Introduction to epigenetics 97,843 viewsDec 5, 2018

Introduction to epigenetics 97,843 viewsDec 5, 2018 Pine Biotech 11.2K subscribers This course is a part of a series of bioinformatics modules designed to introduce biologists to analysis of various omics data types. Learn more: https://edu.t-bio.info/course/epigene... Epigenetics refers to mechanisms of gene expression regulation that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. At least three systems including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are considered to play fundamental roles in epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic regulations play an important role in a variety of human disorders and diseases. In addition, age, environment, lifestyle, and other factors influence epigenetic states. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression has been linked to discrete mechanisms that affect the stability, folding, positioning, and organization of DNA. The most studied of these mechanisms includes DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling, which work synergistically to organize the genome into transcriptionally active and inactive zones. To better understand the bioinformatics approaches to studying the epigenetic changes in cells, it is firts important to understand the biology and the molecular assays that are used in researching these regulatory mechanisms. Chapters Epigenetics is 2:34 On the Way From Code to Function 2:48 The Epigenome: DNA 3:45 DNA Methylation 4:37 Histone Modification 6:11 Chromatin Packing 7:42 Featured playlist 46 videos Edu.t-bio.info Pine Biotech 76 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... a i a i 1 year ago Thank you , this was one of the best explanations I have ever seen 7 krishna kumar ganta krishna kumar ganta 1 year ago Holy.. He is not a biologist by education but he is the best at what he teaches. Thank you Elia 6 Savannah Wright Savannah Wright 10 months ago This was very helpful, thank you! 2 Alinne G. Alinne G. 2 weeks ago This was really good. Thank you! 1 Titi Titi 3 years ago Very well explained! 7 J e J e 7 months ago At about 4.47 you refer to cytosine as an amino acid, maybe just ad a square saying "nitrogenous bases". Great clip! Thank you 3 UHFStation1 UHFStation1 1 year ago Any animations of epigenetics transfers when cells divide? 3 Alexandre Magalhães Alexandre Magalhães 3 weeks ago Muito obrigado. 1 Mike Jones Mike Jones 1 year ago I have a question that isn't quite related to epigenetics but more to something you mentioned-- You said that Chromatin Packing has a governing effect on processes including apoptosis. How could this be the case? Do cells willingly undergo apoptosis or is it the same thing as lysing the cell itself? I've only heard the word apoptosis used in the context of osmosis from a hypotonic(I think) solution being an environment in which cells will explode. Álvaro A. Lorite Álvaro A. Lorite 1 year ago I was under the impression that it was recently discovered that methylation has inherited to some extent. 2 Ola Ayman Ola Ayman 11 months ago Thank you ,what about non coding RNA? 1 Bobby Poly Bobby Poly 2 years ago If you call that an intro to epigenetics, than i think i need an intro to the intro😉 65 Maryam Ahmadi J. Maryam Ahmadi J. 8 months ago Love the video thanks 😍 1 Stephen Leighton Stephen Leighton 1 month ago Question..... can anyone explain or give clarity on the following ... does any change to typical Purine & Pyrimidine, folate, B6 or B12 pathways during pre or early post natal periods result in heritable genetics that could be passed from that baby should they procreate in later life? 1 Bashar J7 Bashar J7 3 months ago what are the resources you used in this explaination please ? 1 Fahd Alhamdan Fahd Alhamdan 2 years ago FYI Cytosine is NOT an amino acid! 12 Edwin Majnoonian Edwin Majnoonian 1 year ago Why when something can't be explained, the next chapter is named "EPI"? Why not modify the genetic principles, instead of opening a new chapter? Gehad Mostafa Gehad Mostafa 1 year ago Very helpful 👍 Need I link for I rest of videos Joe Dart Joe Dart 2 years ago This mono-tonal recitation of a poorly written textbook is more confusing than helpful. This format might be ok for someone reviewing epigenes, but as an introduction to a newbie, not so good. And it is a pity since whoever created this did a lot of work. I feel bad writing this public criticism, but this is more helpful to you than a glowing compliment. Another thought you might consider is to only put up images that make a specific point. Textbooks are stuck having to fit the text and images together, but a living narrator has the choice of what images to show the audience. By synchronizing the narration and images, difficult ideas can be clarified much better than they can be on a printed page. Bottom line... look at this presentation as a two pillar approach to understanding concepts... and make sure both pillars are working together. Thankfully there was no music. That would have made it unbearable. 3 Sanjar Shermat Sanjar Shermat 9 months ago Very nice explanation, stealing some ideas! 2 Miss Salma Miss Salma 11 months ago I like to make my speciality epigenetics and I really have no idea which program its part of I didn't finish my high-school yet and interesting these things plz anyone can direct me which courses and programs should i take and which faculty should i join so i can take epigenetic as my major ?? thanks you 1 Dogecoinx Dogecoinx 3 months ago Good video 1 Anthony G Anthony G 2 years ago best video yet! 2 Ovvkoz Ovvkoz 2 years ago 5:10 , my favorite part 1 John Matrix John Matrix 2 years ago Very good. 1 Gg Brother Gg Brother 4 months ago I have a project about dna methylation epigenetic control of gene expression can you help me about I get information about this topic any reference 1 Peter V Peter V 11 months ago A bit of confusion in that it is not clear which processes are naturally occurring and which are done in the lab. 1 Cem Dede Cem Dede 2 years ago Thank you 1 Jennifer Meyer Jennifer Meyer 7 months ago Understanding Methylation 1 bo nk bo nk 1 year ago Read this pls..i just took a tetanus vaccine and it has differential extraction-methylation CAN THIS CHANGE MY DNA ? 1 Deepak Meena Deepak Meena 1 year ago Nice.... 1 Boyd Hooper Boyd Hooper 2 weeks ago With respect that’s not an introduction. That is a technical overview. Please label things for what they are to avoid wasting people’s time and creating frustration baydaa Sh baydaa Sh 1 year ago هل DNA methylation benifit or harmless ??and whay Epigenetic Clocks Help to Find Anti-Aging Treatments | Steve Horvath | TEDxBerkeley 40,206 viewsMar 19, 2020 1.2K DISLIKE SHARE DOWNLOAD CLIP SAVE TEDx Talks 35.4M subscribers Steve Horvath is a professor of human genetics and biostatistics at the University of California, Los Angeles. Horvath had a lifelong interest in solving an important problem in aging research: how do we measure aging? In 2011 Horvath and his collaborators at UCLA described the first age estimation method (epigenetic clock) for saliva based on chemical modifications of the DNA molecule known as DNA methylation. Two years later Horvath published an age estimator that applies to all tissues and cells of the human body. This discovery, known as the Horvath epigenetic clock, was unexpected because cells differ greatly in terms of their epigenetic patterns. Recently, he has studied treatments that slow or even reverse aging in humans. He and his colleagues have demonstrated that the epigenetic clock predicts lifespan and is related to centenarian status, obesity, HIV infection, early menopause, progeria, and many other age related conditions. Steve Horvath is a professor of human genetics and biostatistics at the University of California, Los Angeles. Horvath had a lifelong interest in solving an important problem in aging research: how do we measure aging? In 2011 Horvath and his collaborators at UCLA described the first age estimation method (epigenetic clock) for saliva based on chemical modifications of the DNA molecule known as DNA methylation. Two years later Horvath published an age estimator that applies to all tissues and cells of the human body. This discovery, known as the Horvath epigenetic clock, was unexpected because cells differ greatly in terms of their epigenetic patterns. Recently, he has studied treatments that slow or even reverse aging in humans. He and his colleagues have demonstrated that the epigenetic clock predicts lifespan and is related to centenarian status, obesity, HIV infection, early menopause, progeria, and many other age related conditions. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx Featured playlist 22 videos TEDxBerkeley - February 8, 2020 TEDx Talks 85 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... David David 2 years ago Steve is modest as ever but the universal pan tissue epigenetic clock ought to be called The Horvath Clock in his honour. Wouldn't surprise me if he wins a Nobel Prize some day. 34 Anthony C Anthony C 2 years ago It’s crazy how many people dismissed this guy back when this speech was given...now that his group had amazing results everyone is trying to get on board😆 37 Jeff Miller Jeff Miller 2 years ago Interesting research. Would be fascinating to see a twin study of methylation. The fact that we can slow aging with behavioral change is hopeful. Even if it means my wife is right about the veggies. 6 tiberio135 tiberio135 1 year ago Excellent presentation Dr. Horvath. I will educate myself in your work only out of curiosity...since my wife calls me and 'old fossil' .Thank you. 7 Mehdi Bouchene Mehdi Bouchene 2 years ago You are a genius. Thanks for sharing. 12 DK DK 1 year ago This is a great discovery and Steve seems like an awesome guy. But I wonder if DNA methylation is accurate in anti-aging treatments? People have reversed their epigenetic age by taking molecules such as NMN, meaning that their DNA methylation levels have gone down, but does it actually mean that physically the same they were as before? In other words, if I am able to reverse my epigenetic age by 10 years, I should look and feel exactly as I was 10 years back. But from what I have seen, it doesn't exactly work like that. So I guess it's possible to trick your body into having lower DNA methylation levels without actually reversing the physical state of your body in entirety. 5 Deborah Behr Deborah Behr 9 months ago I love this guy. Lets have him speak more. Tom (Edge of Thought Ideas) Tom (Edge of Thought Ideas) 2 years ago “Your mother was right. Eat your vegetables!” -Anti-Aging Science man 💪 31 Joe Solla Joe Solla 11 months ago "Longer living through chemistry" - think I'll trademark that phrase. 2 G T G T 1 year ago I want to live to 1000. 100 is way too short these days. Too much to learn and experience. 62 Curly Bill Curly Bill 2 years ago Is this the start of longevity escape velocity? Kurzweil was right if it is. 17 Scott K Scott K 3 months ago I still don't understand the point of epigenetic clocks. It'd be one thing if the were designed to predict at what age we are likely to die, but I really don't see the point of learning one's current "biological age." For instance, I'm 36. Let's say an epigenetic clock informs me that I'm biologically 39. So what? Am I going to live to 85 or 110? What does being "39" when I'm 36 actually tell me? Nothing useful as far as I can tell. At most it might imply that I'm 3 years behind the trajectory of the average person. So does that mean I'll die 3 years later than average? Of course not. So what does it mean? Anything? 1 Monica London Monica London 1 year ago Can this apply to dogs? I wish my dog could live longer than estimated! 5 J Andersen J Andersen 10 months ago Great talk Diyetisyen Ahmet Akbulut Diyetisyen Ahmet Akbulut 6 months ago Genius. The Cartoon Club The Cartoon Club 2 years ago The newest Nugenics discovery is the start of a revolution. I wonder if I’ll read this comment in 3020 lol 22 Shawn Outler Shawn Outler 4 months ago This was 2020 it’s now 2022 what’s the hold up with the anti aging technology please don’t make us wait 50 yrs for this technology all the money backing this should be already halfway done 1 Bitcoin Yoda Bitcoin Yoda 1 year ago German Tech. Very gut. 2 Pavel Baidurov Pavel Baidurov 1 year ago Respect from Russia 2 Calet Evelen Calet Evelen 1 year ago Who says German's don't have a sense of humor? 19 Ezike Daniel Chichetaram Ezike Daniel Chichetaram 11 months ago Death is not a blessing irrespective of the animal rakesh vora rakesh vora 1 year ago Sir i am from india. What is the way to meet you. ? joerg-peter born joerg-peter born 1 year ago I apologize, I apologized before Elya Elya 2 years ago As if life worth living 2 azuur asmr azuur asmr 1 year ago Eat your colors! 2 Martin Martin 1 year ago "hang in there" Ahmed Y Ahmed Y 1 year ago thanks FOR GIVING EVERYTHING i DIDNT WANT YOU TUBE. EXTORT ME TO AVIOD ADS! I cant understand the guy in the add- Eday Hashim Eday Hashim 7 months ago Billionaires will start removing all studies & breakthroughs in anti-aging lol Cole Butler Cole Butler 2 years ago 🕐 3 Katherine Gordon Katherine Gordon 1 year ago Hi I would like to meet you. spiceuwa 604 subscribers Dr Jemma Berry, lecturer in the School of Medical Sciences at Edith Cowan University, provides an engaging and insightful overview of an emerging and exciting area of molecular biology. Dr Berry provides an easy to understand introduction to two major epigenetic modifications: histone modification and DNA methylation. The PowerPoint presentation used by Dr Berry, with accompanying presenter notes, may be downloaded from http://spice.wa.edu.au/introducing-ep... Chapters Introducing epigenetics 0:23 Human DNA structure • each cell in our body contains the same DNA- Our genome . more than 2m DNA in every cell • DNA is packaged into chromosomes and tightly wound to fit inside the cell • humans have 46 chromosomes 1:23 Epigenetic signals are erased in embryos • Sperm and eggs contain epigenetic tags from parents • tags erased shortly after fertilisation • embryonic cells can become anything 6:00 Epigenome remembers . epigenetic memory is important, otherwise cells wouldn't know where to go • once a cell has gone down a particular path, epigenetics prevents it from going backwards 8:09 Twins and epigenetic disease • diseases are not always the same in identical twins 20:24 The epigenetic therapy . turning genes on and off is easier than changing the DNA sequence • many drugs have been approved for use or are under development • treatment needs to be selective 21:40 28 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... Castle of Costa Mesa Castle of Costa Mesa 4 years ago Thank you for the clear, enjoyable and comprehensive lecture! 1 Cristian Martín Cristian Martín 4 years ago Thanks a lot for this lecture. It really helped me understanding further epigenetics. 5 years ago So, here is a big question I have noticed as being overlooked in all conversations on epigenetics and other cell systems- In the (fabulous) recipe book analogy, what is Dr. Jemma Berry representing? Is she a ribosome on autopilot, or a sentient sub-component of the living organism? I expect this question to be disregarded in the current environment. But, in the future, I believe it will be proven out- The sentient mind of the individual directly impacts his own body at the cellular and genetic level. you have add that during during fertilization(video at 5:20) both the sperm and the egg contains epigenetic signal from their parents. So, can we say that epigentics is heritable character? I am not clear about it? Cut Indriputri Cut Indriputri 3 years ago A very interesting explanation. Thx very much DR Jemmma Berry. Gene Kim Gene Kim 1 year ago Dr. Berry is such a wonderful communicator! She makes a complicated subject very easy to understand 1 Paulo Henrique Sica Paulo Henrique Sica 3 weeks ago I've read something about epigenetic mutations being inherited. But as you said, If the epigenetic informations are wiped out from the cell at the blastocyst stage, how does it passes from parents to embryos? 2 years ago Just as an FYI epigenetic signals aren’t erased in embryos, certain markers appear to be heritable by numerous studies garr2991 garr2991 2 years ago Hey can someone correct me if I am wrong but her statement "DNA methylation always leads to silencing a gene" is not true. If there is gene hypermethylation in promoter regions it is associated with silenced genes whereas gene promoter hypomethylation is actually associated with activation of genes Ciencias Ciencias 4 years ago They do not all get erased when for the embryo. Some epigenetic signals remain. 3 C. David Allis (Rockefeller U.) 2: Epigenetics in Development and Disease 30,990 viewsMay 2, 2016 464 iBiology 147K subscribers https://www.ibiology.org/genetics-and... In the first of his videos, Dr. Allis introduces the concept of epigenetics; a change in a cellular phenotype that is not due to DNA mutation but due to chemical modifications of proteins that result in changes in gene activation. In the nucleus, DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones to form chromatin. How tightly the chromatin is packaged determines whether genes are active or not. This switch between the “on and off” state of chromatin is regulated by chemical modification of histones. Allis describes work from his lab and others that identified the enzymes that add, remove and recognize the histone modifications. Changes in histone modification can cause a number of diseases including cancer. A key difference between genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications is that epigenetic changes are reversible making them an attractive drug target. Dr. Allis focuses on the role of epigenetics in development and disease in his second talk. Histones can be modified on a number of amino acids, particularly lysines, by the addition of acetyl or methyl groups. Combinatorial patterns of these modifications act to enhance or repress gene expression. Allis describes work from his lab and others, which demonstrates that mutations in histone (for instance a lysine to methionine mutation) may block these modifications and, thus, impact gene expression. Sadly, these “onco-histone” mutations have been identified as the cause of many diseases including pediatric brain tumors and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Speaker Biography: C. David Allis is the Joy and Jack Fishman Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics at The Rockefeller University. Allis’ lab studies how modifications to histones, the proteins that package DNA, influence gene expression and the implications these changes have for human disease. Allis has been honored with many awards for his pioneering research including the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, the 2014 Japan Prize, the 2007 Canada Gairdner International Award and many others. Allis is a member of the National Academy of Sciences USA, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the French Academy of Sciences. Allis received his BS in biology from the University of Cincinnati and his PhD in biology from Indiana University and he was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Rochester. Chapters Coproduced with the Lasker Foundation 0:08 From one genome, many cellular identities 0:58 Chromatin: the physiologically-relevant form of our genome 2:14 The nucleosome unit of chomatin: histone proteins + DNA 3:13 Epigenetic targets in oncology: histone-modification targets 4:14 Inactive X chromosome lacks H4 acetylation 5:47 Featured playlist 70 videos Genetics & Gene Regulation iBiology 8 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... NLSoulja99 NLSoulja99 5 years ago Very nice and interesting data, relevant to some rare human cancer diseases, eventhough initial research was literally based upon yeast models! I admire Dr. Allis and his co-workers. He's one of the best in epigenomics research, hands down. 2 Jonathan Brown Jonathan Brown 2 years ago I learned a lot and it's a history of great work, but from the beginning of the first lecture to the end of the second, the focus keeps narrowing from "epigenetics in development and disease" to a few rare cancers. Anyone interested in large public health problems like the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes and the racial and social disparities in COVID-19 severity would appreciate a mention of the known causal role of epigenetics in susceptibility to diabetes and, by extension, COVID-19. 3 Pavel Penev Pavel Penev 2 years ago I wonder if there's really something that makes mutations of H3.3K27 → I harder to happen than H3.3K27 → M. Or, is there something that makes K27 → M mutations more destructive that K27 → I? It also makes sense that damaging one amino acid in the region that controls the enabling and disabling of a gene would be a lot more impactful than damaging one amino acid in a protein used for other purposes. If you permanently disable all the codons wrapped around a nucleosome, or can't control when they should stop being expressed, you've pretty much impacted all the hundreds of codons around that nucleosome, or, perhaps, even the whole gene. (Also, how is enabling and disabling of all the nucleosomes that are part of the same gene coordinated?) It also makes intuitive sense that being unable to regulate the expression of a gene can result in uncontrolled growth. E.g., if you can't produce a signal that plays a role in telling the cell, or other cells to stop dividing, you'd expect to get uncontrolled tissue growth. tomatoeraincow tomatoeraincow 5 years ago I'm taking a class on epigenetics and it has been quite confusing for me. But his explanations here are clear and so relevant. He should do more public lectures! 5 Joseph Brady Joseph Brady 6 years ago David's first lecture was very clear, the second less so....His lab is doing great things and he is clearly doing pioneering work... 1 Mahadi B. Alyami Mahadi B. Alyami 3 years ago Great lecture. 2