 Chris Star Chris Star 9 months ago Besides the clear and coherent presentation the accompanying artwork is beautiful! Fascinating and enlightening— thank you. 3 Plads Elsker Plads Elsker 9 months ago Thank you, I now know how these particles relate to each other! We are right in the middle of the making of the greatest theory ever invented. 3 Joseph Joseph 9 months ago I am so happy to have found this channel. What an intelligent person with an impressive talent for explaining complex information in an easily understandable and digestible way! 2 Quanta Magazine Priyabrata Dash Priyabrata Dash 9 months ago Quite comprehensive video presentation on standard model of particle physics, the building blocks. The visuals are very simple and made it easy for us to have a good catch on this topic. Standard model is a prime step towrds understanding " The Theory of Everything" . Scientists must conduct more research on this topic . 7 Quanta Magazine Manuel Acquistapace Manuel Acquistapace 6 months ago I've never watched a video interesting and well edited like this one... Keep up the excellent job! 2 Victor Birgisson Victor Birgisson 9 months ago This is so beautiful, from a former physics undergrad, wow, thank you for taking the time to make this. 49 Quanta Magazine Wildman2012 Wildman2012 6 months ago One of the best examinations of this subject I've seen. It will take a few more viewings to let it fully sink in, but that's fine. I have virtually zero math skills, but these ideas have always fascinated me. Great presentation! 1 John Barbuto John Barbuto 7 months ago This is the best video I have seen to explain the relationships between these particles and their naming structures. Kudos! I hope there are more where this came from! 2 Mohith Maruvada Mohith Maruvada 9 months ago One of the best video. The animations , the editing, the bgm,and the curious scientist himself.If u really explain anything in this really good animated way,then I bet not a single one will go uninterested. 4 Jord Pomeroy Jord Pomeroy 8 months ago I think this is the best physics video I’ve ever seen. Amazing animations, narration and knowledge! Definitely subscribing! 2 Prastut Dhakal Prastut Dhakal 8 months ago I am currently in grade XII.. and this channel is so so so much helpful to know about physics ..thanks a lot for giving us such content at free of cost❤️❤️ 2 Jaiyam Sharma Jaiyam Sharma 9 months ago A whole generation of Physics students are grateful to David Tong for his lecture notes which make advanced topics accessible to undergraduates. Thank you! 10 Quanta Magazine Apnambo Apnambo 9 months ago I've read and tried to comprehend the standard model for years. This is by far the best video on the topic I have ever seen. Good job! 2 Quanta Magazine Faris Hamidi Faris Hamidi 4 months ago Very well explained verbally and visually, thanks for making this! 1 Kun Henriett_93 Kun Henriett_93 2 weeks ago Amazing explanation! I really apreciate how you were able to explain something so complex in a way that it is understandable for average people . Bravo! Julia Dora Julia Dora 9 months ago Great video! Thanks a lot for making it so simple and comprehensible! I really enjoyed watching this and have learned sth so fundamental today! 2 Quanta Magazine Mark Spooner Mark Spooner 9 months ago Best video I have ever watched on this subject. Really wonderfully done with very clear explanations and visuals 2 Quanta Magazine Wayne Wright Wayne Wright 9 months ago (edited) Mr. Tong, you are the Carl Sagan of particle physics. You're among the best when it comes to science education to the public. We want more! 4 Quanta Magazine Chris Licata Chris Licata 9 months ago This was completely outstanding! Completely understandable, interesting and compelling. Thank you 1 Renu Pathak Renu Pathak 9 months ago David Tong, sir thank you so much for this spectacular explanation. You have simplified this beautifully and the amination makes it more explicit. I shall revisit this many many times in order to remember the order. Love your enthusiasm too 3 NerdyJock NerdyJock 1 month ago Thank you so much!!! I'm currently doing a 2nd semester in (graduate lvl) QFT (more focused on the SM this time) and this has helped so much! I think we physicists tend to get so detailed at times that we lose sight of the bigger conceptual picture Adrian Reda Adrian Reda 4 months ago Thank you so much for this amazing video!! I am a physic curios and I have always struggled with understanding these concepts, but thanks to your explaination and video, this was a little less foggy to me! Thank you! 1 Sharona Amadi Sharona Amadi 2 months ago I loved everything about this video! The visuals made so much sense. This needs to be seen by everyone 1 REME REME 9 months ago Outstanding production David. Your points are cogent, your narration is superb and you have ability to explain clearly. 7 Quanta Magazine Doug Higman Doug Higman 9 months ago Love the style so much! Super clear explanation, thank you! 1 Quanta Magazine She_who_remains She_who_remains 9 months ago I hope humanity gets answers to these questions before I die. 167 Tobias Nilsson Tobias Nilsson 9 months ago What an incredibly concise and beautiful video describing the standard model to a layperson. Thanks! 1 SHAGUN SHARMA SHAGUN SHARMA 8 months ago What a brilliant explanation with simplified yet astonishing analogies..! 'An extremely deep content presented as a beautiful artwork 👏👏' 2 William Bunting William Bunting 9 months ago (edited) That is a brilliant visualization of the model, David. In light of your final comment that there is something missing that ties this all together. Here is possibly a portion of that missing element. It is exactly as described as per your visualization with one basic difference. This model says that there is only one element to our Universe, but that element exists in two forms. That element is energy, which exists as dynamic energy (open ended energy strings) and static energy (closed ended loops [these are the molasses function you describe]). Static energy is what limits the transmission of energy through a vacuum to the observed speed of light. In this model, however, dynamic energy exists in the Universe as an energy emulsion contained in energy parcels we experience as matter. The fundamental difference in this model, and it is this difference that makes the universe work is that static energy (Field) does not permeate through particles, instead it contains the dynamic energy with a logarithmically strong containment. Inside that containment dynamic energy operates at above light speed and it is the reaction with the static field that perpetually deflects dynamic energy inwards. A particles size and properties are a product of the energy operation speed, its quantity of energy and deflection strength of the containing static energy (Higgs) field. The discovery of the Higgs Particle was simply a demonstration that suffixen energy causes the Higgs Filed to take the form of a particle itself. This is what happens continuously at the boundary of a matter particle. Particles give up a portion of their energy to the Higgs field at the boundary and this energy reduces the “viscosity” of the molasses field. The more particles, the greater that inter particle energy in the static energy field is. This energy makes the inter particle space less viscous relative to the broad field of space, hence the broad field of space contains masses of particles in the effect we experience as gravity. In this model all of the matter is being pushed together by the broad field of space, while at the same time they mass bodies are being pushed apart giving the effect of Universal expansion. It is the fact that the broad field of space (the Higgs Field/Dark Energy) pushes matter together that causes the strand like nature of the Universal Web I suspect. The next two blocks are comment extracts. The only explanation I have so far for dark matter is if there can be regions of the the broad static energy field that have an elevated energy level. This would give those regions an apparent gravitational field. This explanation is likely another way of thinking of “modified gravity” or Mond. This elevated static energy field energy level may well be a bi product of the creation of black holes. Energy given up by matter to raise the static energy field energy level is recovered as matter moves away from a high matter density region. How ever in the formation of a black hole that matter is instantaneously disconnected from the elevated energy static energy field becomes a separate entity free to move around in space as an apparent invisible mass of matter, perceived only as a zone of higher gravitational intensity. 1 Kiran D. Kiran D. 9 months ago Quanta never misses. I'm so happy your content is freely available, it's so valuable and I can't wait for more people to see this. 4 Quanta Magazine Ed Donlon Ed Donlon 9 months ago This is an absolutely fantastic video. Fair play to everyone involved! Quanta Magazine Sacrament of Wilderness Sacrament of Wilderness 9 months ago (edited) Thanks for this content! David Tong is an amazing communicator and lecturer, However, there is a typo on the slides (at 7-27) - in the Dirac Equation gamma matrices and partial derivatives are contracted, not a summation between these two terms. 12 Megan Megan 8 months ago This was explained beautifully! I learned so much from this video😁 1 Rania's Realm Rania's Realm 2 months ago This is one the most well-made videos I have ever seen. Explained clearly and animated spectacularly. It has left me fascinated and curious. Great job!! Ajmer Phull Ajmer Phull 2 days ago An amazingly simple demonstration of the most complex subject of physics, perfectly delivered by Mr Tong. Cai Dixon Cai Dixon 9 months ago That was really good. Thank you for creating this and sharing it with us. 2 Abhinav Dangwal Abhinav Dangwal 4 weeks ago This was very well communicated. I would love to read more about subatomic particles and forces that describe their interaction. Theekshana Bandara Theekshana Bandara 9 months ago One of most inquisitive and informative videos I ever watched! ❤💯 14 Quanta Magazine Matt Pryor Matt Pryor 1 month ago David Tong is a fantastic presenter and explainer. Thank you for this video, it was so enlightening and interesting. Anya Titova Anya Titova 3 months ago Best video on this topic I've seen so far! So well-structured and simple. Thanks! 1 Rajiv Jowaheer Rajiv Jowaheer 3 months ago (edited) Wow! The tremendous amount of work behind this great explanation and video. That's a summary of 400 years of work, beautifully presented. 1 Just Cade Just Cade 51 minutes ago Fantastic explanation of the most complicated subject known to humanity. I still feel like I don't fully understand it, but I can at least grasp the main parts of it. Quantum scientists are undoubtedly some of the most important and magnificent people in the world, their work is (literally) everything, and they are the ones moving this species forward every single day. Biniyam Abraham Biniyam Abraham 6 months ago Thank you, for detailed and understandable presentation for non-physics person. Bravo! Higor Costa Higor Costa 9 months ago That's the best thing I have ever watched! Quite well explained. What a masterpiece. 48 Quanta Magazine Aakhya Aakhya 8 months ago This is the best explanation of the standard model I've ever seen 😃 1 Karthik Vigneshwar Karthik Vigneshwar 9 months ago Time to name this the Standard Video for anyone starting to dive into the world of quantum physics ! 3 Quanta Magazine PrettySiruis PrettySiruis 7 months ago Thank you David Tong! Between this and your RI talk on Quantum Fields, have gained a greater insight into the sub-atomic world than I could ever have hoped for, or deserved, from two YouTube videos. 1 Mauricio Comesaña Mauricio Comesaña 9 months ago What a beautiful and insightful video! I loved it, please keep doing this stuff!! 1 Quanta Magazine Folcwine P. Pywackett Folcwine P. Pywackett 9 months ago Brilliant summary of the current state of Physics. Would have liked to have heard about the latest Muon experiment which does not fit into this picture. 7 Akhil George Joseph Akhil George Joseph 2 months ago Amazing way to visualise something that is very complicated. This video is very much illustrative and informative. Thanks to the makers 2 Azhaan Ali Azhaan Ali 9 months ago Good video. I was astonished by the sheer quality of narration and animation. 1 Quanta Magazine Sohom Ghatak Sohom Ghatak 9 months ago David Tong is a genius when it comes to explaining complicated scientific theories to the layman. His analogies and the presentation he makes are really beautiful 3 Quanta Magazine Vivek Gupta Vivek Gupta 1 month ago Very clearly explaind. Made sense even to a novice like me. Thank you. Maria Flowers Maria Flowers 9 months ago This was explained so well, thank you! Quanta Magazine Alex Hollings Alex Hollings 11 days ago Impeccable explanation. Detailed, yet simple to follow. Good job. Tory Onex Tory Onex 9 months ago Incredible amount of knowledge communicated in 16 min. thank you Quanta Magazine Obama Was Taken Obama Was Taken 9 months ago This is just one extremely good quality video and really look forward to watching more especially on particle physics 1 Ahmad Mobeen Ahmad Mobeen 9 months ago Quality education. Quality public service. Thank you! 7 Quanta Magazine Dominic English Dominic English 8 months ago Brilliantly clear. Thank you for making the effort. Great stuff. 1 Esha Kochhar Esha Kochhar 9 months ago Simply brilliant!! Never heard anything so clear and so well put! thank you!!! Quanta Magazine Pas De MD Pas De MD 7 months ago This helped me gain a much more intuitive understanding of the role of photons in orbital states despite having done very well in my physical chemistry/quantum course in undergrad all those years ago. The LilMac The LilMac 1 day ago I love it. I would go insane if I devoted my life to this. All the ideas that rush through my head when I see these videos. I want to share a theory but I'm no Scientist. GabZonY GabZonY 9 months ago i'd love a poster of the standard model laid out in the circle pattern like that, it looks really cool