Announcement of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Announcement of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize 638K subscribers Subscribe 1.7K Share Download Clip Save 63,048 views Streamed live on Oct 9, 2024 #NobelPrize The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 with one half to David Baker, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, “for computational protein design” and the other half jointly to Demis Hassabis, Google DeepMind, London, UK and John M. Jumper, Google DeepMind, London, UK “for protein structure prediction”. #NobelPrize © Nobel Prize Outreach Live stream terms of use: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/abo... Transcript Follow along using the transcript. Show transcript Nobel Prize 638K subscribers Videos About Facebook Twitter 61 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... @zorqis 1 day ago Very good laudation presentation for one of the highest impact achievements in the history of Nobel Prizes in Chemistry. Note that AI was just a tool here, the Prize was awarded to people's ingenuity and work. 23 Reply 1 reply @DunDun-e43 1 day ago I just can not believe it has been 10 years already since the Go challenge, seems only like yesterday. Congrats Dennis 21 Reply @MictheEagle 1 day ago If you do not think that this is deserved, think twice. 47 Reply 1 reply @Mokhtaramara2996 9 hours ago This prize of chmistry must be named for "Chemistry and life sciences" 2 Reply @bzqp2 1 day ago The Polish guy is very good at asking the right questions - both today and yesterday. 2 Reply @batchrocketproject4720 1 day ago (announcement starts at 15:00) Congratulations to worthy winners, monumental achievements that open myriad possibilities for discovery and invention. The summaries in the presentation were pitched perfectly, thank you. 11 Reply @syphonfilter2290 1 day ago Theme Park video game designer wins CHEMISTRY nobel prize. 😮 Alan Turing is proud 😢 2 Reply @rejenraju4778 1 day ago What do you think about most proteins being a 3 dimensional structure?? 2 Reply @drbwhit 16 hours ago What a breathtaking accomplishment. Im so proud of these the folks!! The importance of this breakthrough cannot be overstated. Im so blown away 2 Reply @8j8j8j 1 day ago Here Comes a New Era 7 Reply @CG119Animator 1 day ago (edited) This makes more sense than the physics one 2 Reply @biswanathmukherjee4622 10 hours ago (edited) It is my great delight that I came to know the phenomenon of protein and its computational design in my lifetime. I wish to thank all the scientists for their great endeavours in human history. Reply @돼지-n8q 1 day ago singularity is near.. 6 Reply 1 reply @aboundlessworker.mazhar 1 day ago (edited) Physics nobel prize = ai Chemistry nobel prize = biology + ai 41 Reply 4 replies @keepcalm7453 1 day ago Congratulations to the trio!!❤🙏🎉💯🎉🙏❤ 1 Reply @backstrapped 1 day ago What does this work mean for abiogenesis? Reply @girmaytesfaybelay3457 1 day ago Good to know what it means to the future of humanity given the challenges we are facing in this century and beyond. Reply @FlaskFlash168 1 day ago Very Well! Congratulations to all the hard work the days with no sleep finally payed off! Reply @-AkhilTej- 1 day ago 🎯💎🏆 Great insightful & fruitful video 🏆💎🎯 लोकः समस्ताः सुखिनो भवन्तु ( May all beings lead prosperous life across Globe 🌍 ) Reply @blindr01 1 day ago Woo hoo! Well deserved! 4 Reply @kusumrameshsaliankr9660 1 day ago Congratulations💐💐 Reply @Wynb824 1 day ago Marks the era of AI and deep learning Reply @tapu_ 1 day ago 0:0 Announcement starts at 15:30 Reply @FayazahmadahangerFayazah-cf1dv 10 hours ago 🎉🎉 Reply @mlengineer101 1 day ago 🎉🎉 1 Reply @rohullahkarimi744 1 day ago We live in the world of AI 1 Reply @brunty6595 14 hours ago I believe in a few more years, taxonomy and classification will meet their standards and will win nobel prize Reply @drkhorshid 1 day ago ❤❤🎉🎉🎉 Reply @rearview2360 1 day ago Congrats Demmis!!! Reply @safiulfaiyaz7038 1 day ago Let’s gooo 3 Reply @ALONEBOY-n8g 1 day ago ❤ 2 Reply @RudiPurwana-d6t 1 day ago The best of best and perffect fair in life is realistic base on what best human do and make not base on what they cant do or cant make not fantasy not fake ......that super fair for human those who can achivemnt life base on quality they are whorty nobel medal reward bonus Reply @HughChing 1 day ago In life science, should we first solve the problem complete automation so that we can create entities with permanent, such as life, rather than temporary, value? 1 Reply @farzinshokooh2085 1 day ago Congratulations. 1 Reply @prof.venkataraov.6722 1 day ago I am sure physics, chemistry, and biology labs are going to be rapidly replaced by AI programs 9 Reply 1 reply @jinsongzhang5700 11 hours ago We need AI to understand quantum mechanics. Reply @JazevoAudiosurf 1 day ago prediction: superintelligence will win the nobel prize in every category 12 Reply 1 reply @mpmoturi 1 day ago Wow! Another nobel prize today related to Deep Learning and Neural Networks based scientific discovery. 4 Reply 1 reply @ritvikg 1 day ago Another AI, and again shouldn't it be in biology? 7 Reply 4 replies @quika008 1 day ago Is the prize for an artificial neuron? 2 Reply 2 replies @andymardubas6564 1 day ago Meanwhile islamist trying to ruined this beautiful civilizazion Reply @amaxspace 1 day ago 🎉🎉 1 Reply First Reactions | David Baker, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 | Telephone interview Nobel Prize 638K subscribers Subscribe 321 Share Download Clip Save 12,490 views Oct 9, 2024 Nobel Prize Conversations “I got the phone call and my wife promptly started screaming.” News of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry gave David Baker’s household a very early wake up call. Here, just after the prize announcement, Baker speaks to the Nobel Prize’s Adam Smith about the exciting potential of building brand new proteins, the inspirational effect his fellow laureates have had on his field and whether it is necessary to understand how predictive algorithms work. © Nobel Prize Outreach. First Reactions terms of use: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/abo... Explore the podcast 85 episodes Nobel Prize Conversations Nobel Prize Podcasts Transcript Follow along using the transcript. Show transcript Nobel Prize 638K subscribers Videos About Facebook Twitter 11 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... @JeffreyPhilipson 1 day ago Amazing accomplishment! Congratulations to you and your work David Baker :) 1 Reply @musangu_m3 15 hours ago A warm congratulations to him! 1 Reply @keepcalm7453 1 day ago Many Congratulations Dr. Baker!!❤🙏🎉💯🎉🙏❤ 1 Reply @SanjayRaji-lq5mi 1 day ago Congrats Mr. Baker ❤🎉 Sanjay, Papua New Guinea Reply @alirezahekmati7632 11 hours ago Very GOOD! Reply @parwezshahid50 1 day ago Congratulations 🎊 Reply @MasudRana-bm2zg 1 day ago Congratulations sir Reply @arunkumarkarayi 1 day ago ❤ 4 Reply @Usharani-ef9vm 1 day ago (edited) Congratulations first like and first comment Guru 1 Reply @lakshminarashiman9901 1 day ago 🌺🌺🌺🌷🏵️🌺🌷🏵️ Reply Transcript Search in video 0:00 welcome to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and this press conference and we will present this year's Nobel Prize 0:07 in chemistry we will keep to our tradition and begin the presentation in Swedish 0:14 and then continue in English and you're of course welcome to ask questions in either language later on 0:38 expert inet my name is Hans El and I'm the Secretary General of the royal Swedish 0:45 Academy of Sciences and to my right is professor H link shair of the Nobel 0:51 Committee in chemistry and to my left Professor Yan oist member of the theel committee for 0:58 chemistry and expert in this 1:10 field this year's prize is about the chemical tools of Life 1:27 proteins David Baker University of Washington Seattle us 1:34 forein 1:42 designis joh jumper Google Deep Mind Stan for protein structure 1:51 pred the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has to decide has today decided 1:56 to award the 2024 Nobel priz in chemistry with one half to David Baker University 2:04 of Washington USA for computational protein design and the other half 2:10 jointly to deis hassabis and John jamper Google Deep Mind United Kingdom for 2:19 protein structure prediction professor H link will now 2:24 give us a short summary in English please signer we we have a great prize for you 2:32 today proteins are the molecules that enable life proteins are building blocks that 2:40 form Bones skin hair and tissue proteins are Motors that power 2:46 our muscles they are the Mach they are the machines that read copy and repair DNA 2:54 they are the pumps that keep our neurons in our brain ready to fire 3:00 they are antibodies that enable our immune response sensors that our cells use to communicate and hormones that 3:08 regulate all the cells in our body a protein consists of hundreds or 3:14 thousands of atoms the protein's biochemical function 3:19 is determined by the precise position of each of these atoms in space relative to 3:24 one another to understand how life works we first first need to understand the shape 3:32 of proteins therefore it has long been a dream to learn to predict the 3:39 three-dimensional structure of proteins from knowing their amino acid sequence 3:44 which is encoded in the DNA for several decades this was considered 3:51 impossible four years ago in 20120 Deus hassabis and John jumper managed to 3:58 crack the code with skillful use of artificial intelligence they made it possible to 4:05 predict the complex structure of essentially any known protein in 4:12 nature another dream of scientists has been to build new proteins to learn how 4:17 to use Nature's multi-tool for our own purposes this is the problem that David 4:24 Baker solved he developed computational tools that now enable scientist ists to 4:30 design spectacular new proteins with entirely novel shapes and functions 4:36 opening endless possibilities for the greatest benefit to humankind thank you Professor link and 4:43 Professor oist are you ready to give a more detailed presentation 4:51 yeah so proteins they are strings of amino acid 4:57 molecules and these strings what they do is that they fold 5:03 themselves up into complicated patterns in threedimensional space so here we see the structure of a 5:11 small protein with all its atoms depicted but this is difficult to 5:17 understand so we use these simplified representations with ribbons and arrows 5:23 to show how this chain is folded in space now the most most remarkable thing 5:30 here is that this three-dimensional shape is actually encoded in the 5:37 sequence of amino acids so this was the subject of the 1972 Nobel Prize in chemistry to 5:44 Christian anenson who made this discovery so if the three-dimensional structure is 5:51 encoded in the sequence of amino acid it means that we should be able to predict 5:58 this three-dimensional structure just from the sequence of amino acids and this is what protein structure 6:04 prediction is all about to use the sequence to predict the three-dimensional 6:13 structure now we can also turn the problem around and ask if I draw a structure 6:22 here what would be the amino acid sequence that would give this 6:28 structure for example I could draw a structure that nobody had ever seen 6:34 before a completely new protein and then try to find a sequence that would give 6:39 this protein then I could go to the lab I could make this sequence and thus I could make completely new proteins that 6:46 have have never been seen before in nature so this is what protein design is 6:52 all about creating completely new proteins so this year we're awarding 6:59 discoveries in these two areas protein structure prediction and protein design 7:04 and as you will see they are tightly knit together now the design problem was 7:11 solved first in 2003 David Baker and his colleagues Drew 7:17 this protein which had never be seen never been seen before there existed nothing 7:25 like it in nature and then they had written a fantastic computer 7:33 program called R Rosetta that tried to find a sequence that will give you this 7:39 structure so here comes the sequence that Rosetta typed out you don't have to 7:46 remember it but it's written in the onlet amino acid code so they went and 7:52 made the protein and then they used X-ray crystallography to figure to 7:58 determine what it looked like and it turned out to look almost exactly 8:03 as predicted so this was the big breakthrough in computational protein 8:10 design and the Rosetta program basically works by picking shorter fragments from 8:16 a database and piecing them together optimizing their sequence and their 8:21 structure and uh this was the proof that protein design computational protein design 8:28 really worked since then the applications have been very 8:34 many and David Baker opened up a completely new world of protein structures that we had never seen before 8:42 here you see some examples uh of the very many that have been published you 8:47 see for example Inhibitors of the covid virus Spike protein this yellow things 8:54 to the upper left he designed a fental sensor that will uh allow you to detect 9:02 fanil in the environment has made Nom materials also 9:08 for the purpose of vaccine development it's a mindblowing 9:14 development and it's almost as if it's only your imagination that sets the limit for what you can do 9:22 here okay back to protein structure prediction the other half of the price 9:30 now this is a very difficult problem because even for a moderate length amino 9:35 acid sequence let's say 100 amino acid residues there are an astronomical 9:41 number of possible structures so it's clear that you need 9:46 computers to try to solve this problem as 9:52 well now the accuracy of protein structure 9:59 predict was pretty low for many years so you can 10:05 see from this graphit up until 2016 it had barely reached 10:10 40% accuracy so this field was moving slower but then something happened in 10:16 2018 and particularly in 2020 when the program Alpha fold 2 was 10:24 published it was published the summer of 2021 uh the results came in 2020 so this 10:31 work was led by Demis hassabis and John jumper at the Deep Mind company and 10:37 Alpha fold 2 which had a predecessor called Alpha fold one that already was a step forward but Alpha fold 2 reach now 10:45 almost 90% accuracy so this started to be compatible with experimental errors 10:53 in structure determination so it was an enormous breakthrough how did they do 11:00 it well they use neural networks and deep learning so for those of you who 11:07 were here yesterday you know all about this and uh Alpha f 2 is an ingenious 11:14 piece of neural network design I will briefly try to tell you a little about a 11:21 little bit about how it works so it makes use of sequence databases there is 11:26 a database of all nonprotein sequences about 200 million sequences there is a 11:31 database of protein structures those are only about 200,000 today but the program 11:38 is trained on these databases and you give it an input 11:44 sequence and then the program does or the network does two things it creates 11:49 an alignment of similar sequences from different species for example and the 11:55 could these could be thousands of similar sequences that finds in the database now what it does it it looks 12:01 for correlations in these sequences so if you have a mutation in one position 12:07 maybe it's correlated with the mutation in another position and from this information it can make a distance map 12:15 as we see in the lower picture here which basically tells you how close are 12:21 two amino acids to each other in space so the sequence alignment contains 12:26 information about such distances and then these two objects they update 12:32 each other continuously as the network does its job until it comes up with a final 12:41 distance map and then the program uses an ingenious method to convert this 12:48 distance map to a three-dimensional structure with 90% 12:57 accuracy so prote structure prediction with Alpha fold 2 caused a complete 13:02 revolution in structural biochemistry it has over 2 million users present and the 13:09 alpha fold team immediately made a uh 13:15 database with prediction predicted structure structures for all the 200 13:21 million sequences that we know today so this is a fantastic resource for 13:26 biochemical and biological research search so there have been numerous 13:32 applications of of Alpha fold you can for example mine this database for new 13:39 enzymes uh that uh for example degrade 13:44 Plastics you can also use uh uh Alpha fold for for solving huge structures so 13:52 the one you see on the right here is one of the largest molecular structures known in biology it's uh contains over 13:58 thousand prot proteins so you could solve they could solve this structure by combining Alpha fold with 14:06 electron micr croscopy 14:14 data so the impact of this 14:20 year's prices in protein design and protein structure predictors are truly 14:27 uh huge and the the results are spectacular 14:33 so I would just leave you with a message that in order to understand how proteins 14:40 work you need to know what they look like and that's what this year's lores 14:47 have done thank you thank you Professor orist we shall see now if we have one of 14:54 the low rates Professor David Baker are you there good morning and please accept our 15:01 warmest congratulations to receiving the Nobel prizing chemistry thank you very very much 15:07 deeply honored yeah I must uh I must ask how do you feel right now uh very excited and uh very 15:16 honored yeah I think that's very well deserved actually uh I'm sitting here in this 15:22 beautiful session Hall of the royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and here at this press conference there are many 15:29 interested journalists both from the Swedish and the international press would you be ready to take some 15:34 questions from them yes I'd be happy 15:40 too thank you my warmest of congratulations to your achievements and to this year's Nobel Prize my name is 15:47 Susan Ritz and I work for Swedish television and I know our viewers are really excited about um how you crack 15:53 the code of creating new protein and uh what inspired you to 15:59 pursue um these truly groundbreaking um re This truly 16:06 groundbreaking research well I stood on the shoulders of giants um I my uh colleague Steve 16:14 Mayo and Bill de gr had had already shown the signs that protein design was 16:19 possible and I also have had throughout my career absolutely wonderful colleagues to work with um Brian colan 16:28 uh uh came to my group and and uh we started working on protein design um and 16:34 that led to top seven so I would say I've been uh really deeply inspired by by the others in the field and by the 16:41 people I've worked with thank you more questions from the audience 16:49 here yes please hello bki from the Polish television uh congratulations Professor 16:55 uh the thing that we're all very excited here obviously is the connection to yesterday's priz in physics and that 17:02 connection are neural networks and deep learning and well basically artificial intelligence and its role in modern 17:09 science uh how would you describe your opinion about the importance of uh the 17:16 development of AI for the future of uh of Sciences given uh the your 17:22 discoveries thank you yes I think it's tremendous um I and 17:28 my colleagues were have been working on protein design for for for for a number of years and 17:34 really with the uh breakthroughs made by uh uh Demis and John um on protein 17:39 structure prediction uh really highlighted to us the power that AI 17:45 could have and that led us to apply these AI methods to protein design and 17:50 that has greatly um increase the power and accuracy uh so our new AI methods 17:57 are much more powerful our previous um uh traditional scientific model methods 18:04 so I think um and I'm really excited about I think all the all the ways in which protein design can now make the 18:10 world a better place in you know in health medicine and really outside in technology and 18:17 sustainab yes please hi I'm an on Swedish tv4 18:25 congratulations I would like to know which one is your favorite protein and 18:31 also what it does in the body and why it's your favorite 18:37 protein oh that's a good question um I I I I I I love all the proteins um uh so I 18:45 don't want to pick favorites but I can tell you about one that we designed uh 18:50 during the pandemic that um uh protects against the Corona virus and um I've 18:57 been very excited about about the idea of a of a nasal spray of of little design proteins that would protect 19:04 against um all possible pandemic viruses so you uh sorry so you mean the 19:12 um the fungus like protein on the Corona virus is that the protein you're talking 19:20 about uh well it's a completely designed protein toly new protein that blocks the 19:26 Corona virus okay 19:32 more question yes please over there in the 19:39 back hello Paul ree from Alger English many congratulations uh could you just set the scene for us uh what were you 19:45 doing when you got the call and uh how did it change your day uh well I was sleeping when the 19:52 phone rang and I um I I answered the phone and I um heard the announcement 20:00 and then my wife began uh streaming very loudly so I I couldn't really hear very well and um the uh the the very nice 20:08 person who told who was talking to told me to go somewhere I could actually listen and um I think it's it's was very 20:15 very exciting and I think it's it's uh it's turning out to be quite uh quite a unique special 20:24 day any further questions I I was wondering when you actually 20:31 broke the code what was your what was your feeling at that 20:37 time I think it happened over um it really happened over uh many years when 20:44 um when Brian Coleman uh working with me was able to design the first protein we 20:50 we kind of imagined that was just designing a protein structure it didn't have any function and uh we sort of 20:58 imagined what could be possible and then really over the last 20 years we've been able to design proteins with more and 21:06 more complex and Powerful functions that can do so many different things and as 21:11 we got more as as we got better and better at that then the scope of applications became more and more 21:18 exciting so it's been sort of this huge opening up of possibilities because the proteins in nature do so many different 21:26 things they mediate all the processes in our body and in all living things and uh 21:31 we sort of glimpsed at the beginning that it might be possible to create a whole new world of proteins that could 21:36 address a lot of the problems faced by humans in the 21st century and and now 21:41 it's becoming possible as we're able to design proteins that can help in so many different 21:50 areas Yeah final question here yeah so another question uh because I'm wondering were you surprised actually by 21:57 the decision because in the predictions for Nobel prizes this year uh you were mentioned as a well strong candidate for 22:04 the Nobel Prize in physics given the half aa's reception in recent years so uh did it come as a surprise for you or 22:10 were you expecting a fall from the Nobel commune today uh I I it was a surprise I 22:17 definitely heard the you know heard the the the you know the the things on you 22:22 know that people were talking but still it was very surprised surprised and um I I just really want to thank my my family 22:30 uh my wife H Rua Baker my parents who I called right after um I I got the call 22:36 um Marsha and Marshall who um I'm very excited will be able to come to sweeten with me and my children Amanda and 22:42 Benjamin and um I I also want to thank um you know all the amazing people that 22:48 I'm working with now and uh the PE amazing people I've worked with over the years who really you know did all this 22:54 work and uh made it all possible and have been sort of fulfilled the dream of what's possible with with protein 23:02 design okay this seems to be the last question from the press for you uh Professor Baker um thank you and once 23:10 again our warmest congratulations uh to you and we we look forward to meet you here in Stockholm in December for the 23:17 priz cermony thank you very very much I'm deeply 23:24 honored so let's move on uh to more questions about the chemistry prize uh or the 23:31 research involved or if you want to ask questions to the committee about their work and again you can ask questions in 23:37 either English or 23:44 Swedish please yeah it's me again sorry but I I'm actually wondering uh given 23:50 the yesterday's announcement in physics uh and the decision to award that prize 23:56 to research that's connected to neuron networks and machine learning uh did you 24:02 take that into consideration today in the morning while making the final decision about the Nobel Prize in 24:07 chemistry in any way Prof link uh so thanks for that question each 24:15 Nobel Prize needs to stand completely on its own feet both today and perhaps in 24:20 particular in the eyes of History looking back so that is the main consideration and today's price is 24:26 really about a breakthrough in biochemistry it's the the making the connection in both ways between amino 24:33 acid sequence and protein structure which then is related to protein function has been a a defined um that 24:42 was actually called a Grand Challenge in chemistry and in particular in Biochemistry for decades so it's that 24:48 breakthrough that gets awarded 24:57 today yes I don't see any further hands here uh by that thank you for your 25:04 interest uh we hope to see you back here next week on Monday when the academy will announce the saris rck Banks prize 25:12 in economic Sciences to the memory of Alfred Noel thank 25:27 you e 26:27 you 26:48 spe 27:11 than 27:48 excuse Professor Yuan oist member of the committee of the Nobel Prize in 27:54 chemistry please tell us what is this prize about so this price is about 28:00 protein structure and proteins are huge molecules that are made from uh amino 28:07 acids and it's a particular sequence of amino acid they are connected in a chain 28:14 and this chain folds itself up into spectacular 3D 28:19 structures and then it the question is can you determine what these structures 28:25 look like by using computers that's what this years laurates have done and what 28:30 did the laurates get The Nobel Prize for well so David Baker gets the price for 28:36 Designing new proteins so he could draw protein structures in three dimensions 28:43 and then he could figure he had a computer program that could figure out what sequence of amino acids would give 28:49 you this structure then he could make these proteins some of which or most of 28:54 which never had been seen before and didn't exist in nature and what could he do what could we do 29:00 with those he could use them for Designing virus Inhibitors small sensors for opioids for 29:09 example building new types of nanop particles Nom materials uh the the um 29:15 scope is really Limitless what you can do with he said mindblowing his spe certainly in what 29:22 way well the number of designs that they have uh produced and published uh and uh 29:29 yeah the variety is absolutely mindblowing it seems that you can almost construct any type of protein now with 29:36 this technology and there were two other lates right yes so the two other are 29:41 awarded for predicting the three-dimensional structure from the 29:47 sequence now there is a huge number of possibilities for any given sequence so 29:52 it's an astronomical number of theoretically possible structures so what they could do is to use a ingenious 29:59 neural network approach to solve this problem you give the program a sequence 30:06 and then it will produce a structure for you so the design goes the sort of the 30:12 other way I design a structure and it will produce a SE the pro that program will produce a sequence uh which I can 30:19 then can make and what could all this be used for in everyday life or in future 30:24 everyday life well it's used for all kind of things so all kinds of things so for example now uh the um Alpha fold 30:33 team they made a database of million protein structures from this so now you 30:39 can start mining this database for new things that you had never uh uh didn't 30:45 know that how could well people have been searching for enzymes that catalyze 30:50 new reactions for example and uh also in the in the design area I mean there are 30:57 numerous um applications where you design try to design 31:02 vaccines new um yeah Inhibitors of things like 31:09 viruses and all this has to do with artificial intelligence as well right 31:14 well at least the protein structure prediction half of the price that is based on neural networks now David 31:22 Baker's achievements they were based on his um programs that came uh a lot 31:28 earlier and they were more classical simulation programs you can say can you 31:34 tell us a little bit of this about this year's uh laurates is there anything particular you would like to 31:40 tell well uh if you're interested in games um the U deis hassabis and his 31:50 co-workers they made already over 10 years ago now they made this um computer 31:57 program that could beat the world champion in go which was thought to be 32:02 impossible and they also made a fantastic chess program that was the best at the time so um so from chest to 32:10 proteins then yeah what did were you in the room when 32:16 they got the call is there anything you can tell us about the call maybe they were all very happy and uh somewhat 32:25 surprised I would say what would you think to you what excites you the most 32:31 about this year chemistry Nobel Prize well I would say that 32:38 it's what's most exciting is that this price has opened up a completely new 32:43 world of protein structures first of all structures that we did that exist but we 32:48 didn't know what they looked like and the other half I mean to design proteins 32:55 that don't exist in nature but can do all kinds of of wonderful things thank 33:00 you so much Professor Yan oist the member of the committee of the Nobel prizing chemistry thank 33:26 you e