Quantum Field Theory visualized

Quantum Field Theory visualized ScienceClic English 818K subscribers Subscribe 74K Share Download Thanks Clip 2,329,052 views Oct 31, 2020 How to reconcile relativity with quantum mechanics ? What is spin ? Where does the electric charge come from ? All these answers in 15 minutes ! 0:00 - Introduction 1:52 - Field and spin 4:38 - Conserved quantities 6:02 - Quantum field 7:39 - Standard model 10:15 - Interactions 13:58 - Conclusion For more videos, subscribe to the YouTube channel : / scienceclicen And if you liked this video, you can share it on social networks ! To support me on Patreon : / scienceclic or on Tipeee : http://tipeee.com/ScienceClic Facebook Page : / scienceclic Twitter : / scienceclic Instagram : / scienceclic Alessandro Roussel, For more info: http://www.alessandroroussel.com/en _ To learn more : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetr...) Transcript Search in video Introduction 0:02 [Music] 0:06 welcome back to science clique 0:08 today quantum field theory 0:13 unlike a marble which has a definite 0:15 position 0:17 at the microscopic scale a particle does 0:19 not really have a position 0:21 its presence is distributed throughout 0:23 space with more or less probability 0:28 this description of particles as waves 0:30 of probability 0:31 is called quantum mechanics 0:34 quantum mechanics allows us to describe 0:36 the evolution of a particle 0:38 over time 0:41 however this description as effective as 0:43 it is 0:44 fails to take into account two 0:46 considerations 0:48 firstly quantum mechanics cannot 0:50 describe situations where the number of 0:52 particles 0:53 varies over time however in nature we 0:56 often observe that particles can appear 0:58 or disappear 0:59 like when a photon gets absorbed by an 1:01 electron in an atom 1:06 secondly quantum mechanics treats each 1:08 particle independently 1:12 however within a family of particles 1:14 such as electrons 1:16 all exhibit the same properties and 1:18 behaviors 1:19 how is it that an electron coming from 1:22 the far reaches of the cosmos 1:24 has exactly the same mass or charge as 1:26 an electron in an apple 1:30 to answer this question we will have to 1:32 build a new mathematical framework 1:35 a more general description that 1:36 reconciles quantum mechanics with 1:38 special relativity 1:40 we will construct the most successful 1:42 framework available for describing the 1:44 microscopic world 1:46 in this video we build together quantum 1:49 field theory Field and spin 1:53 to begin with let's start with an empty 1:56 universe 1:57 relativity teaches us that the fabric of 2:00 the universe is space-time 2:02 to simplify we will represent only two 2:05 dimensions of space 2:06 as well as the dimension of time 2:11 we now want to fill our universe with 2:13 content mata 2:15 we saw previously that all particles of 2:18 the same type 2:19 for example all electrons appear 2:21 perfectly identical 2:23 as if they were only local 2:24 manifestations of a single 2:26 underlying object which would fill the 2:28 whole universe 2:30 a field to add content to our universe 2:34 we will therefore start by adding a 2:36 field 2:38 [Music] 2:41 in mathematics a field is like a fluid 2:44 which fills all space time 2:46 each point of which is populated by a 2:48 mathematical object 2:51 it can be a field of numbers vectors 2:56 or other more exotic objects 3:02 that said special relativity imposes 3:05 some restrictions 3:06 it forces us to respect certain 3:08 symmetries which correspond to the 3:10 geometry of space-time 3:13 symmetries of translation rotation 3:16 or changing frame of reference 3:19 [Music] 3:20 these symmetries are only respected by 3:23 certain mathematical objects 3:25 and we can classify them with a 3:26 parameter spin 3:32 the simplest objects that we can use are 3:35 numbers 3:36 we give them spin zero because when we 3:38 rotate space around a number 3:40 it does not vary 3:46 vectors on the other hand indicate a 3:47 direction in space 3:49 their appearance depends on the 3:50 orientation in which they are observed 3:54 we assign them spin one because when we 3:56 rotate space by a full turn 3:58 a vector also describes a full turn 4:03 finally relativity also allows other 4:05 more exotic objects 4:07 and in particular spinners which have 4:09 spin one half 4:11 you have to make two turns around a 4:13 spinner for it to come back to its 4:15 initial state 4:18 [Music] 4:21 all these mathematical objects seem very 4:23 abstract 4:24 and some are difficult to understand but 4:26 technically they all obey the symmetries 4:28 of relativity 4:29 and are therefore potential candidates 4:31 with which we could fill our universe 4:34 [Music] Conserved quantities 4:39 in addition to imposing the types of 4:41 objects that are allowed 4:43 space-time symmetries also set 4:45 restrictions on the way 4:46 objects behave inside the field 4:50 each symmetry forces the field to 4:52 respect the conservation of certain 4:54 quantity 4:54 over time to obey relativity 4:59 our field must respect the conservation 5:01 of energy 5:03 momentum angular momentum 5:08 and velocity of the centre of mass 5:15 moreover the mathematical objects 5:17 themselves can contain symmetries of 5:19 their own 5:20 if we decide to form a field with 5:22 complex numbers for example 5:25 they exhibit an internal symmetry which 5:28 implies the conservation of another 5:30 quantity over time 5:31 related to the very nature of complex 5:33 numbers 5:34 the electric charge 5:38 [Music] 5:41 at this stage we have a space time which 5:44 we have filled with a field 5:46 which satisfies all the restrictions 5:47 imposed by special relativity 5:51 but our goal is to describe the 5:52 microscopic world 5:54 so it's time to turn our field into a 5:56 quantum field 5:58 [Music] Quantum field 6:03 in quantum mechanics to transform a 6:05 classical object into a quantum object 6:07 we allowed it to adopt several positions 6:10 at the same time 6:11 with more or less probability 6:13 [Music] 6:15 similarly to transform a classical field 6:17 into a quantum field 6:19 we allow it to adopt several 6:20 configurations 6:22 multiple ways it can evolve with more or 6:25 less importance 6:27 [Music] 6:28 over time our field evolves as a 6:30 superposition 6:31 of all possible scenarios 6:38 transitioning from a classical field to 6:40 a quantum field 6:41 results in a very interesting property 6:45 just like an electron in atom has 6:47 well-defined energy levels 6:49 [Music] 6:50 a quantum field also has energy levels 6:53 it can only contain an integer number of 6:55 disturbances 6:57 quanta of energy that can appear or 6:59 disappear 7:01 these are particles 7:04 much like a wave on the surface of water 7:07 a particle is simply a disturbance which 7:09 propagates within the field 7:16 [Music] 7:17 a quantum field is also agitated by 7:20 fluctuations 7:21 which keep popping in and out of 7:22 existence these are called virtual 7:25 particles 7:27 these virtual particles exist only very 7:30 briefly 7:31 so that it is strictly impossible to 7:33 observe them 7:36 [Music] Standard model 7:40 step by step our model universe is 7:42 getting closer to reality 7:45 we now describe a space-time filled with 7:47 a quantum field 7:48 inside which move disturbances particles 7:51 in a soup of fluctuations virtual 7:54 particles 7:57 in our universe several fields coexist 8:00 and constitute different families of 8:02 particles 8:04 some are vector fields spin 1 and the 8:07 particles they contain 8:08 are photons z and w bosons and gluons 8:14 others are fields of spinners spin one 8:16 half 8:17 they are the fermions that make up 8:18 matter quarks 8:20 electrons muons tau particles and 8:23 neutrinos 8:25 finally there is a field of spin zero 8:27 the higgs field 8:31 among all these fields most have 8:33 internal symmetries 8:35 which provide them with quantities that 8:36 are conserved over time 8:39 charges which distinguish their 8:40 particles between several versions 8:43 we saw previously that fields formed 8:45 with complex numbers 8:47 have asymmetry which gives them their 8:49 electric charge 8:51 this symmetry allows us to distinguish 8:53 two versions of the particles 8:55 one with positive charge the other with 8:57 negative charge 8:59 this is anti-matter in a way 9:02 the anti-particle is the complex 9:04 conjugate 9:05 of the ordinary particle 9:09 other fields also have more exotic 9:11 symmetries 9:13 the quark fields for example exhibit a 9:15 symmetry which assigns them another 9:16 charge 9:17 the colour charge which must also be 9:19 conserved over time 9:21 and that allows us to separate quarks 9:23 into three versions 9:24 red green and blue 9:28 the set of all these fields that make up 9:30 the content of our universe 9:32 is the standard model of particle 9:34 physics 9:36 to this day this is the most successful 9:38 description of our universe on the 9:40 microscopic scale 9:42 [Music] 9:47 our model universe now contains the same 9:49 particles as our real universe 9:52 however it still isn't realistic indeed 9:56 the symmetries of space time 9:57 force all particles to move in straight 9:59 lines forever 10:01 independently one from the other 10:04 to finally complete our model all we 10:06 have to do is add one more fundamental 10:09 ingredient 10:10 we need to allow these fields to 10:12 interact with each other 10:14 [Music] Interactions 10:16 to understand let's focus on one of the 10:19 simplest interactions 10:21 between the photon field and the 10:23 electron field 10:25 we will allow an electron to emit or 10:27 absorb a virtual photon 10:30 and vice versa allowing only this simple 10:34 interaction will have drastic 10:35 consequences 10:37 for instance in the following situation 10:41 we start with two electrons motionless 10:45 over time the two electrons progress 10:47 towards the future 10:50 at first one might think that the two 10:52 electrons remain motionless indefinitely 10:55 but that would be forgetting that our 10:56 electrons are constantly moving through 10:58 the photon field 11:00 with which we allowed them to interact 11:02 [Music] 11:04 we saw that a quantum field realizes all 11:07 possible 11:07 evolutions at the same time 11:11 in a way each evolution describes a 11:13 scenario 11:15 and in some of these scenarios the 11:17 electrons will interact 11:18 with the photon field 11:22 [Music] 11:24 in this scenario for example the 11:26 electron emits a virtual 11:28 photon at a certain instant which 11:30 carries away 11:31 part of its momentum and the virtual 11:33 photon is absorbed a little later 11:36 by the other electron 11:37 [Music] 11:40 in this other scenario the electrons 11:42 exchange this time 11:43 two photons 11:44 [Music] 11:48 or again in this third more complex 11:50 scenario 11:51 the electron emits a virtual photon 11:54 which is converted into a pair of 11:56 virtual electron and positron 11:57 that inhalate together into a virtual 12:00 photon 12:00 which finally ends up absorbed by the 12:03 second electron 12:07 by exchanging part of their momentum 12:09 carried by virtual particles 12:11 the two electrons will in some scenarios 12:13 get closer 12:15 and in others get further apart 12:20 now consider the following analogy on a 12:23 guitar a 12:24 string can vibrate with different 12:25 frequencies each of which corresponds to 12:28 a pure 12:28 sound but when we pluck the string 12:33 it starts to vibrate in a superposition 12:35 of all these frequencies with more or 12:37 less amplitude 12:39 and the synthesis of all these pure 12:41 sounds together with different 12:43 amplitudes 12:44 is what makes the total sound produced 12:46 by the string 12:49 similarly a quantum field evolves 12:51 according to every possible scenario 12:54 with more or less amplitude and it is 12:56 the synthesis of all these scenarios 12:58 together 12:58 that describe the real evolution of the 13:01 physical system 13:03 in particular in our example when we add 13:05 up all these possibilities 13:07 we observe that overall our two 13:09 electrons are more and more deflected 13:14 they feel a force repelling them because 13:16 of the exchanges of virtual photons 13:19 this is the electromagnetic force 13:26 and if instead we had started with an 13:28 electron and a positron 13:29 of opposite charge the amplitudes of the 13:32 different scenarios would have been 13:33 different 13:34 resulting this time in an overall 13:36 attraction force 13:42 [Music] 13:44 by allowing particles to interact and 13:46 exchange momentum 13:48 quantum field theory explains how forces 13:50 arise from simple symmetries 13:53 the symmetries of the fields which make 13:55 up our universe Conclusion 13:59 to conclude quantum field theory is a 14:02 mathematical recipe 14:03 for building a model universe we start 14:06 with an empty space-time 14:08 which we fill with quantum fields that 14:10 satisfy the symmetries 14:11 of special relativity quantum field 14:15 theory thus makes it possible to 14:16 construct a quantum description of our 14:18 universe which satisfies the constraints 14:21 imposed by relativity by allowing fields 14:24 to interact with each other 14:26 this theory makes it possible to predict 14:28 with astounding precision 14:30 the phenomena that govern our universe 14:34 according to quantum field theory the 14:36 evolution of our universe is described 14:38 as the synthesis of 14:39 all possible scenarios at the 14:41 microscopic scale 14:47 that being said this description remains 14:49 incomplete 14:50 as even though it satisfies special 14:52 relativity quantum field theory cannot 14:54 be unified 14:55 with general relativity which describes 14:58 gravitation by the curvature of 15:00 space-time 15:02 some results of the theory can already 15:04 be calculated in curved space times 15:07 such as the prediction that black holes 15:08 evaporate over time 15:12 however scientists are still looking for 15:14 a unified theory 15:16 that would explain microscopically why 15:18 space-time gets curved 15:19 and would reconcile the infinitely large 15:21 with the infinitely small 15:23 gravity with quantum a theory 15:27 of everything 15:40 [Music] 15:52 you 3,449 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... Pinned by ScienceClic English @ScienceClicEN 4 years ago (edited) Many thanks to my friend Thomas Harvey who helped me write this video. Thomas was my roommate during my Master's at Cambridge, he is now doing a PhD at Oxford University, and quantum field theory is his daily routine : https://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/contacts/people/harveyt 1.2K Reply ScienceClic English · 98 replies @user0K 4 years ago Wow, someone actually described what spin is 6.2K Reply 186 replies @scottyb3b7 4 years ago Speaking as a physicist, this is SUCH an exceptional explanation of QFT. 2.3K Reply 67 replies @stetsonlewis3095 1 year ago As a visual learner, these animations were incredible and helped immensely. The writing was also crystal clear and paired perfectly 435 Reply 4 replies @danival2090 4 years ago (edited) Excuse me YouTube, Why did it take 2 years to recommend Fermilab vids to me from PBS Spacetime and 3 years to recommend ScienceClic vids to me!? This is beyond superb content! 452 Reply 6 replies @nicholasbohlsen8442 4 years ago The animations in this video are extremely impressive. They present some of the basics of QFT, much better than many other casual sources. (and visualisations like this are also almost unavailable in an academic context as well) 1K Reply ScienceClic English · 13 replies @vaunjeis6751 3 years ago 12:23 blew my mind because while it is useful to think of a string as vibrating at a particular frequency, the truth is indeed that any given section of the string is vibrating differently from the rest, and it is the synthesis of all those parts of the string at once which produces the final frequencies. Once of the best ways of describing wave function I have ever heard. 465 Reply 9 replies @Geddyfleaharris 4 years ago For a non-physicist layman, who just happens to enjoy reading and watching YouTube videos about it, your videos are fantastic. Great work. Keep them coming! 298 Reply 4 replies @artsenor254 4 years ago You know, I'm a physics student, currently learning all of this stuff, and I've been searching on YouTube for months to find some way to help me visualize QFT beyond all the equations on my sheet. Well, that's the exact video I couldn't find, thank you so much for this amazing work ! 313 Reply ScienceClic English · 11 replies @vladip7662 3 years ago Best short presentation of QFT I've ever seen. And it fully complies with what Einstein once said: “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler.” Great work! 77 Reply 2 replies @PhoticSneezeOne 4 years ago This visualization is so advanced, its like partaking in future starfleet academy education 1K Reply 10 replies @kieranwagstaff 4 years ago I mean, scary monsters are great and all, but it's this stuff that keeps me awake at night. 401 Reply 6 replies @fonkyfesh-old 1 year ago This is the clearest and most thorough explanation of quantum mechanics i have ever seen. 8 Reply @speeshers 4 years ago This is by far the best explanation of QFT I've ever heard. This video seems to go by very slowly, but in a really nice way. Dont know exactly how to describe it, but thank you!! 433 Reply ScienceClic English · 6 replies @guyedwards22 4 years ago You just explained quantum spin in a perfectly sound, fairly simple mathematical context without resorting to the tired line "particles don't really spin, but you can think of it that way". I'm absolutely blown away man! Also, I'm a huge fan of how you symbolized conservation laws by their corresponding transformation symmetry in the appropriate spaces. Not super necessary to understand the content, but a nice little something extra for those in the know! 629 Reply 6 replies @effortLus 2 years ago This particular video was way too complex for me, yet it was fascinating to just watch and try to understand bits and pieces. It's incredible how even the most difficult type of information can come across to the most simple people, as long as its explained in a proper way. Good job 132 Reply 6 replies @CitizenAyellowblue 4 years ago The guitar analogy really hit the spot! 101 Reply 6 replies @moreprivacy3347 4 years ago Wow, I am actually studying this stuff but I often get confused by algebra and I lose the meaning behind. Your video is absolutely amazing, everything is explained in such an intuitive way. It reminds me what I am doing when I get lost in equations. Thank you very much! 161 Reply ScienceClic English · 4 replies @cheahshuhuan2018 2 years ago I studied QFT during my master's for a whole year and the lecturer lost me quite early on in the course...This video presented a visualization and explanation of QFT in such an incredibly understandable way that much of the confusion in my mind was finally cleared up! Thank you so much for creating this video! 100 Reply @scifactorial5802 4 years ago (edited) Hands down one of the best introductions available. Love the visualizations, basically you are the 3b1b of physics! Absolutely deserves more views! Please keep up the great work with more videos like this. Excellent stuff! I might have missed it but is there a video about how you do the visualizations? 353 Reply ScienceClic English · 6 replies @neerkoli 4 years ago This is one of those "woah!" moments for me. You have that gift of explaining things clearly and precisely. People like you are making ordinary mortals like me understand quantum physics and relativity, at least a little bit. Thank you! 41 Reply @boriscrisp518 10 months ago Thanks to Youtube videos like this we're in a golden age of education. Great work 4 Reply @Grzyb032 4 years ago Beautifully explained, am gonna share it with friends that are also into this stuff 137 Reply ScienceClic English · 3 replies @michaelsoftbinbows95 4 years ago Seriously...thank you for taking the time to animate this and provide visual context to these theories. A rarity on youtube, instant sub! 60 Reply ScienceClic English · 1 reply @NocturnalJin 2 years ago £5.00 Not sure if I'm more amazed by the physics or the graphics. 2 Reply @macronencer 4 years ago Why have I NEVER before seen that explanation of spin? I'm not a physicist but as I studied maths, it immediately made some sense to me. Thank you! 14 Reply 3 replies @Chauncylew 4 years ago Cheers to the day where videos like this go viral and the human attention shifts toward wonder and amazement again. 5 Reply @LewisBavin 2 years ago Just guna echo what everyone else said but this is INCREDIBLY digestible. I have watched and read a crazy amount of videos and papers about quantum mechanics but this visualisation has completely contextualised everything I've learnt in a way that makes me understand it so much simpler. Incredible video 6 Reply 1 reply @PatricioHondagneuRoig 4 years ago How dare you make the meaning of particle spin finally click in my head? No videos should be this good. 57 Reply @twokharacters 4 years ago As a scientist who has heard the theory of special relativity explained a number times, this is the first time it's clicked. Thank you kindly. 37 Reply @IrakliKavtaradzepsyche 2 years ago I work in data visualisation. I can tell you, these are the best instructional visualisations I have ever encountered. 2 Reply @RomainPuech 4 years ago (edited) One of the most relevant video of the Science YouTube Game 42 Reply @audiblevideo 4 years ago I’ve been a casual pursuer of physics since my childhood when my science project was about black holes (back when they were only theoretical objects). This video combined with several other recent explanations have finally cemented a mental model in my head of our current understanding. Thank you VERY much for the explanation of spin. Too many people just hand wave it away. Having the Higgs particle/field explained as having a spin of zero makes sense for a lowest energy field that permeates all space. Sorry if my diction isn’t properly technical. 24 Reply 4 replies @jdbrinton 2 years ago Bravo. Best QFT summary available. Your work is truly a donation to humanity. 16 Reply @scepticalchymist 4 years ago Beautifully animated and impressively clear, concise, and comprehensible. A true piece of magic. 31 Reply @rajeshkumarnayak8849 3 years ago you deserve more audiance. its a sad thing that people making fun of others have more subscriptions than you. thanks. 2 Reply @SergeiKotikov 4 years ago Your visualisations are fantastic. 3b1b grade stuff - very consistent and pleasant to look at. 5 Reply ScienceClic English · 1 reply @raifsam3408 4 years ago amazing explaination, as a experimental particle physicist, i'll give this a 10/10 for the content! 31 Reply 2 replies @sarsedacn 1 year ago As a Physicist I'm astonished at the level of accuracy of this video. Well done! 2 Reply @kuboteusz 4 years ago Did you just explain what an electromagnetic force is. Wow 760 Reply 16 replies @enricolucarelli816 4 years ago I am studying physics for fun. Well, it’s more than just fun. It’s passion. Understanding QFT is one of my mayor pending challenges. With this video, I feel like having reached in minutes what other ways would have taken years of struggling towards understanding. Thank you so much. This video is a real revelation. 12 Reply 2 replies @Totaro17 2 years ago “ Like a wave in water, A particle is a disturbance which propagates within the field” This explains the particle/wave duality perfectly. Now I can actually visualize and understand this idea. 2 Reply 2 replies @crowbringer 4 years ago Great! I like how you make these pauses while you explain stuff. Gives me some time to process what you just said. There are many other great channels here but for the first time I feel like I actually remember something from the video. Sub+ 48 Reply 1 reply @StephanieHoltz0220 4 years ago This is such a great visual aide to understand something which is (extremely difficult) to visualize/comprehend. I am not a physics major but am still deeply interested in the subject. Please keep making more videos..haha 52 Reply @egillis214 1 year ago ‘Particles are “disturbances” propagating thru a quantum field.’ Great explanation of a particles wave like vs. quanta properties! If you let a particle be at rest in this field it’s “both”. If you measure it, it becomes one or another as it was the propagation in motion, remove that and you observe only part of itself 😮 2 Reply 2 replies @singingcat02 2 years ago I'm a high school student and this video seemed interesting especially since i'm in my physics phase, and my mind is blown. That is so interesting, and i managed to understand most of it thanks to your incredibly clear explanation and visuals. I might have to watch it a few more times to memorize and understand it better, but it makes me want to dig even further into the subject. Thank you ! 18 Reply 1 reply @Kosmologi-Indonesia 4 years ago The best 15 minutes of my life. Thanks for the sharing. I'm studying QFT by myself now and this visualization helps me a lot. 39 Reply 3 replies @3dgar7eandro 5 months ago (edited) This video should absolutely be displayed on every classroom in high schools and Engineering collage degrees physics and chemistry classes, what a remarkable way of compactifying such an amount of knowledge! This channel next to Kurzgesagt and Veritasium are most certainly the best at explaining complex physics topics in a simple manner so almost everyone can comprehend it. 1 Reply @PCGamer1732 4 years ago This is absolutely the best summarized description I have ever seen 12 Reply 1 reply @0dWHOHWb0 4 years ago The production value is off the charts, man Once could've been a fluke, but I've seen enough good content here now that I have no choice but to subscribe 8 Reply ScienceClic English · 1 reply @mozzerianmisanthrope406 3 years ago As a philosophy student this is fantastic. I have never considered paying attention to physics, but I understand how important it is to the world around us and the intersectionality between quantum mechanics and philosophical concepts has blown my mind. Absolutely fascinating, and you did a great job in making it super easy to comprehend. Thank you. 10 Reply 2 replies @paulgoodwin8840 4 years ago This is hands down the best explanation for QFT I've ever seen. 6 Reply @sadariuswolf 2 years ago I just found your channel and I had to say this is the most fun I've had in learning and understanding at least specifically Quantum Theory, and I do mean fun. You come at it like we would have in college, starting by building the theory piece by piece. But your script and breakdown level made it the most comprehensive I've ever seen. Your pacing is also incredibly satisfying as you give time for us to process the new words and topics, digest them enough to feel like "I'm not 100% there, but let's trust the process" and then link the non-visual phrasing with the excellent visualization. This is an incredibly satisfying way to learn, for me at least. But your script writing and outline is a huge part of me coming away actually understanding this on a level I really wanted to when I clicked on it. 39 Reply 1 reply @isaac.zeitgeist 2 years ago the way you just summarized all possible electron-electron interactions to give as a result what we observer as repulsion is just... magic congrats on the video, seriously, you have a new subscriber 1 Reply @freddytime 4 years ago (edited) As a passionated without any academic study, I can't thank you enough for this visualisation. It makes it super simple and makes a lot of sense. I had some issue even with simple concepts jumping from QM to QFT, like characteristics of particles, even as simple as particles charge. It has been always a step of faith of particles behaviours which didn't make much sense. Now I believe I can say that charge and interactions are phase QFT waves interactions and their disturbances. I'm still totally ignorant, but at the least I got comfortable to have my own partial understanding. 12 Reply @matthiascoppens2062 4 years ago Great video! I especially liked how spin just casually shows up when you're creating relativistic fields. This must be about the best explanation for spin I ever heard. 14 Reply ScienceClic English · 2 replies @MatsueMusic 2 years ago (edited) As a hobbyist sound designer and musician, “symphony of the universe” is a very interesting concept. I am not spiritual by any means yet our free will, determined or otherwise, gives us a unique awareness of and connection to this symphony, I hope we can continue to enjoy and understand it. 3 Reply @feynstein1004 4 years ago This was an amazing video. Beautifully illustrated, beautifully narrated, beautifully explained. PBS Space Time just got some really tough competition. 8 Reply @captainprice2331 3 years ago It is masterpiece, I remember watching this a few months back and banging my head but since they I have gathered some more mathematical and physics knowledge and now I totally got the video and I fell in love..... 10 Reply @WyattScott 2 years ago great vids! My dad was a radio astronomer at Cal tech in the seventies finding quasars in the universe. He debunked a Russian claim of extraterrestrial radio waves being beamed at us. He got his PhD in physics from Cambridge. I’m just a lowly CPA but have an undying love and passion for learning about this type of thing, love those Stephen Hawking books. I cant grasp the complex math like my Dad did with ease but these vids help me out, lol. 2 Reply @trewillz7425 2 years ago Incredible work!! This SHOULD be in schools. Absolutely amazing visuals and very descriptive. 15 Reply @MyskokorwEpikz 3 years ago I'm a MSc student in particle physics and I must say that these are some of the most well made videos on theoretical physics in layman's terms I've ever seen. Many other pop-science videos on youtube can't maintain accuracy when simplifying the concepts and making them aesthetic and captivating, but you have managed to do both. It's a great accomplishment! I have a question: Do you think modern physics have been established for so long that it's time to teach it from the start, and skip the "detour" through classical physics that traditional teaching does? On the one hand, classical physics teaches you how to work with a physical model that can be cross-checked with your everyday physical intuition, on the other hand it reinforces intuition that you later have to unlearn when learning modern physics. But maybe this unlearning is good, since that is probably what we need to do anyways for the (hopefully) next paradigm shift? Studying several incompatible models might make us more open to new models? 18 Reply 1 reply @kikivoorburg 2 years ago I only just realised that your diagram for a spinor is a vector on a Möbius loop!!! I’d recently noticed the connection between moving around such a loop and spinor behaviour, but only now did I realise you had indicated it subtly in this video already! 2 Reply @Rotem_S 4 years ago As someone currently learning QFT, yeah this is very good. Also note that apart from the standard model, one can use this exact formulation in other contexts to a great effect (for example in condensed matter physics, where we have some special symmetries and behaviours that are just not possible in nature or in particle accelerators) 8 Reply 3 replies @kyoto9916 3 years ago I've never seen such a good and simple description of something so seemingly complex. And it's mind-blowing that someone actually once came up with this concept by merely observing the universe 4 Reply @ericchin739 2 years ago PERFECT guitar string explanation!! It's called "The Harmomic Series" and it's what music theory is all based around! Reply @mikeytrw 4 years ago This video brought so many concepts I've read about together, and visualised them in such a way I had a 'wow' moment. Thank you. 6 Reply @wtfjohny5472 4 years ago (edited) This is the most breathtaking and interesting video explanation I’ve ever seen! 5 Reply @aunumever 1 year ago This is the intro everyone needs and probably the best video I’ve ever watched. One that I will keep rewinding to understand. Reply @raysubject 4 years ago Another amazing piece. Man, you're making best "easy to understand explanation of complex things" i ever saw on youtube .. first your general relativity visualisation and now this .. GREAT 14 Reply @ph6560 4 years ago Woow, Alessandro is good! These physics visualisations and explanations are - without exaggeration - some of the best I've seen on youtube. Please keep making more! 8 Reply ScienceClic English · 1 reply @duri7334 6 months ago CZK 20.00 Man you have no idea how much you have helped me in understanding our universe. I've had that aha moment so many times with your videos. Thanks a lot! 1 Reply @serenityindeed 4 years ago Very nice, describing the roll of spin for various fields really helped build up my intuition. Thanks! 4 Reply @Rationalific 4 years ago (edited) 1:46 - "In this video, we build together Quantum Field Theory". "Hell, yeah!" In the end, I think you put in a lot more work than I did on this venture... In fact, WOW! I don't know what is more astounding...the quantum world or that such a deep yet understandable and visually compelling video could be produced. Amazing job to those involved! 7 Reply @davidcavaliere1525 3 years ago I have t studied quantum physics, but have been saying for years that our universe is quantum, the big is the small and the small is the big . Your video was very well presented and I understood everything. 2 Reply 1 reply @jacksontriffon5064 4 years ago Best visualisation of quantum mechanics! You'll get heaps of subs soon enough 🙌 7 Reply @kieferonline 4 years ago Hats off to the creator of this video. Really good script and excellent visuals! 4 Reply @willywalter6366 11 months ago Outstanding!!!! Some of the best stuff on the internet! I could not even have imagined how great you brought this not trivial topic to interested masses! You contribution has a strong impact on the better understanding of reality and humanity! Great and Thank you! 1 Reply @albertrenshaw4252 3 years ago This is one of the greatest videos I have ever seen. I wish so desperately I could animate like this to visually describe some thoughts I have. 3 Reply @Chrisbajs 4 years ago 13:19 Eureka-moment for me. THIS IS the electromagnetic force! 99 Reply 14 replies @richerite 1 year ago Wow, hats off for this video! Brilliantly animated, QFT is even more mind blowing than I thought. 1 Reply @cube_cup 2 years ago I'm consistently impressed by how well you simplify and explain the necessity of things. Within 2 minutes you shows not just that we have fields, but why it's necessary we have something like fields. You don't just explain fields have internal symmetries, but also show why their nature necessitates these. If there has ever been a channel that could make M theory digestible and captivating, it's this channel 4 Reply @Ringleader17 4 years ago Oh- wow, that was actually quite amazing; I've never thought of repulsion forces in that way. 5 Reply @oliverplougmand2275 2 months ago This is one of the best videos I’ve EVER watched. Brilliant explanations Reply @dox1755 4 years ago I just found your channel recently and its awesome ! If Feynmann was living today and tries to do some Youtube videos he would do exactly like you, slowly but connectively progressing throught the procces and let every audience to understand the idea ! 4 Reply @anthropomorphichuman 2 years ago (edited) This is an amazing explanation, wonderfully done. Great job - I think a lot of people have had concepts snap into place after watching this visualisation. Great soundtrack choice, too 10 Reply @davidwright8432 2 years ago I wish I'd had this video when starting quantum mechanics in undergrad physics! It has two crucial qualities: It's clear, and it conveys the basic ideas without distorting them. The devil is in the details such an account can't discuss; but at a qualitative level, leaving out horrendous mathematical detail, this is superb. Thanks! 1 Reply @umi3017 4 years ago Physicist: spinor Me: oh, you mean USB(typeA) connector? 412 Reply 7 replies @davidadams421 4 years ago OMG! That was awesome!! I have never before understood quantum spin, figured I just wasn't clever enough to grasp this concept. Turns out, I just needed the right tutor. Mind-blowingly good visualisations. Outstanding production. Sub'd on this video alone. 5 Reply @dan7291able 2 years ago Man, when he gets to the Standard Model part, where he explains the fields -> their spin and which corresponding particle is attached to it, it just really puts it all in perspective..as best it can be lol 2 Reply @StephenDix 2 years ago This is one of the greatest meditation videos I have ever seen. Please make more in this exact style. It's one thing to learn a little about quantum mechanics, but it is a far deeper thing to come face to face with the sheer quantity and importance of the things I still do not know. It's humbling in the best way. 4 Reply @zucc4764 2 years ago this is an awesome explanation of how electrons repel each other and how they fit within a quantum field. really appreciate how you hit us with Feynman diagrams without making it look too hard to digest. also makes me appreciate how close we are to arriving to a theory of everything. excited about what comes next in QFT. 3 Reply @ToroidalX 1 year ago Ok WTF. This was amazingly explained. I've never seen such an awesome explanation of quantum field theory. It's insane 1 Reply @sxbmissive 4 years ago I’ve been watching a video or two of yours (or 3 or 4) each night for about a week, and on every occasion, I am amazed at how well you explain and animate/visualize these complicated topics. Way to go! 6 Reply @AntonAdelson 4 years ago Best graphics I've ever seen!! Top level! Sharing and subscribing! Hope you get lots of money from this! 5 Reply @danielrushing4702 3 months ago i ain't going to lie you just connected so much knowledge together it is not even funny. I finally understand electromagnetism. The example you give with the two electrons is simple but once you realise the possibities it just reinforces the beaty of the universe Reply @thattwodimensionalant4626 4 years ago Awesome video. Seriously, thank you for the great content. 5 Reply ScienceClic English · 1 reply @mohammedkhan4990 4 years ago Excellent presentation!!! Thank you. 4 Reply @kevinplante1667 11 months ago This is the best explaination i've seen so far, it really makes all that quantum theory voodoo more understandable to a layman Reply @MelvinKoopmans 4 years ago (edited) Absolutely amazing! Keep up this work 👌🏻. I would be very interested in a video about the holographic principle, string theories or visualizations of the difficulty of integrating relativity with quantum mechanics (quantum foam etc.) 😊 Also.. how are those quantum field theories verified experimentally? 9 Reply 1 reply @sidewinderxx 4 years ago the guitar analogy gave me the clearest understanding of quantum mechanics that i've ever heard 6 Reply @philippethomas1057 1 month ago Theses are just the best quantum physics videos I have ever seen in my life !! It's perfect Reply @praneelpathak2911 2 years ago As an amateur and aspiring physicist, you are a great source of knowledge for me. Please never stop uploading. 3 Reply @pmadjidi 4 years ago All physics education should start with general relativity and quantum filed theory, currently the physics education is upside down, starting with newtonian physics.... Quantum field theory beautifully explained in this content!! 6 Reply 9 replies @anteeko 1 year ago I could not get my mind around the idea of an objet having to spin two time to return to the initial possible.. and visualised it using a mobius strip! Genius! Reply @Sancarn 4 years ago (edited) Love the step by step approach and the visualisations :) I actually felt I understood this stuff to some degree from the visualisations alone! Being a very visual learner - this really helped. Somewhat amazed the exchange of virtual particles (and ultimately the average of all combinations) can result in the appearance of forces. Did you create some software which made those interaction visualisations? Or was each frame sort-of hand crafted? Also, what's the deal with red, green and blue particles? - Are these just used as an explanation for how the strong force works? 5 Reply ScienceClic English · 3 replies @darkshao51 4 years ago Great video as always!! Post it on reddit! 5 Reply ScienceClic English · 1 reply @malaka1324 6 months ago I watch this channel over and over again. Just refresh my mind I'm a total layman but love all of this information. And by far this is the best explanation I've ever heard of physics and all the channels I've watched!! ❤❤❤ Reply @maxholmes7884 4 years ago Love these videos! Keep it up 6 Reply ScienceClic English · 1 reply @spacekettle2478 4 years ago "How is it, that an electron coming from the far reaches of the cosmos, has exactly the same mass or charge as an electron in an apple?" Mind. Blown. 110 Reply 12 replies @gregbynon9403 2 months ago I was first introduced to Quantum Mechanics in 1984. I've seen a lot of videos tying to visualize fields and particle interactions. This is the best yet! Looking forward to more. I subscribed straight away! Thank you so much! Reply @mohammedaayachi3828 4 years ago I see Feynman diagrams there! I believe this deserved to be mentioned 4 Reply 1 reply @emin62bek 4 years ago I don’t Unterstand as I wish I would, but its Nevertheless incredible to Look at and Listen to aswell Thumbs up! 8 Reply @soneriftar 11 months ago whoever you are you are the best instructor on the most serious level. humanity needs you to instruct everything. ufortunately i am not joking. Reply @Tim_Climie 4 years ago "So, here we are going to explain reality. First thing, forget reality!" 12 Reply @GG-ey5ng 4 years ago C’est parfait; je peux faire ma physique et mon anglais en même temps :) Merci 6 Reply @primosprey 8 months ago The standard model as a collection of fields with fluctuations instead of that of particles really opened my mind, thank you ScienceClic! Reply 1 reply @TheeFlashbackMan 3 years ago me watching the first half of the video: okay cool cool, i barely understand him: it's time to turn our field into a quantum field 5 Reply @surig9018 4 years ago Give him noble prize for being best teacher. 🙏 6 Reply @yookalaylee2289 3 years ago Unbelievable that this is free to watch. Extremely advanced subjects condensed into something the average person can digest. The narration and imagery are so succinct. Reply 2 replies @guillaumelanglois4511 4 years ago (edited) You just turned on the light in my mind about QFT. 5 Reply 1 reply @goatmeal5241 4 years ago "How to talk to your kids about Quantum Field Theory" 35 Reply 1 reply @cebas7 1 year ago i recognise this channel's way of explaining is BRILLIANT ! THANKS FOR TEACHING US ! Reply @technofeeling2462 4 years ago Watching this high makes me feel like the dumbest and most intelligent person at the same time. 20 Reply @LeonRomelNunez 4 years ago It was badass when he said "electromagnetic force" 79 Reply 3 replies @netopir3804 2 years ago The precisely paced narration with this timbre of mysterious clarity spoken in an appealing accent is what brings this excellent video really to life…shoutout to the narrator! Reply @Franerocksyeah 3 years ago Holy shit this is an awesome video , kudos for you 4 Reply @pixelated_monke 2 years ago (edited) Wow, gud vid, learned a lot about electromagnetism 7 Reply 1 reply @stevewhitt9109 2 years ago When you said "In a way, the anti-particle is the complex conjugate or the ordinary particle." a "photon occurred" in my brain. You say things that always enrich my knowledge on the subject. Thanks Reply @blockify 3 years ago the amount of people in the comments stating their PhD lmao... 9 Reply 1 reply @gideonmaxmerling204 4 years ago Question, aren't photons the result of an interaction between fields (electric and magnetic), and not a field of their own? Also, are there any more particles which aren't just excitations but also interactions between fields? 4 Reply 2 replies @doodelay 2 years ago (edited) This is the closest I've heard anyone come to explaining where the laws of physics and the properties of particles actually come from. I am legitimately mindblown to think we've come this far in understanding our world. Reply @TannerCLynn 4 years ago Imagine where we would be today if this video could be sent back 100 or 150 years ago.. 5 Reply 1 reply @AjejeB 4 years ago This video rocks! 4 Reply @maksimrakhman 10 months ago Excellent!! Thank you so much for SHOWING it and making it tangible. Perhaps, the best physics series I’ve seen on YouTube Reply @dan0_0nad76 4 years ago Confused as hell but I appreciate the cool animations 5 Reply @ajaykumar-ve5oq 4 years ago this is like meeting god and asking to show true picture of reality 24 Reply 1 reply @CosmicChroniclesTV1 5 months ago This is the best explanation of QFT I've ever heard. This video is really good. Don't know how to describe it exactly but thank you!! Reply @t_h_e_o4303 4 years ago (edited) 11:23 isn't this described by those Feynman diagrams? 6 Reply ScienceClic English · 1 reply @TforThought 4 years ago why u have so less veiws as compered to the content u provide. 27 Reply 6 replies @thegreatreverendx 2 years ago This is the clearest, most lucid explanation of anything regarding quantum mechanics or particle physics I’ve ever seen. If all physics classes can be taught like this, I imagine we’d have a lot more working physicists. Reply @PauloSamurai 4 years ago Our universe is RGB pixalated in a quantum level! Cool! 6 Reply 2 replies @SeanGilchrist 4 years ago I view the mathematical objects diagram as a periodic table more fundamental than the standard model. 7 Reply ScienceClic English · 1 reply @erbsbischof 6 months ago Best video on the topic I've ever seen. Excellent visuals, a masterpiece! Reply @bennybooboobear3940 4 years ago It really feels illegal to watch this. Like, I really, really, REALLY should be paying for this. 5 Reply @ricardasist 4 years ago This doesn't explain how the fields themselves reach a lower energy state by having interactions. It seems that the electron would be as likely to get closer to the other electron as it would be repelled. 6 Reply 1 reply @craigwatson4460 1 year ago This is easily the most informative video I've ever seen on QFT. Thanks for all the time you put into this, and thanks for finally making it clear what spin and charge actually might be in a physical sense. Reply @jooky87 4 years ago Damn, these visuals are epoc 5 Reply @aurelienlecuyer 4 years ago Bravo les Français 😆👌 6 Reply 1 reply @AtifShahab_-c_ROLL 8 months ago This is literally the best visual explanation of QFT out there!! Reply @MultiSciGeek 4 years ago I feel like "microscopic" is a bit of an overestimation 7 Reply 4 replies @charleshudson5330 3 years ago A beautifully done video. It really explains QFT very nicely. But I must say, as a physicist, unless you know the maths - vectors, complex numbers, fields, statistics, QM - you will never truly understand how 'observational reality' is mathematically modeled. Starting with Michael Faraday and James Maxwell, experimental physics stated to become abstractly modeled. We must never forget that all mathematical models 'represent' and 'explain' observed phenomena, but are not themselves the phenomena. As Kant said: the representation of a thing is not the thing itself. We can probably never really know the thing itself. 1 Reply @charlesdavis7940 2 years ago Great expansion. As a visual person struggling for years to understand particle physics and quantum mechanics, I find these to be the most understandable explanations I’ve found. Thank you. Reply @sachnrao 3 years ago One of the best videos I have ever seen. Thank you for doing this man. 1 Reply @alessiomasciandaro1022 1 year ago The animations make everything much more understandable! You sir are doing humanity a favor with these videos. Keep it up! Reply @SharperthanA 2 days ago I love this channel. I would love another visual math/physics breakdown like the GR series.. just saying... It inspried me to learn at a minimum, basic GR. Im now almost thru tensor calc. Your videos are inspirational! Reply @dannyaguirre4814 3 years ago Please continue to explain quantum mechanics and subjects in this particular method. It is the only way more people will stop being scared of it and consider pursuing it I think! I’ve just decided to continue beyond the scope of an electrical engineering BA at some point and dive into this. But more and more people working on this stuff is vital to contribute ideas that will continue to make progress! 1 Reply @ryangleason3559 1 year ago It’s truly a gift to have someone who’s put in the requisite cognitive labor to understand these concepts relay them to the rest of us in a way that stokes curiosity and intuition. I’ve gained so much from your content and your work is brilliant. thank you 🙏🔥 1 Reply @carlbussmann7559 9 months ago For me an exceptionally helpful video melding ST and QFT. 1 Reply @Poly6Groove 2 years ago (edited) You are actually make an average person understand the most complex theories in the universe with ease. Thank you about giving your gift of true knowledge to humanity 🙏🏽 Reply @starfleetactual1909 2 years ago Good video. Pat yourself on the back. Good graphics to explain what you are talking about. Not just some cc-0 space video thrown together in an editor. 1 Reply @psicologiajoseh 3 years ago I think the same as I read in a previous comment... Arguably one of the best science channels out there! You really can see how much he understands these topics as he explains them with so much propriety and simplicity. 2 Reply @tim40gabby25 3 years ago Very concise use of language.. not a word wasted. Impressive. Reply @YuanpuLi 1 year ago you are amazing to explain all these difficult ideas in such simple way. Reply @gregorylupton2330 1 year ago This is the best explanation of qft I have seen. Excellent job. And I agree - brilliant explanation of spin! Reply @manog8713 3 years ago Fantastic presentation of complex concepts in Phyics in a short video. Thank you. 1 Reply @timelsen2236 3 months ago THANKYOU SO MUCH. This has helped me understand the resultant electromagnetic force in a definitive way while texts were much too difficult to follow to the conclusion. I was very confused by photon exchange being able to cause attraction between electrons. Considering recoil repulsion is in line with what we see in experiments, while grabbing photons remained a paradox to me for decades. Finally, I see the meaning of summing over all Feynman diagrams! Reply @raiden542 1 year ago You have sparked a hidden passion and wonder i never knew existed. Amazing with 2 fields and 3 interactions possible or rules you can already describe the Electromagnetic Force. I love it. Reply @theseusswore 9 months ago 13:30 this was the moment i almost broke down into tears. incredible. simply incredible. i love how smart we are, good GOD i love scientists Reply @dondeestamanana 3 years ago Wow, best explanation of the unexplainable I have ever encountered. Everything I need to know about quantum field theory. Reply @cam_8528 2 years ago these are really good animations. i learned why like charges repel and opposite charges attract. the animations really helped me visualize this. Reply @Kowzorz 2 years ago Phenomenal visuals and explanation. You opened a new understanding in my mind. 1 Reply @sunnykaura8397 3 years ago This is an outstanding explanation that brings so many threads together. When someone can make something very complicated sound clear and simpler for you, you know they have a proper grasp of the subject matter. 2 Reply @musings_from_eternalmoor 6 months ago Been watching a lot of content on this subject and this is very well done. Thanks a ton! Reply @PrasadNarse 2 years ago (edited) Simplifying the quantum theory with visual representation is an eye opener! Thanks so much for the simplified expressions! Reply @stokecostokeco9978 3 years ago Seems like the best place to ask this question. As we consider field theory, bosons, up/down quarks, fermion fields etc and we know "time" changes nearer mass. I'm at the point of, another way to view mass is that a individual fields passage/string vibration - geometry fit or combines with another, well, like a jigsaw that allows yet another vibration or geometry to fit in with the first mix . field's combining through attraction (strong/weak and/or others forces) creating more mass and adding more mass through the same forces in a single point creating larger and larger distributions slowly bending/catching/causing more and other string vibrations or geometries to obey/follow the path taken. This coalescing draws in more parallel fields wether the same field or more in turn (at large enough size) shape the field not in straight lines but curved lines that when interacting slow/make distances longer traveled (from a frame of reference) be the force of gravity and the time dilation that we see. Word salad and a novice I might add. Reply @emergentform1188 2 years ago Bloody amazing stuff! Some of the best content on youtube IMO. Reply @OlivierPovel 2 years ago Finally aan understandable description. Let me watch this a few times and I understand qft in a way never before. Thanks. Reply @Ss-nz5mf 3 years ago Thank you for the video.. You make it so much easier to understand science than others..by the way how you present.. 1 Reply @marextrem1 3 years ago I am a new student on your Channel, thank you! ... Greetings from Ecuador !! ... Great job .. Congratulations !! Reply @SebastianSchepis 2 years ago This is one of the best summary videos of quantum field theory I've seen. Excellent work. Reply @veo_ 2 years ago (edited) this is such a elucidating video. I've come back to it multiple times, and each time I understand it more and more. I just watch it again for the first time in a while and it's even more educational. It's kind of exciting The first time I watch this video I didn't understand any of it but was fascinated. through my own auto didactic studies I now anticipate what they're going to say and it explains things so well it clarifies my mental image and intuition of what is going on. The visual field description of the electron - electron interaction in what amounts to a series of Feynman diagrams, concluding as an explanation of the electromagnetic force is entirely brilliant. 1 Reply @bcghosty 6 months ago Thank you, thank you! Wonderful explanation and visual representation. This helps tremendously. Reply @michaelransom5841 3 years ago seriously on the mark.. these videos make it so much easier to explain these concepts to others! Reply @Shurikvav 1 year ago If veritasim is a pre-care education, this channel is sixth-seventh grade:) awesome!! I subscribed just a few days ago, but already watched a dozen of your videos! Reply @DreasAscent 3 years ago These are great visuals for such a complex topic. Thanks for this! 1 Reply @tommychobo3537 2 years ago The visualizations are amazing and super helpful! 2 Reply @thesuperginge1348 3 years ago Incredible. I got lost a couple of times, but considering how concise it is, and I'm tired; the fact that I almost fully understood it shows how well it has been written and illustrated! 1 Reply @experienceofchris1108 6 months ago Wow one of the best videos on this topic i have seen that explain it so thoroughly at an understandable level. Thank you for this I’m checking out more of your stuff Reply @stevewhitt9109 3 years ago Very BEST video on QFT that I have ever seen! And I have seen many. Love your channel. Reply @johnterry6541 2 years ago What an amazingly beautiful and powerful description. And, amazing video illusions to go along with it. Allowed appreciation for the universe at quantum level. Reply @stevenhoman2253 2 years ago As a recent subscriber who stumbled across your channel, it is gratifying to see such fine representations and explications of dynamic quantum fields. Keep up the fine work. 2 Reply @jonirubik5374 2 years ago You do such a good job at explaining things so that everyone can understand it! Reply @tonysantos6345 3 years ago Wow. I simply loved this video. So comprehensive yet so clear. Help me learn. Reply @Duffynez 3 years ago BY FAR THE BEST explanation of the QFD I have ever seen. Well done! Reply @idanshemesh3905 3 years ago You, my friend, deserve a sub. One of the best videos I've seen on this topic Reply @OriginalFrozenJoe 2 years ago That is a very solid video, well done. It is not easy to explain let alone visualize quantum mechanics and you all did this seemingly with ease. Reply @ganesh28787872 2 years ago (edited) Amazing , I appreciate this efforts to bring reality in most simplicit and presentable way..Hats off I request if you could compare classical and quantum fields theories and their relevance , applications and its future Reply @jamesmckenzie4572 2 years ago That was fantastic. I really had to concentrate to keep my mind from wandering a couple of times but made it through successfully to a fruitful end. Thanks. I'll watch it again and share on my Facebook page. Reply @epajarjestys9981 3 years ago Wow, this is awesome. Thanks for this intuitive visualization and explanation. One thing I still don't understand, however, is how special relativity comes into the picture here. Reply @marextrem1 3 years ago It is my first time, on your Channel and I was fascinated with your work. Please go ahead. Excellent work. Reply @freedombeach9238 2 years ago Wow, that's been presented in the best way I could ever imagine - thank you so much! Reply @SlaveKGael 3 years ago Just found this channel today enjoyed the black hole video and a few others. straight to the point and easy to follow you get my follow good sir. Reply @PhilipLeitch 2 years ago Great video. Informative and great visuals. I had to play on 2x to hear it at normal speed, but otherwise really great. Reply @Hablo74 3 years ago Amazing! At least after more than 10 years of looking at the subject I can tell I've visualized a QFT!!! Great work! Reply @victorj.3226 3 years ago Thank you for providing such a wonderful visual presentation of the quantum field theory! Reply @harissiddiqui4306 2 years ago This is amazing, breathtaking explanation of such a complex subject! Reply @samicalvo4560 3 years ago I really liked the way you've done this video. It's shows how can physical theories be formed by an "axiomatic system" (imposing certain symmetries) and then the fundamental interactions naturally follow from that. It also makes me think about physics not being a real description of our universe but just an approach Reply 1 reply @davidsansom2553 3 years ago Outstanding, the best explanation of fields, classical and quantum, symmetries, and spin I have ever encountered. I love your videos on General Relativity. Kudos to you 😊 Reply @ballofixen 3 years ago This channel blows my mind every single time. Reply @MTEXX 2 years ago I've noticed you make your own graphics and they are both effective and consistent across your channel. THAT I think is one of your fundamental forces : ) Reply @sanisura6997 9 months ago Where were these kind of videos when i was in school? This is so much interesting and fun than ever Reply @ShredEngineerPhD 2 years ago 11:24 This is the glorious moment I finally understood virtual photons. Thank you, ScienceClic! Reply @chris.hinsley 1 year ago Superb visualisations ! Really excellent. Reply @jzeerod 3 years ago that was awesome! i really like the way you described time and moved the electrons through the "spime" it would be the same for people moving through time. if the past present and future are all real and happening at once, this is how a person would look, like a long worm like thing. as earth rotates and goes around the sun, with the sun moves around the galactic center, as the galaxy moves away from every other galaxy with the expansion of space. it would be a big hazy smudge. our consciousness is just an infinitesimal slice, imagine if a godlike creature took a snapshot, we would resolve into our human form, but they wouldnt know where we were going, or how fast we were moving. Reply @Colony28 3 years ago Wow! This is so accessible, beautiful, and simple to follow. I totally love it. Reply @engCybernetics 2 years ago This video was amazing!! Thank you guys a lot. I can only imagine how hard it must be to abstract this complex topic down to this. Keep it up 👍 Reply @hermosafieldsforever4782 2 years ago One of my favorite videos on YT! Q. Anyone out there know what a Lepton looks like? Reply @matpomp 2 years ago I'm flabbergasted. This is brilliant. Amazing explanation and visual. 1 Reply @Sol-3468 2 years ago $5.00 Thanks! Reply @ytbcancerpl9631 1 year ago I ve understood less than 50% of it, but Iam so god damn impressed :o Quantum Physic got to be soooooooooooo incredible! Reply @mariop5887 5 months ago Thanks to you and Thomas for this amazing video. Reply @bradleycheek8520 2 years ago I love the overtones analogy for superposition Reply @sukhrajhothi1542 2 years ago I HOPE YOU CONTINUE TO MAKE VIDEOS ABOUT QUANTUM MECHANICS FOR YEARS TO COME -- THIS WAS PERFECT Reply @B22-i9k 1 year ago MERCI pour ces représentations graphiques et ces explications claires Reply @sammikinsderp 3 years ago I learned so much from this. What an amazing channel. Reply @confusedfey9192 1 year ago I'm an ecology student and have always struggled with physics and chemistry but this was a wonderful way to illustrate an aspect of it Reply 1 reply @mikeman4223 2 years ago (edited) This is probably the best visualization I've seen so far! Got to say though, I'm still a bit unsure if I understand what is a quantum field and how it relates to virtual particles. Is it correct to say that that the photon field is the EM field made to work with quantum mechanics? That is, in classical field theory, the source of the EM field(an electron) has a definite position and momentum each instant, so the EM field also has a definite (vector) value at each point. But in QFT, the EM field is in a superposition of states, simply because its source(electron) is in a superposition of states? In that case, is it also reasonable to say that, in the "complete theory", electrons interact with each other(through the field) continuously, and in that case we wouldn't need the concept of "virtual photons" at all, but simply consider the EM field to evolve smoothly at all times, with "virtual particles" simply being states of the field that "flash" momentarily and disappear, but leave some measurable impact that can affect the end state of the real particles? But since the equations for that case become unmanagable, we use perturbation theory? That is, we model a problem we don't know how to solve(moving electrons and fields interacting continuously) in terms of a problem we do know how to solve?(electron moves from A to B with potential remaining fixed, emits and absorbs photons in between)? Reply @sinohui3 3 years ago I read a physics book about the quantum when I was at university, I understood nothing. Saw this video, I understand everything now. Thank you. Reply @DreamDeepCR 2 years ago Brilliant explanation and presentation! Reply @o_sch 3 years ago 13:19 that was so badass how you said "this is the electromagnetic force" and then the music came in Reply @TM-zt9jt 2 years ago Late comer here 😣. Beautifully done! Thank you very much for this description. 1 Reply @Odqvist89 3 months ago This was a really good explanation. Many thanks! Reply @tommywhite3545 9 months ago That's quite good for a popular science video. Very good for such a short video even. Reply @Alan-im1ez 2 years ago 2 years and 52,000 likes? Kudos to the makers of this video, and a hell yea to us 52,000 +, the true few and the proud. Reply @falklumo 2 years ago This is top notch content on a level rarely found on YT. Nevertheless, this presentation lacks where it describes interactions. What is visualized here are interactions as described by Feynman graphs. However, this is not how QFT treats interactions proper, it is only what the so-called perturbation theory approximation yields. This works well for QED but fails for QCD. So, the visualization proposed here leads to a wrong intuition what forces are. Reply @shawnio 2 years ago these videos are insane man. thank you for these. great work 1 Reply @Ayyoub-z5z 3 months ago this was an amazing help into the develpment of my theory thank you! Reply @bacardibreezer24 3 years ago This is amazing - never understood the idea of spin before this. Reply @zhillan_arf 1 year ago The most mindblowing video I have ever watched. 1 Reply @SystemScientist 2 years ago Very good visualiztion and summary. Thanks Reply @bagelbeater 3 years ago The interactions section was a serious euraka! moment for me. Incredible video. 1 Reply @mov-song91 1 year ago Marvelous.... Video made understanding really easy to visualise.... 👏👏👏 Reply @TheKingOfVietnam 1 year ago This should be a must-watch homework for a student who just starts a QFT semester. I mean, there are two bad extremes which this video avoids: (i) over simplified popular-science animations you can find on YT, which lose a lot of essence of QFT by sacrificing all the details; (ii) purely mathematical approach, which makes a physics student wonder why do we even consider something like a scalar, vector or Dirac field at all? The first one makes a viewer believe we can get to particles level of abstraction too fast, gives him a bit of vague impression how Feynman diagrams relate to actual physics phenomena and that's all. The latter can make the learner doubt if the theory has any continuity with previously known physics theories or is rather a bunch of mathematical definitions, and make him not feel any purpose behind all these new theoretical structures. This video is cool, because it just the right level to be both intuitive for a newcomer and not to lose the essence of what is really going on in QFT. Reply @jeanettecook1088 2 years ago Time is not a dimension, but a term for interval. A book on this subject helped me understand symmetries and how our perceptions can fool us: The End of Time, by Julian Barbour. Fascinating work. Reply 3 replies @imad_uddin 2 years ago Incredible amount of hard work! God bless you ❤️ Reply @siliconcowboy2010 11 months ago This is really well explained, thank you! Reply @henrikl...1264 3 years ago This was really amazing. A perfect explanation. Reply @Ayyoub-z5z 3 months ago after finishing this visualization video i relised something very crazy and i think i might have moved a step closer into solving this and touching upon the theory of every thing i need a visulazation to my theory like that animation Reply @stevemuller8320 1 month ago 4:14 reminds me of a Möbius-strip - to draw a continuous line that connects back to the starting point without lifting your pen, you would need to make two turns! 1 Reply @Gounesh 2 years ago I can’t even right now. Astonishing lecture. Reply @stephanieparker1250 3 years ago Brilliantly done! I understand more, now! 🙌 1 Reply @Blackoutwhiteout23 2 years ago I like how his videos start with a powerpoint slide like template and then just transforms into batshit insane animations Reply @CosmicDarwinist 2 years ago This is one of the best videos on the internet Reply @mak675 3 years ago I have often said that questions are more relevant than answers, keeping our mind moving into ever expanding "fields"........ with that said, my mind is "spinning" from this video!!!!!! Reply 1 reply @hanneslaimer8851 3 years ago This was as interesting as it was good. Great video! Reply @ThePicklish 3 years ago brilliantly visualised and explained Reply @michaelking7701 3 years ago When he showed that the electrons repelled each other my mind was blown. After many years of learning about this on my own, it all came together in that one moment. Reply @tashawn2222 3 years ago This is incredibly described and visualized. Reply @13371138 3 years ago I wish I could like this 50x more times. Excellent. Reply @HomeGunMaker 3 years ago This is the first video that actually explained how a force works with its virtual particles! 👏🏻 Reply @KaliFissure 3 years ago Great succinct presentation w awesome graphics. 👍🖖 Reply @ranjanjoshi3454 2 years ago Excellent presentation I am trying to understand Reply @coolcat23 1 year ago (edited) Excellent explanations and visualisations! Does a spinor imply the existence of more than three spatial dimensions? It seems to me that any pure 3D object would have to have spin 1. Adding another dimension appears to make it possible to let a 360° rotation not be the identity operation. The only other explanation I have is that interaction free rotation does not exist, but any object rotating around a spinor (including an observer) twists its relationship(s) to the spinor and must rotate twice around the spinor to untwist the relationship(s). Reply @xavierjackson1518 2 years ago Finally learned what spin is, thank you! 1 Reply @akshatgaur1917 8 months ago One of the best videos on this topic.. Reply @kylebowles9820 2 years ago This is a pretty nice explanation 1 Reply @Shackled 3 years ago From my research into the gravitational constant I have come to the conclusion that we need to re-frame how we think of time, especially within strong gravitational fields. If time has mass, like many physicists are thinking at the moment I would say we need to see how it applies to the Higgs Boson. I would even go as far as to say that the HB may be the fundamental particle of time and gravity. The Higgs Boson also seem to just be polar opposite of the photon and more thinking needs to be done around that too. Reply @Adityarm.08 3 years ago this really was amazing. thank you. 2 Reply @petroflorence7962 2 years ago This distrbenc in feald would be nice to look inside it to see how it forms and dissipates and we're it has gone and how it change to go in other place or just changed to something ready fo be used again when it's triggered Reply @idegteke 1 year ago 1:19 electrons from “a galaxy far-far away” has the same mass and charge AS WE MEASURE THEM but not necessarily when they used to be (or will be) far away. I suspect that only certain particles (like photons) and radiations (like cosmic background) reach us, and they fade into undiscoverable through an apparent “red shift” not due to the increasing expansion of our universe but something entirely different that we only model as waves and Doppler-effect for our limited purposes. We only have hammers therefore we can only discover hardware stores everywhere with quasi infinite amount of nails. Reply @jacquacooper 6 months ago oh this made sooooo much more things simplified, thank you! Reply @atrixgamers8577 2 years ago A real one always finds time to brush up on quantum field theory Reply @nadyaivanova1713 4 months ago Thank you very much for your work! Reply @NikolasTL_EXP 4 months ago Speaking as a physicist, this is SUCH an exceptional explanation of QFT. 1 Reply @travishedgpeth8698 3 years ago This is a spectacular explanation. Reply @darudeSandstorm. 1 year ago Wow these animations were top level!!! Reply @il1177 3 years ago Amazing video! Quite helpful. Reply @christianmuller2863 2 years ago CHF 1.00 Danke! Reply @julioargumedo6722 1 year ago That "this is the electromagnetic force" phrase gave me the chills! 1 Reply @MoshkitaTheCat 2 years ago Thank you for a well done job! Reply @vithalbhaipatel1013 3 years ago Well show. Good information. Well information. Reply @____uncompetative 6 months ago This is my favourite video on YouTube. Reply @ida.wendigo 2 years ago ALESSANDRO, YOU ARE THE BEST!!! THANK YOU SO MUCH! I LOVE YOUR CHANNEL! <3 Reply @aviira 1 year ago You are breaking my brain! Thank you. Reply @charlesdavis7940 2 years ago $9.99 Thanks! Reply @christianmuller2863 2 years ago CHF 1.00 Danke! Reply @bored833 1 year ago €2.00 Thanks! Reply @christianmuller2863 7 months ago CHF 2.00 Danke! Reply @alexp-w7p 4 months ago $4.99 Thanks! 1 Reply 1 reply @DavidBurt-y3v 3 months ago $1.99 Thanks! Reply @PAULGORDON-ki5zj 1 month ago $19.99 Thanks! Reply @zadeh79 2 years ago (edited) So interesting. Love the background music 1 Reply @bernardoveragua6110 3 years ago Beautiful explanation 1 Reply @thedeadnotsleeping 11 months ago I promise I do my best to keep up with these videos. And your graphics do such a good job explaining. But I’m lost on this one big dog. Gonna take a few more watches before I can begin to grasp. Reply 1 reply @AubreyLavigne 2 years ago As a non-physicist, I really appreciate this video. I'm roughly familiar with how Feynman Diagrams chart interactions between particles over time, but your visualizations helped me understand how the diagrams represent the interactions in the underlying fields. I'm wondering.. in the two electron interaction example, a "virtual photon" is emitted by one, absorbed by the other. I'm assuming it's called a "virtual photon" because the exchange happens in the photon field. How do the different fields interact with each other? Or is the concept of "different fields" just for convenience, where all of reality is just "field", as one tensor made up of all the other fields? Reply @Sokofeather 2 years ago It's always described as operational rules as if there's a cosmic bookkeeper every few Planck lengths making distant measurements. I would love to hear QM described as emergent properties rather than fields " imposing the rules of X theory. " Reply @BIGLIPID 2 years ago I watched this while working out and it was actually pretty interesting Reply @alexboehm7171 2 years ago the analogy at 12:23 was good!!!! Thank you!! 1 Reply @heraldhermes879 1 year ago Fantastic work, thank you. Reply @Yeebo__ 1 year ago I don't understand most of these, but that doesn't stop it from being fascinating. Reply @robertkelly5025 7 months ago This is fantastic! Thank you! Reply @sloosh2188 2 years ago This is probably the coolest thing I’ve ever seen. Reply 1 reply @Subutai2024 3 years ago Very good video. Thank you! Reply @FindStoicism 2 years ago amazing explanation. thank you Reply @gagnong4738 1 year ago Extremely well done. Reply @steventhehistorian 1 year ago thank you for sharing this with the world. Reply @PaleBlueDott 2 years ago (edited) Questions: 1) What makes a quantum possibility more important than another? Why do, in your example, electrons repel each other? Why don't the overall quantum possibilities lead to a force of attraction instead? 2) Why is their multiple fields? What determines their number and characteristics? 3) Does this theory indicate our universe, at least on the microscopic scale, is deterministic, since every less likely interaction cancels out and we're always left with the most likely quantum possibility Reply @danscieszinski4120 2 years ago 15:52 A single proton borrows it’s standing wave from its local spacetime. The borrowing mechanism is responsible for the deformation in the geodesics around and within the proton. One could predict the finite boundary of the protons gravity field if you could spread the protons mass energy quotient efficiently across Omni dimensional Planck volumes. Reply @SKhandleYT 2 years ago A very basic question before I get deeper in this fantastic explanatory video: difference between quantum mechanics and quantum physics? 🤔 Reply @AdamSmith-he3ju 3 months ago there is no better introduction to advanced physics than your series Reply @fredrikkarlsson1021 10 months ago I think im way to stupid to understand this fully but at the same time its so damn interesting! Such great videos! Reply @ParkinSongsiri 1 year ago I had no idea whta QFT was then i cam across this video and started to get the basics. Keep up the good work! (im 11 nobody asked) Reply 2 replies @MyXAHOB 3 years ago this is incredible. it seems like now i finally understand quantum world Reply @timothy8426 2 years ago Characteristics are familiar but are not identical. Relativity is similar to interactions with shared interactions of force, but points of interactions have changed dramatically. No exceptions. No two interactions are repeated. Individual differences are points of interactions within quatum exchanges of momentum and values of pressure in areas of forward momentum of energy decay or accumulation. Original individual designs are considered as perpetual motion moves the interactions between proximity interactions in constant maximum momentum velocity in resistance. Reply @jesussanchezherrero5659 2 years ago Great video. Could you make a Condensed Matter playlist if you feel comfortable explaining it? Reply @hodsbroo 2 years ago Another great video! Wonder what software was used to do the animations! They look great! 1 Reply ScienceClic English · 1 reply @spiralsun1 2 years ago (edited) This rocks. Thank you for this beautiful message and I love you 😘 👍🏻 A lot of people say this but in my case it’s actually true. Because to be “true” a theory has to fit with the patterns of everything else and particle physicists are “selected” for their ability to dive deep into particles. It’s a paradigm thing. I have been writing and researching the actual answer for 20 years and making THOUSANDS of predictions in every field because it is an actual theory of everything. Every single thing that exists. Even SpongeBob. Reply @ezsnova 1 year ago This channel is amazing 1 Reply @oioi9372 2 years ago (edited) We have 2d space with time attached, filled with quantum field of moving particles, disturbances, an energetic soup of fluctuations. This brought up a universe that contains of intertwined fields, each of which is constituted by different family of particles, namely: vector fields with spin 1, where we find photons, gluons, z and w bosons, then, spinner fields, with a spin of 1/2, where we find fermions that make matter like quarks, muons, electrons, neutrinos, and finally, higgs fields, with spin of 0. Most of field have internal simmetry which provides quantities that get conserved over time, and gives particle charge, that distinguish between particles. The presence of symmetry permits differentiation between positively and negatively caharged particles, therefore matter and anti matter. Exotic symmetries of quark fields assignes charge that introduces colour, which helps us to distinguis between groups of quarks. Reply @halg72 11 months ago Awesome. Learnt a lot as an electrical engineer. Reply @derkyarik_7298 2 years ago I did study clasic field theory, Electric, MAgnetic (Both, vectorial fields), and scalar fields (For instance, themperature). Also, learned the main operators for them , Gradient, Rotational, and divergence. Those, are on the MAxwell equations. I can acept QFT on its quantiation of energy, OK, but I have a question: ¿How , exactly, do a kind of field condensate in a region of space?. ¿What kind of 'string' hold this field, its energy, on some area?. Yes, Electron can be a field that 'condensate' on some point, and the rule to do this, is the same in all universe (This can be not true, if the way a field condensate to do a 'particle', can be affected by near conditions, such as others field, or tensor of this field from other sources). But even we accept this, ¿How 'condensate' the energy of the field to do a 'particle'? ¿What 'string' hold this ? And last, but not lest, question, a question for 30 years I have never see an answer: ¿How big is a 'photon'?. From signal theory, if it has a perfect frequency (All energy only on one frequency, say 'f')), then on spacial domine, on time domain, has a infinite size (Like the spectrum of a 'Dirac-Delta' on time, has infinite frequency spectrum, and the reverse so, if you have a pure sine wave, the time of this signal, expand on all times). So, from signal theory, if you have an 'individual' photon, with only one frequency on its spectrum, then,,,,, it is on all space. This can explain the two-splits-experiment. The E = h·V equation, is very nice, but under its simplicity, are more, and more complications. Thanks in advance. Javier. Reply @Challenging_Reality 3 years ago I just found ur channel and I am simple amazed. this is beautiful. I have a little bit off topic question, with which software were made the animations ? After effects ? :D Reply @oliya_b 9 months ago Wow, that's insanely beautiful 😮 1 Reply @SilconOne 10 months ago In discussions about quantum mechanics and the probabilistic nature of particle positions and momenta, what specific time interval are you referring to when you mention "time"? For example, if time were theoretically frozen, wouldn't the position and momentum be definite? How does the choice of time interval (such as seconds or Planck time) influence the probabilistic descriptions in quantum mechanics? Reply @gershommaes902 3 years ago Fantastic video! I have some questions especially around the field interactions. PLEASE HELP if you would like to :^) - Around 11:26 we see an example of a virtual photon interacting with 2 electrons. The image suggests the photon "connects" the two electrons - but as far as I understand, the virtual photon is a result of random fluctuations in the photon field, and should have no awareness of where electrons may be manifesting. How does the virtual photon "know how to" connect the electrons? - What is truly happening when fields interact with each other? Field interactions allow pairs of electrons to absorb photons (causing the electrons to generally diverge from each other). It seems during this interaction the photon ceases manifesting - so the fluctuation curve in the photon field at that region becomes flattened (no area under the curve)? And in the electron field there is amplitude at the locations of the 2 electrons - this amplitude isn't affected by the interaction, but somehow the regions of amplitude will now tend to move apart from each other as time progresses? It sounds like energy hasn't been conserved; energy seems to have been taken from the photon field, and not paid back in the electron field (or elsewhere). Can anyone detail how energy is conserved here? (And how the electrons "know" to diverge from each other?) I had to think a lot to pound out this flustered comment, and now I'm left more confused than ever :^( 1 Reply 1 reply @ishtar0077 3 years ago Love vision learning. To me it becomes more interesting to watch