Mitochondria: the cell's powerhouse

Transcript Search in video 0:00 0:00 RL: Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotic cells that 0:03 play an important role in the production of ATP, the universal energy 0:08 currency used in all cells. 0:10 Most mitochondrial proteins are transported from the cytosol 0:13 into mitochondria through specialized protein translocator complexes. 0:19 Interactions between these complexes bring the outer and inner mitochondrial 0:22 membranes into close proximity. 0:24 0:27 The successful targeting of many proteins 0:30 that reside in the intermembrane space requires translocator complexes 0:34 that cross both the outer and inner membranes. 0:38 After entering the inner membrane translocator, many of these proteins 0:42 do not completely cross the membrane, but instead 0:45 are released into the membrane and diffuse laterally. 0:49 They then remain embedded in the inner membrane 0:51 or are cleaved, releasing a portion into the intermembrane space. 0:56 Very few resident proteins are simply transported 0:59 across the outer membrane translocator complex. 1:03 Matrix proteins do not transit through the intermembrane space, 1:07 but are directly transported from the cytoplasm 1:10 across the interacting outer and inner membrane translocators. 1:13 1:17 The protein-rich matrix contains enzymes necessary for cellular respiration, 1:21 a process during which carbon fuel molecules are oxidized 1:26 and reduced electron carriers are produced. 1:28 1:31 Invaginations of the inner membrane called cristae, 1:34 contain four large protein complexes that harvest 1:38 electrons from these carriers. 1:39 1:47 Complex II accepts pairs of electrons from succinate 1:51 and transfers them through a series of redox centers 1:54 to coenzyme Q. The lipid-soluble coenzyme 1:58 Q is reduced by electrons harvested from complexes I and II 2:04 and then diffuses through the inner membrane, 2:07 transferring its electrons to Complex III. 2:11 In Complex III electrons are transferred through two distinct series 2:15 of redox centers which allow them to cross the inner membrane one at a time. 2:20 Finally, electrons are accepted by cytochrome c, which carries them 2:25 to complex IV, where they are transferred 2:27 through another series of redox centers to their final acceptor, a molecule 2:32 of oxygen that combines with hydrogen ions to form water. 2:36 2:39 Electron transport in Complexes II, III, and IV 2:43 is coupled with the pumping of protons from the matrix 2:46 to the intermembrane space. 2:49 The resulting electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane 2:53 is called the proton motive force. 2:55 2:58 Protons flow back into the matrix through a component 3:01 of the ATP synthase called F0. 3:05 The membrane-embedded ring structure of F0 binds 3:08 protons in the intermembrane space and releases them 3:12 on the other side of the inner membrane into the matrix. 3:15 3:18 Proton flow drives the rotation of the ring structure, which in turn, leads 3:22 to the rotation of F0 central shaft. 3:25 3:31 The rotating shaft sequentially contacts the three catalytic subunits 3:36 of the ATP synthase F1 complex, altering the subunit's affinity for ATP and ADP 3:44 and catalyzing the synthesis and subsequent release of ATP. 3:47 3:50 Most of the ATP synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix 3:54 is consumed outside of the mitochondria, but the inner membrane 3:59 is impermeable to ATP and ADP. 4:01 4:05 Therefore, an ATP/ADP carrier is responsible for the coordinated import 4:11 of ADP and export of ATP across the inner membrane. 4:15 4:18 In cells, mitochondria are distributed near sites 4:21 where ATP and other mitochondrial metabolites are in high demand. 4:26 Mitochondria move alongside a skeletal structures, such as microtubules, 4:31 and can undergo dynamic changes in shape, 4:34 including both fusion with other mitochondria and division. 4:40 Perturbations in the dynamic behavior of mitochondria 4:43 and alterations in mitochondrial membrane 4:46 permeability are associated with the early stages of programmed cell death. 4:52 620 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... @averylawton5802 1 month ago It has been a few years but here I am again to marvel. I adore these videos so much. I have shown all my children and friends and even random people I have interacted with. Thank you all so much for making this. Reply @Proversiongamer 4 years ago Never thought I would spot a mistake in a HarvardX Video, but the ATP Synthase subunit is called Fo not F0 (zero). The letter o stands for Oligomycin. 89 Reply 8 replies @abenassini 2 years ago Beutiful and elegant animations. I’m a physician and I’ve never seen the process of cyclic AMP presented in such a graphical way. 28 Reply 1 reply @stefanofalone 4 years ago (edited) Great video, however at 2:38: "Electron transport in complexes II, III and IV is coupled to pumping of protons..." Actually, it's I, III and IV. 30 Reply 1 reply @abrahamtellez592 5 years ago It's incredible how many years of knowledge piled upon knowledge are condensed into just this 5 minutes. 245 Reply 9 replies @fierrots 5 years ago It is not F0 (zero) but FO (oligomycin-sensitive) 16 Reply @OGMann 2 years ago (edited) Mitochondrial dysfunctions are implicated in a significant number of pathologies. It's a fascinating field of study. The various hypotheses of the organelles origin are equally interesting. 14 Reply @AnneAndersonFoxiepaws 2 years ago Apart from the fact the whole mitochondrial set up is so amazingly complex, this makes it look really beautiful too. 22 Reply @speedstriker 6 years ago I knew that the MITOCHONDRIA IS THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL, but I didn't know they were literally tiny biomechanical power plants. This is amazing! 334 Reply 22 replies @jackpullen3820 5 years ago I want to see more on their interaction with Microtubules.... 14 Reply @-AnyWho 6 years ago they already have a video game based on this (still in early stages of development) ... soon little kids will understand this better than we do 42 Reply 2 replies @jchaigh5715 2 years ago How does Cell Danger Response change mitochondrial function to producing more inflammation and less energy when sick or toxic? this was amazing. thank you. 2 Reply @GlynWilliams1950 6 years ago Amazing. I want to understand what I saw 267 Reply 10 replies @tomorourke6301 3 years ago ...doesn't matter how many times I watch this video: this video always makes me happy to be Clean and Sober, y'know?☺ 1 Reply @lesliesylvan 5 years ago Can the rotator shafts rotate in either direction? Reply @natecw4164 1 year ago (edited) I was completely lost until you brought up F-Zero. I totally remember that game. Basically I'm a SNES and the mitochondria enable Mode7 graphics. Got it. Reply @UQRXD 2 years ago The CGI animation was just as I imagined this process happening. Most Fascinating. Reply @vincentlewis1297 4 months ago Profound, astonishing, fascinating Reply @bcrookegmailcom 5 years ago Every thing else I’m reading indicates that the F0 ring and substructure turn counterclockwise when viewed from above. Just a point of curiosity, but it could be significant as we dig deeper into the function of the additional structures. 1 Reply @johnmartin5240 1 year ago Amazing. And mind blowing at the same time. 2 Reply @bradenbellinger3025 6 years ago The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell 1K Reply 29 replies @socalpal8416 2 years ago ...had no idea that Mitochondria were capable of fusion, division and mobility. Stunning is an understatement. 2 Reply @rebanelson607 1 year ago This is a first class video! The graphics are amazing. Reply @NotOkBoomer-gr5lb 1 year ago Just stumbled over this vid. It's an amazing work and very interesting explanation of what's goin on in our bodies. Thank You! 1 Reply @princetamrac1180 2 years ago Ok so here are the mistakes i gathered. Complex II doesnt transport protons, only I, III and IV do. The animations shows water molecules being produced in the intermembran space at complex IV, when actually they are produced on the matrix side. The subunit Fo of the ATP-Synthase is called Fo and not F0. O stands for Oligomycin. Finally the rotation of the ATP synthase is depicted in CW direction, but it actually spins CCW. Still amazing animation tho. 3 Reply @scienceworld7922 1 year ago Amazing, Sir can i copy this video to translate in hindi. Reply @ferdrewflores3612 3 years ago You and I are part of these FASCINATING processes !! ☝️💯💪👏👏👏 1 Reply @KeithJohnson. 1 year ago Incredible animation and explanation 1 Reply @Devo491 1 year ago The exquisitely complex process in this one aspect of cellular function is a tribute to the power of evolution. Given enough time, anything that works will be refined to a ridiculous degree. 1 Reply @deanroddey2881 2 years ago As a software developer, I now know what I sound like to non-software developers. 8 Reply @letheanfenol8944 6 years ago There are some other molecules that causes extra proton pumps into the intermembrane space and generate an extra ATP? 1 Reply @bikeman9899 1 year ago Excellent narrative and graphics Reply @caesarskiba9008 5 years ago So amazing. Please never stop making these types of videos 5 Reply @karmakazi219 3 years ago I only understood a fraction of that but it was still amazing. 1 Reply @feymreichmanostenrn8751 4 years ago It is indeed a contemplative wonderwork, considering that this is a tiny element in every cell and this happens in every cell, all the time....wow. 4 Reply 1 reply @nooninst 2 years ago what is the microscope used in the video ?? Reply @TheEmaxya 5 years ago Why F0 and gamma are CW rotating? Reply @rickaguilar1833 1 year ago The miracle.of life! The mitochondria, the how and why we are all in existence! Reply @winneriruke9104 6 years ago Very clear presentation, than you for information. 12 Reply @ph33lix 5 years ago Why in this animation is the F0 complex spinning clockwise while in other animations it spins counter clockwise. Do we just know that the F0 complex across all ATP synthase spin in a uni-directional movement but haven't figured out which? Reply @aspektx 2 years ago Seeing things like this makes me realize how inconceivable the stretches of time are for things like the mitochondria to develop. All the failures, the variations that partially worked, and the diversity that must have occurred on the path that led to something so small and so significant. 34 Reply 6 replies @TheStarflight41 3 years ago Intelligent design couldn't be more obvious. 1 Reply @ghostmedic86 5 years ago I knew what was being said. Take a cell bio class and it will all make sense! Great stuff! 1 Reply @oldsteamguy 2 years ago breathtaking Reply @glitchysoup6322 5 years ago Why censored ratings? 4 Reply @parulshukla2153 6 years ago Awesome animation 3 Reply @hazzard77 5 years ago what happens to the protons after they are released by the atp synthase? Reply @octaviolara7171 1 year ago Amazing and spectacular! The most important function into our body! Easiest explanation! Thanks a lot off! 1 Reply @aartibhanderi-shah5333 2 years ago Stunning film on energy - in awe of nature and its creation Reply @convergence708 1 year ago Спасибо большое за визуализацию работы митохондрий , что в свою очередь очень помогает осознать сам цикла Крабса и запуск электротранспортной цепи. Reply @edstud1 2 years ago I love these visualization videos! 1 Reply 1 reply @davide2711 5 years ago I'm in my second year of college going for a major in biology and I only understood half of that. 3 Reply @xtceeee1 2 years ago How do those proteins find their targets is it by just roaming and wandering until they meet by chance? They seem to be heading in one direction like they know where they are going. Reply @gforcedod 4 years ago So much wealth, in such a short video. Reply @Burhansager 5 years ago Beautiful explination 1 Reply @harshsinghal4342 6 years ago Too good. Keep making them👏👏👏😊😊 3 Reply @slehar 5 years ago Wow! That is so weird! Like a crazy fantasy world! But it is actually real? Mind blowing! 1 Reply @parulshukla2153 5 years ago Harvardx....I m a practising pediatrician from India. Such animation weren't available in studied in the medical school many years ago Seeing this animated medical teaching makes me feel my medical school revisited A back to school experience 31 Reply @DyanaBunnyPhD 4 years ago Delightful watching your animations 1 Reply 1 reply @mightychondriaofthecell3317 4 years ago (edited) Watching videos of my awesomenesss all day long. Reply @mohdsaleemmalik4073 3 years ago Inspiring video Reply @jordough4495 1 year ago Never though Gus Fring would deliver such informative content Reply @briang.valentine4311 2 years ago Rotation of the Fo shaft between inner and outer membranes in the proton pump is CCW, depicted here in CW direction 3:20 Reply @the1tigglet 5 years ago I have to say these images are amazing and explain so much about cellular energy and how it works. We're basically electrically charged powerhouses! 8 Reply @hygrobiology 2 years ago Thank you for this Videos on YouTube and Best Regards from Hygrobiology CEO Thailand Reply @williamkyburz 4 years ago This is Mitochondria 405. It needs introductory context, which you can find in some more elementary videos. A few good ones on Youtube. Reply @JCAH1 5 years ago Excellent work. Reply @pamrhoten4144 4 years ago Awesome video!! Reply @yogayantra 5 years ago brilliant! Thank you so much. Makes my course understandable 3 Reply @MA-ho7kr 4 years ago Very intersting video👍 Reply @EffySalcedo 4 years ago Amazing Visuals 💖💐 Reply @dtasat 4 years ago it is fantastic! thanks Reply @The12thSeahorse 5 years ago Amazing graphics! 1 Reply @RahulBhai-yb3xu 5 years ago superb explanation.. 3 Reply @jongtes5570 4 years ago Fantastic!! I know what I'm going to study 1 Reply @burritosburritos 4 years ago That was just fawking awesome. Reply @ajays007 6 years ago Excellent video.... thanks Reply @manuelgarciabarbero1872 5 years ago great job!!! Reply @lourdthebluefoxie 3 years ago I like this type of videos Reply @Univers314 4 years ago Wonderfull work. Reply @aftabnadim 5 years ago great animation. Reply @roccosiffredi2818 5 years ago i have to watch it all over again Reply @Bman-1970 3 years ago Its like watching this take place under water. Such fluid like movement Reply @pttrro 4 years ago Awesome Reply @jamesgreen3130 5 years ago isnt it Fo not F0 - since the name is because of the oligomycin binding site 1 Reply @bsaver5942 2 years ago How does it know what to do? 1 Reply @78deathface 5 years ago Thinking about all this stuff going on inside me on a microscopic level kinda stresses me out Reply @johnbollenbacher6715 6 years ago Excellent video. The only thing I can suggest is that you find ways to highlight the portions of the video that you’re talking about from moment to moment. 15 Reply @calciclasses 5 years ago Woww!!! Great job Reply @AMeDAS.Hunter 6 years ago 2:29から　水の分子はマトリックス側にできるのに、このアニメでは膜間腔側にできている。これはまずい。 2:29　Water molecules are synthesized on the matrix side.But in this animation, molecules of water are synthesized on the intermembrane space side. 5 Reply @kopronko 1 year ago Thank you. Reply @anishapandey10b-69 1 year ago Nice video 1 Reply @aprilhicks3474 4 years ago Beautiful Reply @davidhuasca9831 5 years ago Incredible Reply @elba_magellan 5 years ago Beautiful... Reply @saigonmonopoly1105 2 years ago This prove it the keys to enhance our energy Reply @littlebag123 5 years ago Lovely thank you amazing. 1 Reply @paulbracken6216 6 years ago Amazing! Reply @eugenem2032 5 years ago Damn.. that's some biochemical rave party. 3:35 - I think the F1 subunit has a thing for ADP but he will never be the same... Reply @goedelite 5 months ago The content of this presentation is perhaps a laudable summary for persons who are already very knowledgeable about the function of the mitochondria, but as a physicist without such training I am not among the knowledgeable. I wonder what function the video serves? Does it help the already informed to clarify their understanding? I surely hope so. It is a very impressive work. Reply 1 reply @randomsongs9907 5 years ago Amazing 😍 1 Reply @vikashsinghrajput2930 3 years ago Which software are use for making animations 1 Reply @higherresolution4490 2 years ago (edited) At MINUTE 2:45 a mistake is made. Complex II does not pump protons into the intermembrane space. Complex I, III and IV do that job of creating the proton motive force that drives the 8-proton rotation cycle of the ATP Synthase turbine. 7 Reply 2 replies @joulecad9229 5 years ago Excelente Reply @fyz7047 4 years ago Pretty good 😊 Reply @edstud1 5 years ago (edited) How this was all conceived or designed is mindboggling! At any rate, I love these animations. 16 Reply 1 reply @zeljkom.svedruzic8406 2 years ago nice Reply @loudmoderns120 5 years ago (edited) I don't like to throw around words like "awesome" to much, but this is AWESOME! I love learning about this stuff; and content like these clips, or better, the full documentaries are amazing. Especially since its able to be done with such high fidelity; that is, of course, if this information is accurate. Assuming the content makers have the right information, this is indeed awesome. Well done, much appreciated:-) 29 Reply @bernardocortez6543 5 years ago No entiendo, no está en español? I'm no speak englis, so is very interesant. Reply @HarvardOnline 5 years ago (edited) See all of Harvard's online courses here: https://harvardx.link/4jxyv 15 Reply @abrahamtellez592 4 years ago The point of life is for it to witness itself. What a better way than us trying to comprehend the basis of our existence. Reply @banshidharmuduli4381 3 years ago Nice voided Reply @waterskippers 5 years ago I think I only understood one percent of this video, but it was very interesting anyway. Reply @NeonsStyleHD 2 years ago MItochondria move? Mind blown! Reply 1 reply @ezzovonachalm9815 1 year ago In this animation I miss the role of electron transport to the intermebrane space to feed the ADP >ATP channel or to attire the proton flux which induces the CCR of the AMP> ATP channel ? Or is this electron flux a misconception of older attemps to clearly explain the whole pathway ? Reply @Pankaj-rq6mq 5 years ago How can scientists see all those? Reply @hindugoat2302 5 years ago pretty simple when you think about it 1 Reply @JoeM370 11 months ago This is an intriguing dissection. I read a similar book that really expanded my horizons. "Rising From Within: Unlocking Your Innate Power to Conquer Adversity" by Vincent Starling Reply @jayh3563 5 years ago Reminded me of coral good vid Reply @twitch.tvsemakajohn 5 years ago God I actual understood everything in this video! Reply @lauram9478 1 year ago ❤ Reply @abhisheklohar4432 2 years ago (edited) How easy it looks, but how complicated it is Its really a fascinating world inside a cell just imagine if we could go inside a cell and can see everything this happening, Reply 1 reply @NameNotAlreadyTaken2 5 years ago I'm made of self-replicating nanobots 70 Reply 3 replies @footfault1941 1 year ago Science goes art! A product of the latest technology & research is here, in this video. Just stunning! Hey kids, you'll learn this at school! More visually than your parents. Reply @Relampiano 5 years ago 2:39 Complexes I, III and IV (not II, III and IV) pump protons from the matrix to the inter membrane space. 3 Reply 2 replies @raplopez4258 3 years ago Invaginate. Good word to know. 1 Reply @ayongeplant 2 years ago Ladies and gentleman, this is the ultimate biology video.. Reply @babenberg 1 year ago Minute 2:46. Shouldn't the ATP Synthase turn counter-clockwise?, as described in the video "ATP synthase in action" here in this channel. Reply @emreyanmaz3517 2 years ago SubhanaAllah Reply @Orlor 5 years ago I'll pretend that I understood a single word of that... 110 Reply 9 replies @Harve955 1 year ago The rotation should be anti clockwise, other than that very good animation. Reply @renatapeters3681 3 years ago Wow Reply @gayleould3212 5 years ago Really beautiful animation. But isn't proton pumping coupled with complexes 1, 3 and 4, not complex 2? I thought electrons from FADH2 entered via complex 2 and due to their lower energy than electrons in NADH don't result in proton pumping in this complex?? 1 Reply 1 reply @epicwarframepvp6389 5 years ago lit Reply @Randikuncoro 4 years ago Wow proses zat kimia dalam tubuh manusia hebat banget!!! Reply @outlaw6313 3 years ago (edited) Now I just want to know how all these molecules, organelles etc. always reach the specific spots in the cells, how are they transported or how do they move? It cant only be those biological motor proteins. I know this video showed those translocator proteins, but how does for example ATP move between all these membranes/matrixes etc. ? Reply 1 reply @seanneville-dn5ty 5 months ago It’s amazing mitochondria contain its own gear shafts like a man made machine. Reply @siddharthatal8662 5 years ago Supper Reply @PSsquadron 1 year ago Who made it? Reply @TheStarflight41 2 years ago Intelligent design could not be more obvious. 2 Reply 3 replies @philubanako572 6 years ago Miracles of life Reply @aliciapurple96 5 years ago This video started off strong Reply @shelan7058 1 year ago 2:39 I think there's a mistake there: complexes 1, 3 and 4 are the ones incolved in protone transport (2 is not) Reply @Viv8ldi 5 years ago Is it true that mitochondria are the oldest cells in our body? And also that they are kind of a lifeform for themselfes in our bodies? Reply @melissarainchild 2 years ago Nice anim...however, the F0 subunit rotates clockwise...detail, but nice anim anyway :) Reply @graceandpeace4414 1 year ago Mitochondria DNA.. thanks mama. I carry you always. Reply @ישראלגרין-ר8ו 1 year ago רק כילד ראית דרך מקרוסקופ איך בא לי שוב.זה נראה כל כך מרתק. Reply @محمدالعمده-ر3ل 5 years ago goood Reply @chatsworth777 5 years ago I read some of the comments and, there is no mention that the mitochondria is a foreign body with it's own DNA. Reportedly, it is a VERY old organism that lives symbiotically within every cell. Reportedly, it was only adopted one time LONG ago. Was it first adopted on Earth? Ar there any cells that produce energy without mitochondria? Fascinating stuff. 30 Reply 5 replies @TheWaffleHimself 11 months ago (edited) I loved the part where he showed the power house of the cell Reply @LukaszStolarczuk 1 year ago 3:02 F0 spin clockwise mate. :) Reply @alerendonuribe 5 years ago 🤓😍 Reply @mitosama_games9084 5 years ago Yay Reply @ВарвараБазарова-д9р 1 year ago Занимательный мультик)) Reply @locNguyen-jb1vt 1 year ago Selective compartment sweet Reply @you2angel1 1 year ago You know what might be helpful for the viewer, is to help them visualize where they're at in the mitochondria. While the video is playing in a corner of the video screen put a little sidemap of where the veiwers is in the mitochondria. Like they do in video games ^_^ °~•.☆.•~° Reply @kakuzu_6_9 1 year ago Oxidative phosphorylation of NADH and FADH² Reply @MarkPineLife 5 years ago I'm here to learn...and pass my biology class. 🦄 Reply @mattlm64 2 years ago I thought the ATP synthase spun the other way around? 1 Reply @rosilenerebeca5623 2 years ago There are a mistake about F0 protein. Is FO (letter o) protein due your inhibited by oligomycin and therefore is not Fzero. Reply @renanczOFFICIAL 1 year ago Will to power Reply @Mugicha808 2 years ago Praise the mitochondria. Reply @raplopez4258 2 years ago Why do I feel like I'm in a medieval court with lords and ladies dancing while the musicians play the flute and strum chords... Reply @chrismcclure2526 4 years ago This is like a DMT trip Reply @zamiralice5498 1 year ago How can anyone believe something this complex is the mere product of chance?! This is clear proof of a magnificent designer. 4 Reply 3 replies @nunodn 6 years ago The matrix is real!! It's already inside us! 14 Reply @ABCstockholm007 2 years ago Its so beautiful, I cried. Actually I have an extreme lack of Coenzym Q. We dont know why yet and I am only in my 20s but extremly sick. Many things are still unknown about my health, we know my thyroid isnt working well and other things but I feel like my body slowly dying. I am extremly weak and full of pain, feels like I have a bad infection which never ends. I literally have an unvisible disabilty we can not explain yet (doctors dont have enough time to research deeper my case). The body is so complex. 1 Reply 3 replies @casualperson3717 2 years ago The mitochondria is the power house to the cell. Reply @johnmartin5240 1 year ago Do we know the best foods to feed our Mitochondrial bodies. To help our cells thrive. Reply 1 reply @damnman7226 5 years ago A world within a world Reply @JOCELIOSANTOS_JTS 5 years ago Please, translate to portuguese. It's a fantastic material. Reply @opufy 1 year ago What’s cool is that’s it was just another bacteria and we consumed it and made a deal to feed mitochondria in exchange for more energy. So it’s an organelle but former bacteria. Reply @scheldon2244 2 years ago Never thought I would stumble across the world’s smallest electric generator. Complete with a motor. Holy sh**. Reply @MagicalTux 1 year ago Shouldn't the F0F1 ATP synthase rotate counter clockwise? Reply 1 reply @atlasfox6451 2 years ago It’s the aerobic powerhouse of the cell Reply @darthnihiluz5305 5 years ago Thanks buddies! Food just entered the system. Reply @myersred8 2 months ago If it makes energy, it is not the POWER house, it is like the refinery, the source of FUEL production. I don't look at an oil refinery and go, "Look at the power house!" I wish there were more videos about how ATP is used rather than how it is created. Reply @samibacha2585 6 years ago Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell Reply @WallaceRoseVincent 6 years ago Anyone know which is the better representation of molecular movement? Is it the animations where the molecules vibrate or like this one that shows smooth flowing molecular movement? 1 Reply 4 replies @mrniceguy4277 4 years ago I will soon start my PhD in molecular medicine and I still find it so incredible how such things evolved! I mean look at this! 5 Reply 3 replies @ישראלגרין-ר8ו 1 year ago איך תררגום לא מבין כלום. [מזהה הרבה מילים באנגלית אבל איך מתרגמים?] Reply @giltan4891 5 years ago if im getting this right.... mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. 2 Reply @boorendorff3655 1 year ago Can you imagine when we unlock the power of protein folding and start making our own nano biomachines Reply @iamessence6268 5 years ago Wow I have a world within me!. 😱 Reply @kuldeepkcri 1 year ago When I was in grade 4, All I knew was Mitochondria is the Power House Of Cells. Reply @eilonj 1 year ago The wonder is not this intricate proces, as the ability to multiplicate itself together with cell division. However, the greatest wonder of nature is the photosynthesizing cell and its division. From there started all the evolution. Reply @tomlla4113 4 years ago What are they all floating in? Reply 1 reply @mktpolaris 4 years ago Wut there are more than two complexes? Reply @robynmitchell9563 1 year ago It's unfortunate that the credits acknowledging the content creators are obscured by the thumbnails at the end of the video. Reply @hdhddhdb2894 3 years ago مشوار Reply @gregorysagegreene 1 year ago (edited) Yes, but how are protons made? Never mind .. It's NADH & FADH2 before going into complexes I & II, from the endpoint of Glycolysis and during the Citric Acid Cycle respectively, that not only produces/liberates electrons but also calves off the Hydrogen Ion from it's respective Hydrogen atom. It blows my mind that Food Sugars are the starting point for producing both the Energetic Electrons for pumping the Gradient and also the Protons that go into that Gradient, at the same time as CO2 becomes the waste product at the endgame of the process in the Citric Acid Cycle. Then you have the Oxygen we breathe, right after that, supercharging more pumped protons to the Gradient for the ATP-generation us eukaryotes need. Food Sugars --> Electrons, Protons ... + Oxygen --> Water, Carbon Dioxide, Gradient --> ATP! Reply @combatking0 5 years ago So theoretically, if you have a source and sink of electrons - from a tiny electrical circuit - you could generate ATP using a modified mitochondria without glucose or oxygen. Reply 2 replies @scarlettred2786 5 years ago IS THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL 12 Reply @jcn268 2 years ago Overall mitochondria produces energy used for aerobic and anaerobic repsirstion Reply @tiny_toilet 4 years ago Welp, today I learned that "invagination" is a thing. So I'm smarter now, I guess. 11 Reply @the1tigglet 5 years ago I'm writing a story about modern and ancient awakened beings of great power. One group uses technology to enhance their abilities, I'd love to know how a cell would react if it had double the number of constructs transporting energy back and forth in a healthy way with double the mitochrondria and double the capacity for this energy without causing cell imbalance and without causing cancerous growths when the cell destruction is chemically switched off. It's part of what I would have a villain do in order to increase their power to take over the world/kill their enemies. I'd love to know if mitochondrial scientists would think this is possible? and if so what would be needed chemically for the cell to be forced into a balanced state before this could be enacted on the body of a human being? I understand it's all theoretical but like Gene Roddenberry I want the science in my writing to be sound. Reply 1 reply @pageread7135 4 years ago Thank you Reply @mr99official28 1 year ago The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell 1 Reply @SpicyYams 3 years ago The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell 1 Reply @NoName-de1fn 1 year ago The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell Reply @trypophobia7295 4 years ago A person inhales air, this is how 2020 happened Reply @sebilaerdem6825 2 years ago Keşke Türkçe alt yazi olsa Reply @brandonberry4082 6 years ago Complex II does not pump protons. 6 Reply 6 replies @DonMayfield 1 year ago Like a triple play in baseball but longer. Reply @nellychavez95 1 year ago En Español Reply @TheMeatSucks 1 year ago Proton flow Reply @carsonbrown4555 5 years ago It’s 12 am, what am I doing rn🤦‍♂️ 2 Reply @zgegosaurusrho8205 2 years ago La mitochondrie c'est la boss du game comme dans parasite. Reply @andreysamuylik8047 2 years ago Lol, all that organized by itself. Don't forget. 1 Reply @ismailalarmouti1587 2 years ago سبحان الخالق 1 Reply @OneSaile 6 years ago are proteins the 'cells' of the cells? it seems like it 1 Reply 2 replies @mahanaga_ratna 5 years ago study of Mitochondria, the cells powerhouse is the hope for PRODUCING ELECTRICITY for humanity 4 Reply 3 replies @demonridera 2 years ago It is like a fuel station. Charging the batteries that run the other engines Reply @PerryCS2 1 year ago I thought ATP motors only rotated counter clockwise... hmmm.... Reply @davidmckayii752 1 year ago What if .. they're the simplest form of intelligence, and they control via telepathy the other separate structure of the cell body, like an avatar. Reply @madrugade8242 1 year ago Ok, so who can tell me with a straight face that all this just evolved by itself, through a purely random, undirected, creator-less process? Reply @axagorax 5 years ago It’s a maze bean Reply @boggytrails 1 year ago These sub-celular level explainers always seem to be animations instead of actual recordings. How are we so sure that we are right? Can we actually observe this stuff? Sorry for being uneducated on this. Happy to receive links instead. 🤗 Reply @whyamihere9947 4 years ago Cells cells they`re made of organelles, try to pull a fast one the cy- 1 Reply 1 reply @joelthomastr 4 years ago Now get this: This video is 10 YEARS OLD 1 Reply 1 reply @bharat8925 5 years ago Wonder how a cell is entire world Reply @justinnehls4212 5 years ago Mito 'the powerhouse of the cell' chondria 9 Reply @accipteuber 5 years ago How does these atomic particles know how to compute and use all this electrical information... in order to perform uncontestable intelligent action (?). 4 Reply 7 replies @URcristianolite-z5b 2 years ago when science is enjoyable... Reply @IsaacNussbaum 5 years ago And to think that Father Darwin (PBUH) designed and built these inter-cellular and intra-cellular systems by unguided mutation trial and error. Awesome! 9 Reply 1 reply @darrenanimatic9675 5 years ago Cells make energy by using chemistry Reply @Lengsel7 5 years ago Mitochondria power the cells, and Midichlorians provide Mitochondria with the power of 'The Force.' 4 Reply 1 reply @locNguyen-jb1vt 1 year ago Moseic Reply @mkgreen9750 2 years ago I have seen the top of the mountain. Reply @fasterpastor1000 2 years ago Which is more advanced as a technology? The living cell or a supercomputer? Answer: Reply @larik325 2 years ago И это мы. Во страшилки Reply @Galactic_Reflection 5 years ago We are truly timeless.. Know thyself. Great Video! Quick and to the point. 1 Reply @tritun5154 5 years ago “Used in all cells”...on earth... Reply 1 reply @willoughby1888 1 year ago I'm just a nobody 70's dropout with a GED who still likes to ponder things in order to keep my old man brain 'alive', so, I'm kinda wondering how much the bacteria "Vibrio Vulnificus" would love to chomp away on all those pretty colorful, hard-working organic items, Complex I, II, III, IV could be dinner courses before the dessert. Wouldn't be that complex a thing for a flesh-eating virus is what I'm thinking, even! Um, forgive me please, I was only trying to Bee Fun Knee. Maine said to say, "Hello" for it, except for one little bitty island, but I don't think they even have a phone let alone an email or mental telepathy like the rest us us just like to use. 1 Reply @waikienlim3562 6 years ago 细胞吸收错误的营养导致变质而造成人体老化的问题??? Reply 1 reply @gustavgnoettgen 5 years ago The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. 6 Reply @alvinxyz7419 4 years ago I like those turbines Reply @michasosnowski5918 5 years ago This is facsinating, but how do we know that? 3 Reply 2 replies @caribaez5711 6 years ago (edited) I want to be a ribosome or the nucleus. 4 Reply 4 replies @youandivercity7904 1 year ago (edited) I am not interested in learning piano, the person who likes to play piano is my grandmother. I am NOT the exact COPY version of my grandmother, I can have her some similar traits as her descendants. If someone forces me to learn piano, he or she could be Narcissists! They including YouTube Ads and Recommendation Algorithm make me get annoyed very very MUCH! Anyway, Thank you for the amazing video about our POWER HOUSE cells. lol [00:40] many of these proteins do not completely cross the membranes but instead of released into the membranes and diffused literally Reply @hassantara5397 1 year ago Sübhanallah mini world of wonder Reply @joshuawalker8297 1 year ago Summary This video explains the structure and function of mitochondria, the organelles responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells. It details the process of protein transport, cellular respiration, electron transport, and ATP synthesis within the mitochondria. Highlights Mitochondria are organelles responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells. Most mitochondrial proteins are transported into mitochondria through specialized protein translocator complexes. Cellular respiration, which involves the oxidation of carbon fuel molecules and production of reduced electron carriers, occurs in the protein-rich matrix. ATP synthesis is driven by the proton motive force, which is created by the pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria can undergo dynamic changes in shape and distribution, and perturbations in their behavior are associated with programmed cell death. Reply @hdhddhdb2894 2 years ago AXE Reply @sultanhussain5155 1 day ago Dear friend, you studied such complicated system created by Allah. Do you follow Allah? Reply @golmaal138 5 years ago (edited) Because the inner membrane exists only in the matrix and ATP synthase pumps protons only in one direction. Therefore, mitochondria. This is all I understood. Edit: and protein complex II is badass. Reply 1 reply @AR-fy2qo 1 year ago And some thought the selfie was the epitome of human evolution Reply @ross-carlson 3 years ago My biggest take away from this video - time/history is FUCKING VAST. I really started to contemplate the deep time it took for this to evolve natural. The billions of billions of billions of billions of billions of reproductions, virtually all of them failing but enough survive due to natural selection to create this symphony of nature. We are so lucky for the thousands of human lifetimes of knowledge crammed into this 5 minute video, so lucky that they all asked "why" and didn't accept "god did it" as a valid answer. Incredible. Oh, and I'm a total moron. 1 Reply 2 replies @mastermenthe 2 years ago S Reply @AshleyLouzon-p5z 1 month ago God is incredible wow. the design is beyond my own comprehension. Reply @Manish0206 2 years ago कृपया इसे हिंदी में भी व्याख्या कर दीजिए Reply @Manish0206 2 years ago बहुत अच्छी वीडियो है पर समझ में नहीं आ रहा है इंग्लिश में भाषा में Reply 1 reply @adriancallen3140 4 years ago the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell Reply @miggies8140 5 years ago So my body is building and destroying molecules 1 Reply 2 replies @Murrius1 1 year ago Любой белок знает место своей работы... Reply @prettyprudent5779 2 years ago Why does the phrase “cell death” sadden me? Reply @destroyermelody 2 years ago Can't understand a single anything! 2 Reply @Parapresdokian 1 year ago It's unacceptable when you see this after convincing yourself those "particles" as waves for years. Reply @dhanorkaranandrao9742 4 years ago DHANORKAR madhukar Reply @ShannonSmith4u2 2 years ago If you actually still believe in evolution after watching this, you have 1,000 more faith than i ever could. This is so complicated, and scientists say a bolt of lightning caused this incredibly complex nano machine? Wow 2 Reply 1 reply @nicholaswhitman4620 5 years ago I came exclusively for the comment section 1 Reply @goosecouple 6 years ago Can a protein molecule die? 1 Reply 5 replies @PerfectCell937 2 months ago The powerhouse of the what Reply @farukhshaikh8575 2 years ago Yusabbihu lillahi ma fissamawati walardh In the sky and earth Everything declares perfection of your god 1 Reply @gavincurtis 5 years ago (edited) So a human is a sentient machine made from molecular machines that are individually programmable, self replicating and all mesh networked to work together to form the human (or whatever form they are programmed to become). Darwin would dump in his drawers if he were alive today. 3 Reply 2 replies @wexerrexer 5 years ago Midi-chlorians ) 1 Reply @MissInfinity 5 years ago I'm glad I learnt in school that mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, instead of learning how to survive adulthood when it came around. 👍 3 Reply 1 reply @wheaties2912 5 years ago The mitochondria is the power House of the cell. 5 Reply @clairerolland7239 1 year ago je savais bien que j'étais belle ; mais à ce point, en moi ! ; tous les millimètres carrés de mon être, sont beaux, alors. Ce que j'en vis, vois, c'est comme les mailles d'un tricot au main d'une divine matrice habillant l'humaine créatrice ; je le savais bien ; seule détentrice de sa bibliothéque mitochondriale parfaite Reply @jliz6435 5 years ago (edited) I don’t understand any of this but I do know this, there is no way any of this was possible without an supreme intelligent creator. 😇❤️🔥🕊 3 Reply 1 reply @honestabe1940 2 years ago Way too complex for beginners. While your trying to grasp one thing 5 more have gone by. This is great animation, but for those who allready have a solid grasp of cellular biology. Reply @Sahil-ch2ji 2 years ago Please make a video in hindi language Reply @elmobb224 5 years ago uoft gang Reply @shawnsmith6879 5 years ago We are fearfully and wonderfully made.... 1 Reply 10 replies @joeygrotentraast2673 6 years ago Didn't get it... Reply @ManyHeavens42 1 year ago Nano Bots would be a big help. Just like disease resistant plants, give me a disease Resistant Human that's your jobs. Lets Fight for Life , How bout it. 1 Reply @sps6374 2 years ago Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, -hemia means blood, and old gas station sushis want you dead. Reply @beornthebear.8220 1 year ago This makes an electric motor seem primitive. Reply @cjhepburn7406 4 years ago Can u see Mitochondria through a microscope? Reply 1 reply @sofiaceleste6299 1 year ago Salmo 139: 16 Mi embrión vieron tus ojos , y en tu libro estaban escritas todas aquellas cosas que fueron luego formadas.......... palabras escritas por el Rey David hace más de 2, 500 años.......Gracias Dios. Reply @Parture 5 years ago Creatine should help. Reply @holya69 6 years ago And some people still deny the existence of an intelligent creator!!! 10 Reply 17 replies @ronaldfousek1079 5 years ago I don't claim to understand any of this but it does give me a greater love for the Creator. 3 Reply 1 reply @warriorcatskid003 6 years ago No one’s here for the memes? I’m disappointed. 20 Reply 5 replies @jatigre1 5 years ago Everything here looks suspiciously engineered 8 Reply 9 replies @ergenekondakiitbarak2278 5 years ago Please Turkish translate .. Reply @RaniHembade-c1t 1 year ago One time mitochondria is a bacteria....😮 Reply @Bildad1976 4 years ago "One must remember that all of these complicated processes performed by these incredible micro-machines came to be by a bunch of random chemicals bumping into one another!" Yeah, it happens all the time every day in underwater vents and warm pools of sludge, right? No, all of these highly complex machines and processes came from the mind of an infinitely intelligent Creator! 2 Reply @robertpreisser3547 2 years ago One fact that gets ignored in most presentations is that the DNA of mitochondria does not follow the same Genetic Code as our nuclear DNA does. In fact, the mitochondrial genetic code even differs between vertebrate vs. invertebrate mitochondria. This is actually hard evidence against universal common descent but is ignored or downplayed as such. Reply 6 replies @Alienboi2005vidsandstuff 4 years ago Whoever made this video deserves a beer 1 Reply @sayedelghairb8640 2 years ago Glory be to Allah Almighty who gave everything its creation and then guided it. Glory be to Allah 🙏🤲🏻❤️ 2 Reply @OCPyrit 5 years ago It violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics. 1 Reply 12 replies @amapolo7211 1 year ago Great animation. Poor explanations, so many concepts undefined, so lack of order and goal, so randomly exposed facts. Please fire the screenwriter Reply @webb4Brevard 3 years ago Amazing reverse-engineering. 2 Reply @franciscodoesstuff4898 5 years ago THE MITOCHONDRIA IS THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL 4 Reply @carolirene49 5 years ago Say what?! Reply 1 reply @Telecinetico 1 year ago hi. ive studied with a biochemistry teacher that there was a study comparing the efficiency of mitochondria between races (look, this study or the reasons im requesting this are in no way racist or related to anything like that). and it turns out the efficiency of certain individuals are better than others. could anyone provide me or point me in the direction where i could obtain an article that talks about this ? schollar google proved to be helpless Reply @SabbathSOG 4 years ago We are wonderfully made. 2 Reply @suaega2641 2 years ago Amazing clip even had acknowledged, is not time to believe in the Creator between heaven and earth, and study Quran multiple languages to understand the function as well as purpose of live Reply @jimangmay 4 years ago Wow! THis is the best evidence I have ever seen for Intelligent Design! Great video and kudos to the researchers who investigated these machines and systems vital for life and learned how they work! Even more kudos to the Creator of all of this! 3 Reply @hakikat_ler 4 years ago it's kinda nanonuclear reactors. what a design, what an engineering, what an art. Allah is really great! 1 Reply @unknowntexan4570 5 years ago This is designed, my friend. 3 Reply @swetaverma4448 6 years ago Sir hindi me btaiye please Reply @manhaj-e-salaf1738 5 years ago alhamdulillah.super Reply @italktoanimalsliketheyrehuman 2 years ago Who's here from zefrank's channel? Lol Reply @josealbertosalazarga 3 years ago Can anybody explain to me, how Random mutations and Natural Selection can achive this kind of amazing complexity and perfection? 1 Reply @onlyinmanchester3309 4 years ago (edited) Mitacondria are the key too eternal life maybe one day people will find this out Reply @chicka-waiiamv9202 2 years ago Memes 👇 1 Reply @gitgud4737 2 years ago parasite EVE anyone? Reply @rogerdodger8415 6 years ago Hmmm isn't this amazing. It's like throwing the alphabet into a bucket and a few million years later, Shakespeare genius comes out. Only, Shakespeare doesn't exist. 2 Reply 2 replies @benjamingross255 5 years ago NO my body has no business being this complex! 2 Reply 1 reply @trevaush 3 years ago It would be much more useful if they dropped the science speak and used plain English. Reply @juanluisclaure6485 5 years ago wao, biology interacting with electrons and protons! Reply 1 reply @patrickking9600 4 years ago "Matrix proteins do not transit through the inter-membrane space, but are directly transported from the cytoplasm across the interacting outer and inner membrane trans-locators." I've been saying this for YEARS, but do people listen to me?? No, of COURSE not. But when HarvardX comes out with it OH. WELL. Move over, Patrick, your name's not Harvard. Sheesh. Reply @marti2568 5 years ago (edited) I wuld like make a question. Wen we working out does we are stimulating increas of mitochondrial production (number if mitochondria), or we are changing number of christs (increasing inner membrane surfase) in inner membrane? Reply @scimotivateya9997 3 years ago Mitochondria is the power house of the cell y'all. These people forgot to mention that. Reply @gavin4848 2 years ago It took nature humdreds of millions of years to optimize the proteins and the process, but we are ok with writing our own RNA and using those proteins instead. One day, vs. hundreds of millions of years. Reply @sfbuck415 2 years ago whenever you reference mitochondria you have to immediately note that it is "the cell's powerhouse". it's the law. or if it isn't it should be and civilization truly is on the brink. Reply @manservantchris 2 years ago Please do one on midi-chlorians. Reply 1 reply @Carlzday 4 years ago why was this course discontinued for a verified achievement certificate ? Reply @NareshSharma-so1wo 4 years ago In hindi speek Reply @PauloZancoski 4 years ago (edited) What is coordening the tasks executed inside of the cel ? Reply @39Hundred 5 years ago In the Star Wars films, George Lucas called them “midi-chlorians”. The more midi-chlorians in your cells, the more of a connection you have with The Force. Reply @a_MhetOtw.4334 3 years ago All you need to know is, MITOCHONDRIA IS THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL! Reply @xanadu2583 5 years ago Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell Reply @kartikayphogat8534 3 years ago Mito 'the powerhouse of the cell' chondria Reply @LettersAndNumbers300 2 years ago Zoned out after “invagination” Reply @LUACHIST 5 years ago I'm just here for the meme 1 Reply @natureabioros8686 4 years ago Broke: The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell Woke: The mitochondria is the cell’s powerhouse Reply @paulmcmullan9931 5 years ago You make that look like a bugs bunny cartoon. protein pumps spin as fast as jet engines. Reply