199: Snot 411 (your immune system will thank you)

On this episode you’ll learn: How your nasal and throat lining is just like your gut lining (and how it has been helping you) (5:57) Where respiratory infections actually stem from (and how to help prevent them) (6:50) Why SNOT is actually a good thing (9:34) The threats your throat and nasal microbiome could be facing (and what age and diet have to do with it) (11:30) Why diabetics may be more prone to COVID-19 complications – and the conversation you should have with your doctor (12:49) The REAL reason why people are more susceptible to getting sick during colder months (14:22) Why allergies could be affecting you more than others (and how to help prevent them) (15:30) Where you can get the first all natural over-the-counter drug designed to help with colds and allergies (24:05) The Aspirin myth – and why it’s NOT always beneficial (25:55) This episode is sponsored by Applied Biological Laboratories, however, my onions are my own. Disclaimer: This episode is intended only to expand your knowledge and is NOT a substitute for seeking medical advice. It’s important to first communicate with your doctor regarding any of the information you wish to put into practice, especially for serious illnesses. P.S. Believe it or not, the Dr. Gundry Podcast is about to hit our 200th episode and we want YOU to join in the celebration. If you want the chance to be featured on our 200th episode, it’s simple. Just CLICK HERE to fill out our brief questionnaire and upload your video. I’m excited to celebrate together soon! Mentioned on this episode: Biovanta Thank you to our sponsors! Check them out: Go to www.Biovanta.com for your allergy and cold solutions and save 15% off with the code 15GUNDRY, either on the brand’s site or Amazon. For all your oral care products, find Lumineux on www.Amazon.com and get seven dollars off today! Join today to get 40% off your first order AND a FREE gift at www.ThriveMarket.com/GUNDRYPODCAST. Get a 20% discount on the first month of an Akkermansia membership with the code GUNDRY20 at www.pendulumlife.com GO TO www.TenThousand.cc/GUNDRY for 15% OFF your athletic wear purchase. As a Dr. Gundry Podcast listener, you get 15% off an annual membership, go to www.MasterClass.com/GUNDRY Get a quote today at www.Progressive.com and see why 4 out of 5 new auto customers recommend Progressive BioVanta Transcript by Dr. Steven Gundry | Apr 6, 2022 | Uncategorized | 0 comments Speaker 1 (00:00): Welcome to The Dr. Gundry Podcast, the weekly podcast where Dr. G gives you the tools you need to boost your health and live your healthiest life. Dr. Gundry (00:13): Welcome to The Dr. Gundry Podcast. Ahh, spring. It’s the time of year when the cold starts to wane and the trees and flowers blossom. But if you’re one of over 24 million Americans who suffer from seasonal allergies, those pretty trees and plants may make you feel worse, not better. But I have news. My guest today says that you can reduce your chances of experiencing airborne illness in the first place and that it all begins, ready for this, with the nasal and oral microbiomes. She’s Dr. Nazlie Latefi, a life sciences expert and co-developer of Biovanta, an over-the-counter product thought to tackle the root cause of respiratory illness. After a quick break, Dr. Latefi and I will do a deep dive on the oral/nasal microbiome, discuss why so many people suffer from seasonal illnesses in the first place, and share what makes Biovanta different from other cold and allergy products you’re probably familiar with… So don’t go away. This is going to be fun. We’ll be right back. As many of my listers should know by now how important it is to take care of the good bacteria in your gut. But did you know you also have great oral bacteria as well? In fact, 89% of your oral bacteria are good bacteria, and Lumineux helps protect them instead of destroying them like most oral care products. Lumineux makes toothpaste, mouthwash, and whitening that are formulated with a new and innovative approach for improving your oral health. Most dental care products these days have toxic ingredients that can destroy your mouth’s microbiome. With uncompromising ingredients like sea salt, aloe, and coconut oils that help brighten and clean my smile, Lumineux has become a favorite of mine. I’ve noticed a huge difference in my smile since I started using all of their products. My smile has never felt cleaner and brighter. The best part is Lumineux is dentist-formulated and backed by over 50 studies, so you know you are getting the safest and best product out there. It’s time for you to preserve your mouth’s natural microbiome. Find Lumineux on Amazon.com and get $7 off today. That’s L-U-M-I-N-E-U-X. Remember, it’s spelled with an X, so you can X out the harm. Lumineux: dedicated to illuminating better ideas in oral care. I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again: I love working out. 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Go to TenThousand.cc/Gundry to receive 15% off your purchase. That is TenThousand.cc/Gundry. Once again, that’s TenThousand.cc/Gundry to receive 15% off your purchase. That is TenThousand.cc/Gundry. The Dr. Gundry podcast is brought to you by Progressive. What’s one thing you’d purchase with a little extra savings: a weighted blanket, smart speaker, that new self-care trend you keep hearing about? Well, Progressive wants to make sure you’re getting what you want by helping you save money on car insurance. Drivers who save by switching to Progressive save over $700 on average, and customers can qualify for an average of six discounts when they sign up… Discounts like having multiple vehicles on your policy. Progressive offers outstanding coverage and award-winning claim service day or night. They have customer support 24/7, 365 days a year. When you need the most, they’re at their best. A little off your [inaudible 00:05:06] each month goes a long way. Get a quote today at Progressive.com and see why four out of five new auto customers recommend Progressive. Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates national annual average insurance savings by new customers surveyed who saved with Progressive between June 2020 and May 2021. Potential savings will vary. Discounts vary and are not available in all states and situations. This episode is intended only to expand your knowledge and is not a substitute for seeking medical advice. It’s important to first communicate with your doctor regarding any of the information you wish to put into practice, especially for serious illnesses. Okay. Let’s get started. All right. Nazlie, it’s great to see you again. It’s been a number of years, and happy to catch up with you. So let’s talk about our nasal and throat membranes. Can you explain how they work as a first line of defense against airborne illness? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (06:06): Sure, I’d be happy to, and it’s great to see you again, too, Dr. Gundry. Epithelial cells are essentially skin cells that line our nose and throat, but instead of being seven to 10 layers thick like the skin, they’re only one to two layers thick, like the gut lining that I’m sure all of your listeners are very familiar with. Also, like the gut lining, they sense what’s happening outside and have alarm signals that they use if they sense something dangerous, like a virus or bacteria. They also have their own immune system called the innate immune system. It doesn’t produce antibodies like the adaptive immune system, but it is the first line of defense, and it can trap infection before it gets too out of control. Respiratory viruses like COVID-19, cold and flu viruses always begin in our nose and throat, which a lot of people don’t realize. Dr. Gundry (07:07): So you’re saying that even if I had developed a chest cold, for instance, that cold actually didn’t start in my chest. It had to go through my mouth and nose first. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (07:30): Exactly. That’s exactly right. In fact, some very interesting studies on why children don’t get infected with COVID-19 to the same degree as adults found that it’s most likely that their innate immune systems are much stronger than adults, and that could be the reason. The cells in the nose and throat and the innate immune system are very closely connected to the adaptive immune system, which is the part of the immune system that produces antibodies. Once the virus or bacteria gets past the first line of defense, which is the innate immune system and the cells lining our nose and throat, then the adaptive immune system and antibodies kick in. But when antibodies are called in, we also get a rapid increase of inflammation because they need to infiltrate from the blood through our respiratory membranes where the bacteria viruses are… And we start to feel much more sick and all the variety of symptoms get much worse. So we really don’t want that to happen, and we really don’t need it to happen a lot of times if our first line of defense is strong. Dr. Gundry (08:39): So… [crosstalk 00:08:40]. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (08:39): Sorry. But of course, it’s very important because antibodies do protect us, but I’m just saying that our first line of defense needs to be strong as well. Dr. Gundry (08:49): Talk to me about this mucosal defense system in our mouth and nose and why that, I guess, initial response or initial defense system is so important for defending our bodies from disease. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (09:07): Well, the epithelial cells and the innate immune system keep viruses from getting into our lungs. Respiratory infections, as we talked about before, almost always start in the nose and throat before they progress to the lungs. That’s why it’s best to stop them while they’re still in the nose and throat and to make sure that like our gut lining, our respiratory lining is nice and strong. Dr. Gundry (09:33): I talk a lot about mucus being very important in protecting our gut barrier. Tell me why snot is such a good thing… And we really want to have great snot. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (09:48): Snot, or mucus, is a very powerful component of the innate immune system. It’s actually a very complex viscous fluid, and it’s one of our bodies’ key weapons. First of all, it’s sticky, so many harmful things get trapped in it before they can get into our bodies. They get stuck in the mucus and then we swallow the mucus, and we all know what happens when we swallow things… They have to deal with the hydrochloric acid in our stomachs and a pH of two or three, which very few things can survive. That’s also why we can eat a lot of things that are not exactly sterile and we live. Snot is great. It traps a lot of harmful things, brings it to our stomach, where they get broken down before they can invade the delicate respiratory lining, which I said, again, is one to two cells thick. In addition, snot contains many powerful molecules, such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, which are also found in breast milk and have key defense mechanisms that help our immune system… And they also by themselves can disable viruses and bacteria, so snot is a very, very important component of our innate immune system. Dr. Gundry (11:31): What kind of threats exist when it comes to the health of our oral and nasal microbiomes? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (11:38): For some of us with various lifestyle factors such as aging, poor nutrition, or exposure to too many environmental toxins, our oral and nasal defenses are weakened, and therefore we’re more prone to get sick. Other things that might weaken our initial respiratory defenses are dehydration, allergens, and also, most over-the-counter cold and flu medications, particularly those that contain chemical decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine. These products dry up the mucus and make us much less able to produce another key molecule, nitrous oxide, which you have spoken about on many of your other episodes. It’s a powerful antimicrobial defense as well. Coincidentally, also, another thing that you frequently speak about, diabetes, and also mouth breathing, decrease levels of nitrous oxide, which may be why diabetics are more prone to COVID-19 complications, for example. Dr. Gundry (13:02): Interesting. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (13:04): The microbiome in our nose and throat are thought to help us produce this vital nitrous oxide. I think you’ve spoken about nitrous oxide being a component of the microbiome before as well. Also, as the mucus in our nose dries up and becomes thicker, cilia in our nose beats slower. Cilia are small, hairlike projections that move mucus… Also something that’s found in the gut. We produce one and a half quarts of mucus a day, and as I said before, swallow most of it. We swallow about two times a minute, even when we’re sleeping, so all of this is cleaning out our respiratory epithelia. As I said before, as viruses and bacteria get trapped in the sticky mucus and are swallowed, they’re no longer able to make us sick. Dr. Gundry (13:58): One and a half quarts of mucus every day. Wow. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (14:03): Yeah. Dr. Gundry (14:04): That’s a lot of mucus. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (14:06): Yeah, it is. Even though mucus contains a lot of powerful molecules, it’s actually 90% water. Dr. Gundry (14:15): Yeah. Okay. So, all right. On the same subject, it’s true that respiratory illnesses such as a cold are more common in colder months… So why is that? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (14:30): Yeah, that’s actually true. Grandma was right, and there are two reasons for that. The first reason comes back to the cilia, which I just discussed. They become rigid in cold temperatures and are less able to move mucus. The other reason is that cold viruses actually prefer cold temperatures. They reproduce faster at colder temperatures. In fact, in our lab, when we study rhinoviruses, we bring down the incubator a couple of degrees centigrade so that they can multiply faster and we can test them better. Dr. Gundry (15:12): And a rhinovirus is one of the common cold viruses. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (15:15): That’s correct. Yes. Actually, coronaviruses could also cause common colds… [crosstalk 00:15:21]. Not COVID… Other coronaviruses. Dr. Gundry (15:23): Yeah. Yeah, exactly. Why might it be that some people experience seasonal allergies and others seem totally unaffected? I think your husband is a perfect example you were mentioning. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (15:39): Yes, yes. He… My husband gets a lot of allergies, and he suffers from sinusitis, I think. Well, much like leaky gut and IBS, there are several theories but no definitive answer just yet. If someone has allergies, it means their immune system is hypersensitive and over-reactive, as you spoke about in many of your episodes. Allergy symptoms are the result of inflammation. Inflammation can be beneficial in small doses. It’s the body’s way of protecting itself. But as you know, it needs to be controlled. So going back to what we were speaking about earlier, about the innate and adaptive immune systems, allergies happen usually when antibodies, particularly IgE, enter the nose and throat. But as we spoke about before, antibodies come with a lot of excess inflammation because they need to penetrate through the respiratory epithelia to get there. So you don’t necessarily want them when you’re just inhaling some pollen. Basically, it’s an overreaction and there could be various reasons why some people are more prone than others. Perhaps they’re more exposed to other types of allergens in their lifetimes. Perhaps it’s due to living in indoor environments or exposure to pollution. There are a lot of theories. Dr. Gundry (17:13): If the there’s one thing you need to know about, good gut buddies, it’s Akkermansia. I’ve talked about it plenty of times in my paradox books, but I want to make sure you and all your friends know about this amazing bacteria. Akkermansia is the holy grail of microbiome health, a mucus-producing leptin blocker that scientists have tried for decades to capture. But now, you are finally able to get a hold of Akkermansia thanks to Pendulum. Pendulum is the first and only company to offer probiotics containing this strain that I’ve been talking about for years. As we age, we lose Akkermansia, and the only way you can reintroduce it to your body is through Pendulum’s Akkermansia probiotic, since you can’t get it from any foods. I have incorporated Pendulum into my daily routine, and I can’t get enough of it. It’s your turn to nurture your body’s microbiome to keep your gut healthy. Go to www.pendulumlife.com and use my code Gundry20 at checkout. That’s P-E-N-D-U-L-U-M-L-I-F-E.com and use my code Gundry20 for a 20% discount on your first month of membership. I hope you’re enjoying my new book, “Unlocking the Keto Code.” Not only did I enjoy researching and writing this book, but I made sure to fill it with my most delicious Gundry-approved recipes for ultimate mitochondrial uncoupling. I hope you really enjoy making them, and I know what you’re probably going to say: Dr. G, some of your recipes call for ingredients that I can’t find anywhere near me. Well, don’t fret, because I already had the solution. 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Can your grocery store do that? Now it can when you go to thrivemarket.com/Gundrypodcast. Join today to get 40% off your first order and a free gift worth over $50. That’s T-H-R-I-V-Emarket.com/Gundrypodcast. It’s been a lifelong passion of mine to expand my knowledge on all things health, but recently, I’ve decided to expand my horizons and take on new hobbies and interests. This past week, I was able to learn key tools for problem solving with a lesson by Bill Nye via MasterClass. That guy is amazing. MasterClass is an online learning platform that streams exclusive classes taught by world renowned experts you know and love. You, too, can become a master in just about anything. With my busy schedule, it sometimes becomes hard to find time… But with MasterClass, it’s incredibly easy. All of their classes are accessible on your phone, web, or smart TV, so you are able to learn while you’re on the go or in the comfort of your own home. Each video lesson is broken down into bite size, 10-minute vignettes, making it even easier to fit into your schedule. Providing over a selection of 100 classes, MasterClass can help you become an expert on just about anything, with lessons on creating change with Malala and even songwriting with Mariah Carey. I highly recommend you check it out. Get unlimited access to every MasterClass today. As a Dr. Gundry Podcast listener, you get 15% off an annual membership. Go to MasterClass.com/Gundry. That’s MasterClass.com/Gundry for 15% off MasterClass. All right. Tell us about Biovanta and why it was designed for cold and allergy symptoms. What exactly is it? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (22:04): Sure, of course, I’d be happy to. Biovanta is the first over-the-counter drug in the cold, cough, and sore throat category that’s also 100% percent natural. Obviously, there are a lot of homeopathic products, supplements, but Biovanta is classified as an over-the-counter drug and regulated by the FDA and is also 100% natural. It has a unique mechanism of action. It’s the only product that was designed to address upper respiratory inflammation directly, which is the root cause of cold symptoms. Most other products on the market just mask symptoms and inflammation, they don’t actually treat it at the source. In addition, most of the products in the over-the-counter cough and cold category were approved decades ago using old science. Dr. Gundry (22:58): So how does this differ, or compare, I guess is the better word, to the other over-the-counter cough, cold, sore throat products? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (23:07): Well, we actually tested this, and we recently published the results in a peer-reviewed scientific publication. You can find a link to it on our website, Biovanta.com. We found that not only was Biovanta more effective than all the other products we tested, but most products actually damaged the respiratory epithelial and created holes in it, much like leaky gut, but in the nose… In the nose [inaudible 00:23:35]. Dr. Gundry (23:35): Now that doesn’t sound like a very good idea. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (23:39): No. Dr. Gundry (23:42): This sounds like a total different way of dealing with these cold and cough and sore throat symptoms. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (23:53): Yes. Totally, totally different. You need to really take care of the nose and throat. It’s much like the gut. The cells are very similar. Dr. Gundry (24:03): How does Biovanta do that? What are the key ingredients that allow you to actually take care of the nose and throat? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (24:12): Biovanta contains a small dose of plant-based acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin, which is one of the oldest medicines known to man and truly a wonder drug. It also includes lysozyme, lactoferrin, and aloe. In combination, they work synergistically to stop inflammation. The key to the use of acetylsalicylic acid is the dose. Biovanta contains a very small dose of naturally-derived acetylsalicylic acid, as well as, like I said, lysozyme and lactoferrin. We derive our acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin, naturally, so it’s not petroleum-based, and ours comes from methyl salicylate, which as you may know, is in a lot of common foods, like broccoli, coffee, and wintergreen oil. Plants use it as their own natural defense system against pathogens such as viruses. Lysozyme comes from egg white, and lactoferrin comes from dairy… But they’re also found, like I said, in breast milk, and a lot of mammals produce… Mammals and other animals produce these compounds for protection, as we do. Everything we use in our products comes from 100% natural sources. As I mentioned before, these are powerful molecules that we also have in our snot. Dr. Gundry (25:54): You do say that aspirin is beneficial in low doses, but not in high doses. Can you explain that further? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (26:00): Aspirin is a key inhibitor of COX enzymes, which play a key role in inflammation. At low doses, aspirin blocks some COX enzymes, but if you completely block them, then we found that another more inflammatory pathway kicks in. This is also described in our paper that you can find on our website. We don’t fully understand why, but we do know that there’s a delicate balance in inflammation, and this is becoming more common in other areas of medicine and research as well. It could be that some low level of COX enzymes are necessary and that the body treats it as an alarm signal if it’s too low. This is similar to why some people are told to take a baby aspirin every day instead of full-strength. Dr. Gundry (26:51): Gotcha. So what kind of… Other than this paper that you just got published, and congratulations… Dr. Nazlie Latefi (26:58): Thank you. Dr. Gundry (26:59): … What kind tests have been done on the effectiveness of Biovanta? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (27:03): We’ve been studying this area for over 10 years, and also all the ingredients that we use are very well-studied and very well understood, and they’ve been around a long time. They’re also all-natural and extremely safe. We just found the best and most efficacious combination of these ingredients, and we’re also… We’re fortunate enough to be able to test them in our system, the organoid system, which I mentioned before, which has only become available in the last few years… So we’re able to test different combinations, different doses and see what worked well for stopping inflammation and keeping the respiratory cells healthy. Dr. Gundry (27:52): Now, the FDA doesn’t treat drugs lightly, so you must have been very convincing to the FDA that this product was not only safe, but also effective. Did you have to provide a lot of documentation to the FDA? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (28:14): Yes. We have a very good regulatory team, and they’re very well-versed in what the FDA looks for. The FDA is very, very concerned about safety, as you know, and efficacy… So, yeah, the answer is yes. Dr. Gundry (28:35): Yeah. Well, Dr. Latefi, it… Great for seeing you again and sharing this information with us. Where can listeners find out more about Biovanta and your research? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (28:48): Thank you so much, Dr. Gundry. It’s great to speak with you and see you as well. I would encourage your listeners to visit Biovanta.com to learn more about the product and its ingredients and also to read our paper. You could also visit appliedbioinc.com to learn about our company. If you want to give Biovanta a try, you can use 15Gundry, 1-5Gundry to buy it on Biovanta.com or on Amazon.com. Dr. Gundry (29:19): Ah, great. Would we find this in our local drug store right now, or is it just easier to go to your website or Amazon? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (29:30): Oh, yes. I forgot to mention… We are being carried at CVS, Walgreens, Target, which we’re very proud of, because these are top retailers and they have a really high bar for accepting products… And yeah, you can find us in major pharmacies, but the discount code, I think, would only apply on Amazon and Biovanta.com. Dr. Gundry (29:58): Yeah, I think you’re right. One last question: Is this a product that if you are feeling the symptoms of seasonal allergies or you feel you’re coming down with a cold, that’s when to start it… Could you ever preemptively use it in allergy season, or do you have any information about that? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (30:22): I think that you could preemptively use it because we have all natural ingredients. They’re very… Unless of course, you have an allergy to one of the ingredients, like egg, milk, or aspirin, then you shouldn’t use it, but yeah, anyone else can use it preemptively at any time because it’s all-natural and it would also be best to use it at the start, when you just start feeling the symptoms coming on, like the first day or two. You could use it later, but it’s going to have the most effect early on, because as you know, inflammation is like a cascade, right? And so it just keeps amping up, so you want to try to catch it before it gets too strong. Dr. Gundry (31:11): Well, this is the perfect time of year to have you on, because… Yeah, allergies are going to start and the cold season is rampaging right now. And I think it’s great, particularly listeners in my podcast want always a more natural approach to dealing with this, and I congratulate you on looking for a natural solution rather than the crazy stuff we’ve been bombarding us and our kids with for 40 years. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (31:46): It is really crazy stuff. And thank you. You’re an inspiration to all of us and always promoting natural products, so I thank you as well. Dr. Gundry (31:58): Well, great. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (31:58): Promoting natural products, but also natural lifestyle. Dr. Gundry (32:02): Very good. All right. Well, keep up the good work. What’s in the future… Before I let you go. Is more interesting stuff coming down the pipeline? Dr. Nazlie Latefi (32:13): Yes, actually, thank you for asking that. We started Applied Bio… By the way, my other co-founder is my husband. Dr. Gundry (32:22): Ahh. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (32:25): We started Applied Bio with the idea of tackling respiratory viruses, so our first technology was actually in those areas. And then when we further researched the respiratory system and the respiratory epithelia, we saw that there was a great opportunity here in the OTC category. So we… This is our first product, but our technology… Our older technology is actually antiviral technology, and that’s going to be coming down the pipeline soon, as soon as we do clinical trials… And that’s a much more rigorous FDA process, so it’s going to take some time, but it’s basically antiviral nasal sprays. Dr. Gundry (33:18): Yeah. All right. Sounds like we really need that as well, so good luck with getting that… Yeah… FDA clinical trials… I’ve been in them… It’s hard work, but hopefully it’ll be worth it. Dr. Nazlie Latefi (33:34): Yeah. I don’t take it lightly, but thank you. Dr. Gundry (33:34): All right. Heather Dubrow (33:42): Hi, everyone. It’s Heather Dubrow telling you to check out Heather Dubrow’s World on PodcastOne. Every week, we discuss the hippest, hottest news trends in health, wellness, parenting, style, and so much more, including all things Housewives and Botched. Download new episodes of Heather Dubrow’s World on Thursdays and Friday on PodcastOne, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and Amazon Music. Dr. Gundry (34:10): All right. It’s time for our audience question, this one from Janine Duncan. Are there lectins in the resveratrol supplement, since it’s from grapes? Well, great question. First of all, remember, certain things I don’t want you to eat a lot of, not because they contain lectins, it’s because of the incredibly high sugar content. Grapes don’t contain any significant lectins that are a problem, but unfortunately, our modern grapes have been bred for sugar content, and if you remember, a cup of grapes has the same sugar as a whole Hershey’s candy bar, so that’s why you want to avoid it. Resveratrol supplements don’t contain any lectins, and in my new book, “Unlocking the Keto Code,” you’re going to learn why resveratrol and other polyphenol supplements are so really vital to protecting your mitochondria, you’re going to have a fun time learning about how resveratrol really works… And it’s not what you think, but great question. Now, it’s time for the review of the week. This question comes from Ray Trout on YouTube. I just wanted to thank you again, Dr. Gundry. I keep running into obstacles, yet every time you have the answer. Well, thanks a lot, Ray. Yeah. I… I’ve been doing this now for 25 plus years, looking for answers that I think will be useful, not only for my health and my family’s health, but our big Gundry MD family… And when I find an answer or you ask me a question that I don’t have the answer for, I’m going to find out, and if I don’t know, I’ll be the first to tell you, “I don’t know…” But usually I don’t give up until I get the answer, and it’s questions that you guys send in that really excite me, because I want to know, too. So keep tuning in week after week, because I’ll bet you I’ve got an interesting answer that perhaps you wanted to know but never thought to ask… Because I’m Dr. Gundry, and I’m always looking out for you. We’ll see you next week. Thanks for joining me on this episode of The Dr. Gundry Podcast. Before you go, I just wanted to remind you that you can find the show on iTunes, Google Play, Stitcher, or wherever you get your podcasts, and if you want to watch each episode of The Dr. Gundry Podcast, you could always find me on YouTube at youtube.com/DrGundry… Because I’m Dr. Gundry, and I’m always looking out for you.