Astrophysics with Neil DeGrasse Tyson | Dark Matter, Particle Physics, & Cosmic Science Mar 8, 2017

Astrophysics with Neil DeGrasse Tyson | Dark Matter, Particle Physics, & Cosmic Science 291,294 viewsMar 8, 2017 Wondrium 430K subscribers Learn more about this course and start your FREE trial here: https://wondrium.com/youtube/lp/t2/sc... Professor Neil deGrasse Tyson will guide you through the mysteries of the universe in this fascinating course. Everything we now know about the universe—from the behavior of quarks to the birth of entire galaxies—has stemmed from scientists who’ve been willing to ponder the unanswerable. 00:00 Scientific Breakthroughs Come From Small Observations 02:42 Understanding the Pioneer Anomaly 09:51 Dark Matter Found in Galaxy Clusters and Galaxies 13:07 The Dark Matter Problem Persists To This Day 15:22 Einstein´s Greatest Blunder That Wasn´t 19:28 How Physics Is Ignorant of the Universe 21:55 The Zero Net Total Energy of the Universe 26:45 The Collision of Andromeda and the Milky Way So what is our latest picture of some of the most inexplicable features of the universe? What still remains to be uncovered? What are some of the next avenues of exploration for today’s chemists, physicists, biologists, and astronomers? “We know a lot about the universe. But there’s even more that we don’t know,” says astrophysicist and Professor Neil deGrasse Tyson, director of the Hayden Planetarium, an award-winning lecturer, and one of the world’s foremost experts on the secrets of the cosmos. And Neil deGrasse Tyson’s course “The Inexplicable Universe: Unsolved Mysteries” is the perfect gateway into the mind-bending world of astrophysics. Pondering the answers to these and other questions about astrophysics is a great way to appreciate the grandeur and complexity of the cosmos, better understand and discuss news and developments in science, and spark further interest in the universe. This visually stunning course, which has been honored with a 2013 Telly Award for Outstanding Educational Program, features six self-contained lectures that transport you on a marvelous journey to the frontiers of the known (and unknown) universe and introduce you to tantalizing questions being addressed by the world’s top scientists. Undeniably engaging and fascinating, this lecture series is a wonderful entrée to scientific pursuits that lie at the very heart of the history and nature of our universe. In this Free Lecture: Scientists have made astounding progress in their grasp of the universe. But what remains to be understood? Investigate some perplexing aspects of space that science has uncovered in the last half-century. Learn about the mysterious trajectory of the Pioneer spacecraft (known as the “Pioneer anomaly”). Explore two of the longest-standing problems in astrophysics: dark matter and dark energy. And even try to map the shape of space-time. Learn more about this course and start your FREE trial here: https://wondrium.com/youtube/lp/t2/sc... Check out more videos--including EXCLUSIVE interviews with Neil deGrasse Tyson--here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list... and more here! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list... And don't forget to subscribe to our channel...we are adding new videos all the time! https://www.youtube.com/subscription_... Chapters Scientific Breakthroughs Come From Small Observations 0:00 Understanding the Pioneer Anomaly 2:42 Dark Matter Found in Galaxy Clusters and Galaxies 9:51 The Dark Matter Problem Persists To This Day 13:07 Einstein´s Greatest Blunder That Wasn´t 15:22 How Physics Is Ignorant of the Universe 19:28 275 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... Joan Rucker Joan Rucker 3 years ago This man has a way of explaining things in such a way to me that I deeply care and become passionate about whatever subject he is speaking of!! 75 Wondrium Mariana Perez Mariana Perez 1 year ago This is one of the moments I really thank myself for studying english for years to be fluent. What a treasure is to understand this man's direct words 20 Vu Nguyen Vu Nguyen 3 years ago Mr. Tyson articulates very well and with an honest, sincere tone of voice, he captures his audience's hearts. Great science communicator. 8 Aaron Equinoa Aaron Equinoa 8 months ago Craziest thing is this was uploaded a few years ago probably produced in last decade and now we understand this pioneer anomaly as just heat loss causing it to slow down a tiny bit extra. How fascinating that we can figure out stuff of this nature all while sitting here on earth billions of miles from all crafts that have journeys beyond the solar system. 2 Efraim A. Efraim A. 1 year ago Another outstanding video by Mr. Tyson. Thank you for posting. 2 Wondrium Amedeo Filippi Amedeo Filippi 3 years ago In my opinion the book : “ Einstein’s universe without Big Bang “ by C. Poth gives good answers to all of above mysteries. 15 Sensei Lewis Sensei Lewis 3 years ago I would like to propose a hypothesis with the the pioneer anomaly that Dark matter could potentially slow the hardware (satalities) you launched outside of the solar system. You think of a ship sailing through the ocean, water provides a natrual resistance to the ship as it power through the ocean, which can use natural power sources such as sails etc to keep going. Maybe the gravity slingshot is the natural power used for the "power" as you mentioned and that extra force puttting resistance is the dark matter as you stated it binds galaxies together, making it an extra force within the universe. if i had a better understanding of mathematics and astrophysiscs i would broaden this into more working hypothosis 2 Terrence Kohl Terrence Kohl 4 years ago (edited) Has any research been done on dark matter being normal matter in a higher dimension? Gravity traverses dimensions so this is a feasible theory. An exotic partical seems more far fetched than it just being normal matter in a different dimension. 20 MrRynRules MrRynRules 1 year ago Thank you sir, I really appreciate how you explained it. 1 chiefsampson411 chiefsampson411 3 years ago Fantastic video! Incredible topics discussed by a superb host! 2 Wondrium MrWascalwabbit MrWascalwabbit 3 years ago (edited) If dark gravity has a large measurable effect on "light" matter, then how could it not have formed into "dark" matter or combo matter planets, solar systems and even galaxies? mitsos76 mitsos76 5 days ago With my average English I didn't miss a single word in a scientific video. This is an accomplishment by itself. Grats Dr Tyson! 1 HeavypandabearYT HeavypandabearYT 1 year ago (edited) The pioneer 10 and 11 was measured to slow down when it gets farther from the sun but it's deacceleration was greater then what they measured: one theory is that the farther the rocket traveled from the sun and into space the more dark matter shows so the farther it gets the less matter is in space and the more dark matter is in space. matter helps the thrusters push the space ship and dark matter is just the space with in space and matter, so the more dark matter in space the less it's able to accelerate and when the dark matter hits the space ship it slows down more and more of black matter. Space could be like water and the farther you travel the more dense it gets, there could be layers or barriers and when ever you pass a barrier is there a force acting more and more every barrier you pass and what could be considered a barrier just like the atmosphere is a barrier when we pass that we are now in space so how do we not know if space it's self has barriers? 1 Ken Wittlief Ken Wittlief 1 year ago The Pioneer anomaly begs a few questions: 1. How is the speed of the probe being measured. If by its distance from the sun how is that measured? Is the speed actually slower than expected, or is the measurement wrong? 2. What effect does the solar wind have on the speed of the probe? Is there enough mass in the solar wind stream to pull the probe back towards its source (the sun)? Is the solar wind flowing out of the solar system faster than the probe is moving, pushing it along? 3. Is part of the solar wind travelling below its own escape velocity, so that once it gets a certain distance from the sun it stops, and is pulled back towards the sun, an undercurrent if you will, that is slowing the probe as it flows back to the sun? The statement that our best calculations show that we cannot account for 96% of the mass and energy of the universe has as its most obvious answer: the equations are wrong. When we thought the stars and sun and planets orbited the Earth, calculations that assumed the orbits were circular were slightly off, because the planets orbit the sun, and the orbits are elliptical, not circular. Even so, the retrograde 'error' of the first assumption had no logical explanation. Those equations and tables could still predict the orbits of the planets and were only slightly off. By comparison the stacked equations and models of our best understanding of the Universe are off by 96%. On the surface that sure sounds like they are just completely wrong or there is another aspect of the laws of physics that we have not yet grasped. For example: mass affects space-time more than we think, or behaves stronger at a distance, or affects it in ways we dont understand. Or gravity at the distance of galaxy boundaries has other components that we have not accounted for. The idea that 96% of the universe is invisible and untouchable and undetectable except by the motion of stars and galaxies sounds very much like we are talking about ghosts and spirits causing car accidents and making people come down with untreatable physical and mental illnesses... Gaurav Raghav Gaurav Raghav 4 years ago brilliant and clear introduction of the problem dr neil 1 Wondrium Matthew Boyce Matthew Boyce 3 years ago What if the edges of systems are like magnets, pushing back at one another causing extra deceleration? Meaning whatever craft doesn't have enough escape velocity would remain stuck in between the edges of each galaxy. Anastatian E Romani Journalist Gypsy Anastatian E Romani Journalist Gypsy 3 years ago Thank you for your time and consideration in this matter 1 Wondrium Orlando M Orlando M 3 years ago I have an answer for every one of this questions. 1. The energy of sun has a certain mass not measured until now, that can curve the space time and slow the craft 2. Dark matter is at the interior of black holes. In a galaxy are there much more black holes and its mass is much bigger than we think because of dilation of space time that allows on the inside the existence of massive particles that normally disappear in fractions of a second. 3. The expanding of universe is a misunderstood of the observations about the turning to red in spectrum of radiation from distant galaxies. That is not the Doppler effect but the accumulative effect of curved space time in the wave length of that radiation. 4. The universe is flat and is not expanding itself. There is not such a thing like dark energy. The space time only is curved and expanded in nearby of matter. Then the mismatch is only a wrong interpretation of Hubble's observations. 5. The difference between matter and antimatter depends on the rotation of black holes, galaxies, stars, planets and satellites. When that rotation ends, all barionic matter will disappear absorbed by the black holes. What we call "big bang" is the result of the frontal collide of the last two black holes in a given observable universe. Antton Antton 4 years ago What if there is no "Dark Matter", but there is only regular matter. And this regular matter would have a trait. The trait would be, that it will try to fill any space that does not have matter. That would explain the expanding of the universe, at least in my understanding. It would also explain why we could be moving towards the "anti-matter", but we just orbit around it because of the curvature of spacetime and we can't reach the anti matter because of an up-hill caused by the curvature of spacetime. We are down the hill, and antimatter is the uphill that doesn't curve spacetime Gloria Meadows Gloria Meadows 3 years ago Here's a What If: The Schroedinger's cat experiment proved that measurements create the reality. The scientist's thought process tells the quarks or particles what they should be, limiting what the results could be. What if dark matter is nothing more than the particles that haven't been told what to be yet? warcraftnut1354 warcraftnut1354 5 years ago Such great content. Mark CreekWater Mark CreekWater 3 years ago Dr. Ernest Sternglass [book: BEFORE THE BIG BANG (1997, 2001)] explains what "dark matter" is in his book, and also in published papers. Best, Mark Creek-water Dorazio, amateur physics/astronomy enthusiast skartp skartp 3 years ago Great video, as usual !! :) Here's a weird though I had while watching this : What if Dark matter(DM) interacts with itself in the opposite way "usual" matter (UM) does. DM interact with itself by repulsing itself: UM has gravity, DM has dark energy So, big bang, everything get splattered, but at a finite speed. So, we have DM that makes up a lot of the matter in the universe, trying to repulse itself (probablu gonna have expansion, if there is no wall that is : it requires space to be infinite). If you have a lot of particles (DM) trying to repulse the other particles of that thing, at a finite speed, then it will form a "continuous" (at least very granular: the distance beetwen 2 particles is very small) spread of that thing. And it is what we seem to have with DM in the cosmos. So we have 2 sorts of particles in this "field" the ones at the frontier, and the other ones. A particle is either one, but not both. A point on a cirlce is either on the edge or not. If those particles evolve in an infinite space (wich it is...?) then the frontier of that thing is getting exponentiallly bigger. The particle on the frontier are going to the place where there is no other particle like itself, making more "free space" for non-edge particles to go on the edge and then become one of the edge particles. Also making the distance beetwen the particles at the center greater (hence the expansion), and also making the speed at wich these particles are spreading increase, that translates to acceleration. That's why the universe is expanding, and why it is expanding faster and faster. Then at some point will it stop when all the non-edge particles have become "edgy" (lol) ? So, is gravity wrong? Well, is gravity wrong because of what is going on in the quantum fields and the way particles behave? No (I mean I guess not) In the same way, we don't treat quantum as macro, we shouldn't treat very big with just big. (And those 3 scales, don't really impact each other? does the quantum impact the macro? I dunno) Your eye can only see something so small, to see very small we need tools (microscopes) to see very big, we might "just" need new tools. It would seem kind of presemptious of us to say that we are the "biggest layer of reality", with respect to quantum particles beeing the "smallest layer of reality" Gravity prevails over Dark energy, at least in our near "reality". The pioneer 10 and 11 may be the proof, everything goes according to calculation in the "sun's gravity field", and then it deccelarate more than expected. It finds itself emprisonned in mostly DM space. And so to move something throught a field of magnet all opposed to every other magnet is harder. Moving is only relative to some "fixed" point, in DM the fixed points are spreading, rather than gathering like with gravity. It is harder to move throught DM than throught gravity governed places. Some places have more UM than DM (due to gravity binding UM together and DE(dark energy) spliting DM appart) and some places where the opposite is true (inifintly big universe). In the first case gravity prevails in the second DE prevails. Also, why is light not interacting with this. Here to, weird though. UM agreagates because of gravity. Gravity is cause by magnetic fields, themselves related to the electron within the matter. And light is also related to the electron within the matter. So it's not very surprising that something without electrons wouldn't interact with light, or with any other known matter, except itslef. When I say, it only intercat with itself, the same thing can be said about UM, it doesn't interact with DM. See what I mean? If what I said so far is true, then DM is just another matter, just one without electron, one not based on atoms like every matter we know. What do you think? If someone finds the time to critize everything I just said, that would be awesome ! I'd really like to know what is wrong in this way of seeing thing. :) Prue Phillip Prue Phillip 3 years ago Quote on Wikipedia's "Pioneer Anomaly" "The most detailed analysis to date, by some of the original investigators, explicitly looks at two methods of estimating thermal forces, then states "We find no statistically significant difference between the two estimates and conclude that once the thermal recoil force is properly accounted for, no anomalous acceleration remains."[4] 1 Fred Flintstone Fred Flintstone 3 years ago Seems pretty simple to me. I think we abandoned a geocentric model a bit too early and if they just kept on that path there wouldnt have been a need for dark matter or dark energy. I think we are going to have to backtrack a bit before we can go forward, but hey thats just my opinion and stuff right. Mark CreekWater Mark CreekWater 3 years ago In the second part of the video he talks about "dark energy." Supposedly, the expansion-rate of our universe is INCREASING, which was supposed to have been discovered by Perlmutter & others in the 1990s. One can explain this mystery if the speed of light were slightly different in the past than it is now, which Perlmutter's team did not consider. And recently, other "experts" have cast doubt on Perlmutter's team's conclusion that the expansion-rate is increasing. Bearded Roofer Bearded Roofer 4 years ago Great Courses: Please do an objective video on the Electric Universe. Thank you. Ramey Zamora Ramey Zamora 3 years ago What other energies, matter, particles, physical laws exist out there that we just haven't discovered yet? Pretty exciting! Lilliana Marie Lilliana Marie 3 years ago Just WOW <3 Love this guy! 2 Wondrium Max Larrieu Max Larrieu 1 year ago (edited) 18:30-37 we have a large magnet very very large in the universe very very far away that is influencing the gravitational pull of everything and this large magnet is allowing these galaxies to cluster and this large magnet is activating the adhesive magnetic energy power that is not dependent on matter or size. Electricity-magnetism- spirituality. of cours ethere are forces other than scientifically definable physical forces that influence our universe . everything comes out of the heart . the galaxies come from the light of the heart. Magnetism is materialized from the light of the heart purposefulness 1 Penny Rojas Penny Rojas 3 years ago Don’t you just love this man? 1 Mellia Boom Bot Mellia Boom Bot 4 years ago cool, Neil should come to the UK. I liked his impersonation of colliding galaxies..lol. I thought our sun would still be burning by the time we collide with Andromeda..but if not would should have become a Type 2 civilisation by then?? and can harness the power of our sun and move earth. ZIACO ZIACO 1 year ago but aren't all galaxy clusters being pulled towards the largest galaxy cluster altogether? What force is stronger between this gravitational pull and the regular expanding of space? Will most galaxies eventually collide, or stray apart? Gene Jones Gene Jones 3 years ago With the pioneer anomaly. Could it be that there is more interstellar mass coming into the solar system than what we have accounted for? Beth Morris Beth Morris 11 months ago Is it not possible that the escalating speed of expansion means that the universe is still expressing it's original energy from the Big Bang? Kurtyz Kalvyn Kurtyz Kalvyn 9 months ago I, must admit that this dude is the astrophysic Chris Donnelly Chris Donnelly 3 years ago What if their deceleration is relative to the expansion of the universe? The King of Mojacar The King of Mojacar 3 years ago Science (astrophysic/cosmology/physics and cuantum physics) is still in the beginning.... even with the best telescopes and theorys we wont discover the deep secrets of life, existence and real functioning of the universe.... our (destinated) concience can´t realize the enourmes dimensiones behind.... just imagine: travel from here to Andromeda we would need 2,5 Mill. light-years.... the human understanding from time/space is limited.... not from us, from the higher dimensions.... matter and antimatter - plasma-cosmology - universe-multiverse-spirtualverse.... there are the deeper secrets..... but.... no chance to get into, not in this dimension..... we have to maintain the patience!! :) Muttley Muttley 1 year ago Pioneer anomaly - we're testing the gravity theory in a new regime and our theory calculates the wrong result. Dark Matter - we can only infer this mysterious stuff exists through a kind of gravitational anomaly manifesting as very general trend in redshift data. Dark Energy - we can only infer this mysterious energy exists through another, unexpected gravitational effect manifesting as a very general trend in redshift data. Okay call me crazy but so what if we just have the wrong theory of gravity? Scott Davies Scott Davies 3 years ago The Pioneer Spacecraft anomaly has been subsequently explained by an anisotropic radiation pressure caused by the spacecraft's heat loss. Dan Dan 3 years ago I remember reading some time ago that the Pioneer anomaly was caused by some sort of thermal radiation leaking from the craft Steve Deasy Steve Deasy 3 years ago There is a point in minute 31 I believe needs further clarification. Neil deGrasse Tyson seems to indicate that during the collision of our galaxies the potential of stars interacting is much greater. I don't believe that is necessarily true. We already have a very high rate of star interaction. He should cite data on the star density issues in this collision in relation to current star densities in our area of the Milky Way galaxy. He was not aware of this but in the latest Gaia data it appears in a million years we will have a star come through our environs. as he mentions our star will be in a different format anyway. Most likely some version of Red Dwarf. EatOrLumby EatOrLumby 3 years ago Could the dark matter mass be stored inside black holes and thus be invisible to current probes? Spookygoose Spookygoose 4 years ago Neal always has crazy ties lol, it’s great 39 Sancho Panza Sancho Panza 3 years ago How does the time differential, across a Galaxy, affect our perception of its rotational speed? =] Mark CreekWater Mark CreekWater 3 years ago There's an obvious 2nd possibility to explain the Pioneer Anomaly. Perhaps the speed of the radio-signals in the deep space beyond Neptuns & Pluto is slightly greater. Dr. Menahem Simhony has developed a model based on the idea that the space in our universe is a crystal-like solid, and that in the more "empty" regions of deep space the binding energy of the crystal is slightly greater, so that the speed of light is also slightly greater. www.EPOLA.org www.EPOLA.co.uk Adrian G. Cornejo Adrian G. Cornejo 1 year ago Dears. As reference, the paper where is described a solution of the rotational velocities observed in spiral galaxies, without using dark matter (but adding the Coriolis force in the rotating system, from the General Theory of Relativity), is the following (from 2020): http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.astronomy.20200902.01.html Eagle1 Eagle1 3 months ago Please for give me for my child like questions! I'm only 57yrs? I've only been listening to this guy only 7yrs?? Love it. I'm not as reckless now! Thanx Neil!!! Lovyabruz☢️🌻🌴☘️☮️ Mark CreekWater Mark CreekWater 3 years ago Well, there is an obvious possibility that nobody seems to have considered: perhaps the speed of light (and radio signals) is slightly greater in the more "empty" regions out there beyond Neptune & Pluto ?? BklynE12 BklynE12 1 year ago I NEED EVERY EPISODE OF THIS 3 Wondrium James Curran James Curran 4 years ago I love his body language in this series. Just looks totally unscripted. 66 Janet Boyle Janet Boyle 1 year ago He's wonderful--a successor to Carl Sagan em cee em cee 3 years ago If Einstein's equation predicted the expansion that we see in Dark Energy,What's the mystery? Is it a finding thing? 1 Zhaan Michel Zhaan Michel 1 year ago Neil mentioned the COMA Cluster. I tried to study it but it put me to sleep for days. Guitarpima Guitarpima 3 years ago What if space pushes on everything making atmosphere seem like it is clinging to a planet? Cameron Margetts Cameron Margetts 4 years ago Dark matter is the remaining 85% of matter that exists outside of our universe. Imagine a balloon formed around the centre of an hourglass... one side inside the balloon and the rest outside. If there was turbulence (time) on the outside of the universe it could have a drag effect on the external matter. The fabric of space being the side of the balloon. If you pull from the outside, it creates a well on the inside, thus warping space. And if all matter exists on the edge of the universe and it’s all trying to be pulled out, would the whole balloon not expand? wolf gang wolf gang 1 year ago Ehhh... I wish I could listen to you as a kid. I hope some teachers include your lessons. Cameron Margetts Cameron Margetts 4 years ago What if there was dust or tiny rocks and ice in the trajectory of each pioneer craft.. surely that would slow it down. Boethion Boethion 4 years ago (edited) Wait, so if a Magnet can repel gravity, then maybe "Dark Energy" is simply the magnetic field of an unknown "thing" that is larger then our universe which makes it expand faster then it should. OR the Center of the universe has a negativ magnetic field that pushes everything away. dubinthetubz dubinthetubz 3 years ago So if the universe is forever expanding that would mean we are pulling towards Andromeda at a faster speed then that expansion? Viet Dam Duc Viet Dam Duc 3 years ago regarding the dark matter problem: what if einstein was wrong? maybe spacetime is not flat, which starts bending when mass is on it. the same results can have different solutions so maybe it's a coincidence, that many of his theorys seem to describe the visible result, but the explaination might be wrong, although it leads to the expected result? dinamo65 dinamo65 3 years ago