Black Holes, Big Bangs & Quantum Theory - Michio Kaku | Modern Wisdom Po...

Black Holes, Big Bangs & Quantum Theory - Michio Kaku | Modern Wisdom Podcast 323 Chris Williamson 47,520 views May 20, 2021 Full Length Modern Wisdom Episodes Michio Kaku is the Professor of Theoretical Physics in the City College of New York, a futurist and an author. What happened before the big bang? Is there a white hole on the other end of a black hole? Can time go backwards? Are there other dimensions? Are there other parallel universes? Is there a multiverse of universes? These are all questions that are beyond our current understanding and can't be resolved using the Standard Model and General Relativity. Michio Kaku is on the quest for The God Equation - a theory of everything and today, we get to find out how close he is to discovering it. Sponsors: Get 19% discount, 5 Free Travel Packs, Free Liquid Vitamin D and Free Shipping from Athletic Greens at https://athleticgreens.com/modernwisdom (discount automatically applied) Get 10% discount on your first month from BetterHelp at https://betterhelp.com/modernwisdom (discount automatically applied) Extra Stuff: Buy The God Equation - https://amzn.to/3y6Nsw6 Check out Michio's website - https://mkaku.org/ Get my free Ultimate Life Hacks List to 10x your daily productivity → https://chriswillx.com/lifehacks/ To support me on Patreon (thank you): / modernwisdom #michiokaku #physics #universe - 00:00 Intro 00:22 Finding the Mind of God 05:53 The Standard Model & Quantum Theory 11:40 The Theory of Everything Past & Future 14:39 FOMO About Future Discoveries 18:51 What is Pure Mathematics? 20:45 Explaining String Theory to a Child 22:37 Reaching Higher Dimensions 30:54 Why Does The Planck Scale Exist? 35:10 Planck’s Attempt to Assassinate Hitler 36:40 Why Do We Have Super-voids? 39:55 LISA Preparatory Science Program 43:49 New Super Hadron Collider Location 44:47 Why We Aren’t In a Big Simulation 50:39 Ethics of Long-term Space Experiments 57:40 Where to Find Michio Kaku - Listen to all episodes online. 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Show transcript Transcript Search in video Intro 0:00 but what happened before the big bang what happened before creation is there a white hole on the other end 0:05 of a black hole can time go backwards are there other dimensions are there other parallel universes out 0:12 there is there a multiverse of universes these are all questions that are beyond our present understanding 0:21 what is the problem that you're trying to solve with a theory of everything well i first encountered the problem Finding the Mind of God 0:27 when i was eight years old a great scientist had just died it was in all the newspapers 0:33 and all they did was to publish a picture of his desk that's all they did published a picture of his desk and on 0:39 that desk was a book that was opened and the caption said the greatest scientist of our time could 0:46 not finish that book well i was stunned what 0:51 why didn't he ask his mother why didn't he simply treat it as a homebrew problem 0:56 what he couldn't finish it so i went to the library and i found out this man's name was 1:02 albert einstein and that book was the unified field 1:07 theory the theory of everything an equation no more than perhaps 1:12 one inch long that would allow us to quote read the mind of god well i was hooked 1:19 i had to know what was in that book what was so hard so when i was about 17 years of age i 1:26 wanted to be part of this great revolution i went to my mom and i said mom can i 1:32 have permission to build an atom smasher in the garage a 2.3 million electron volt beta tron 1:38 particle accelerator in the garage and my mom said sure why not and don't 1:43 forget to take out the garbage well i took out the garbage i got 400 pounds of transformer steel 1:50 22 miles of copper wire and i built a 6 kilowatt 2 million electron volt betatron 1:56 accelerator in the garage now every time i plugged it in i would blow out all the circuit 2:02 breakers in the house so my poor mom she must have said why couldn't i have a son who plays 2:08 baseball maybe if i buy my basketball and for god's sake why can't he find a nice 2:13 japanese girlfriend why does he have to build these machines in the garage well i went to the national science fair 2:21 and i met an atomic scientist there dr edward teller father of the hydrogen 2:26 bomb and he offered me a scholarship a scholarship to harvard so i took it and then when i graduated 2:35 from harvard he offered me a job and that job was to design 2:40 hydrogen warheads to be part of los alamos and livermore national 2:45 laboratories well i respectfully and graciously 2:50 declined that very generous and kind offer because i wanted to work on even bigger 2:56 explosion i wanted to work in something even more powerful than a hydrogen bomb 3:01 and that is the big bang the creation of the universe i wanted to 3:07 find the god equation the equation that set the big bang into motion that created 3:15 the big bang that caused the bang to happen you see we just know that there was a bang 3:21 that's all we know that's all we know there was a bang we don't know why it banged how it 3:26 banged we don't know anything about the bang other than the fact that there was an expanding universe anyway so i said to myself 3:33 that's what i want to work on rather than designing hydrogen warheads 3:38 why has this equation proved so difficult to discover 3:43 well because it wants to find a single paradigm a single principle a single theme 3:51 that explains the entire diversity and richness of the universe now the greeks thought they had it 3:58 democrats thought it was adams but pythagoras said no no no no it's 4:04 music only music has the richness to explain the diversity of all the 4:10 forms we see in mother nature pythagoras saw a liar string one day 4:16 he plucked it and the longer the string the lower the note and then he went by a blacksmith shop 4:22 and they were making swords the longer the sword the lower the sound had made 4:28 and then he said mathematics the mathematics of resonances can 4:35 explain music and he was right pythagoras is the founder 4:40 of our understanding of the mathematic the mathematical basis of music well today we think the music 4:47 of subatomic particles explains the entire universe now let me 4:52 explain if i have a super microscope and i look at an electron most people would say the electron is a 4:58 dot but you see we don't think so we think that it's actually a rubber band 5:05 and it vibrates when it vibrates one way from a distance we call it an electron 5:11 you twang it it vibrates another way and we call it a neutrino you track it another way it becomes a 5:17 quark you try and get enough time it becomes all the zoo 5:22 this zoo of subatomic particles that we see so physics is the harmonies just like 5:28 pythagoras thought physics is the harmonies you can write on vibrating strings 5:33 chemistry is the melodies you can play on interacting strings the universe 5:38 is a symphony of strings and then what is the mind of god 5:44 the mind of god is cosmic music resonating through hyperspace that is 5:50 the mind of god why are we struggling to get from where The Standard Model & Quantum Theory 5:56 we are now where we have standard model and we have quantum theory what why don't those two things just 6:04 nicely slot together well all of biology can be explained in the language of 6:10 chemistry all of chemistry can be explained in the language of physics 6:16 all the physics in turn can be explained as you pointed out with relativity the theory of the big 6:22 black holes big banks in the theory the small that is quantum theory 6:27 the theory of lasers and transistors the internet this conversation is made possible because of the quantum 6:34 theory now the problem is why should god have two hands a left hand and a right hand and they 6:41 don't like each other they're based on different mathematics different principles different concepts 6:47 relativity is based on smooth surfaces trampoline nets for example smooth 6:54 surfaces while the quantum theory is based on chopping things up chopping things up into particles 7:00 they're opposites in almost every sense of the word so how do you combine it well the greatest minds of our time have 7:07 tried to combine it and have failed until recently 7:12 now we realize the unifying principle between smooth surfaces and chopped up surfaces 7:20 is music the lowest octave of the string gives you all of einstein's theory and 7:26 the standard model of particles that to me is amazing for free if einstein had never 7:32 been born for free we would have discovered all of general relativity as nothing but the lowest note 7:39 the lowest octave of a tiny vibrating string to me this is absolutely stunning for 7:45 free we get the entire universe and there are higher resonances these higher octaves we think could be dark 7:52 matter could explain what we see in the big bang so these higher notes also exist and we 8:00 think that most of the universe is made out of dark matter which is invisible but we think is the fotino which is a 8:07 higher vibration of the photon does it has to be 8:13 is there inevitably an equation of everything is it possible for the universe to have 8:19 differing theories of big and small and that just be the way it is well to me it's absolutely amazing that 8:25 on one sheet of paper on one sheet of paper you can write down einstein's equation that's half an inch 8:32 and then the standard model which is really ugly clumsy it's a theory that only a mother could 8:38 love but it works what can i say it works i like to think of the standard 8:43 model with quarks and leptons and yang wheels particles this zoo i like to think of it like 8:49 taking an aardvark a platypus and a whale scotch taping it together 8:54 and declaring that to be nature's finest evolutionary achievement the end product the millions of years 9:02 of painful evolution on the planet earth look the standard model has 36 quarks 9:07 and antiquarks 23 parameters three identical generation of particles 9:13 it's so ugly that only a mother could love it but it works it worked at the low energy realm it 9:19 works until last month last month 9:24 headlines around the world in physics in physics laboratories when they found 9:29 a crack the first crack in 50 years in the standard model so the standard 9:36 model works at low energies up to 14 trillion electron volts the energy of the large hadron collider 9:43 but there's a new theory out there we think a higher theory a fifth force a fifth 9:49 force and we think that it could be the force of the string but we'll wait and see of course this 9:55 result is very new but it's shaken the world of physics because for 50 years we've been stuck 10:00 with this ugly theory called the standard model but you cannot argue with the fact that it works 10:06 can you use the energies can you sink more into that recent discovery explain what it was that was found and the implications 10:14 well every uh well there are three generations of identical particles in the standard model which is 10:20 bizarre why should mother nature have a redundancy of three anyway the electron has two partners one 10:26 of them is called the muon it weighs 200 times more than the electron but otherwise is 10:32 pretty much identical to the electron now the electron has spin so it's like a magnet it has magnetic 10:37 properties so does the muon by the way the mu1 is found in cosmic rays right now muons are going through your 10:44 body a lot of cosmic rays are in the form of muons going right through your body even as i speak you're being irradiated 10:51 by cosmic rays in outer space anyway the point is that the muon also has magnetic properties 10:58 but the standard model says they should be identical identical to the electron but they're 11:04 not two groups have now verified the fact that the muon has a differing magnetic moment than 11:10 predicted by the standard model so this gigantic foundation that we've built 11:16 has this huge crack in it meaning that there's a higher theory out there a 11:22 higher theory and we think this higher theory is mediated by another particle this other particle in turn creates a 11:29 force a fifth force and we think it could be the next octave the next vibration 11:35 of the string though of course time will tell but that is big news The Theory of Everything Past & Future 11:41 it seems to me like there's constantly progressing understandings of what we know about everything but a theory of 11:47 everything would only explain everything that we know right now surely then we would perhaps discover 11:52 more about the universe and then need to then theoretically describe the more that we found how do you know that this theory of 11:59 everything is going to be the one the only the final no more said and done draw a line under it well 12:05 let's take a look at the next layer of unsolved problems we have einstein's theory we have the quantum 12:11 theory but what happened before the big bang what happened before creation is there a white hole on the other end 12:17 of a black hole can time go backwards are there other dimensions are there other parallel universes out 12:25 there is there a multiverse of universes these are all questions that are beyond 12:30 our present understanding and cannot be resolved using the standard model and general relativity but string theory 12:38 can resolve all of them string theory takes you before the big bang 12:43 it takes you to the other side of a black hole it takes you to other dimensions other universes a new picture is 12:51 emerging this picture given to us by einstein is that the universe is a bubble 12:56 we live on the skin of the bubble and the bubble's expanding that's called the big bang theory string 13:02 theory says there are other bubbles out there there's a multiverse of bubbles 13:08 bubbles that collide with other bubbles giving a bigger bubble or bubbles that cut in half giving you 13:13 two smaller bubbles in fact stephen hawking called it the space-time foam 13:19 that space itself is foamy at the subatomic level and these bubbles can become 13:26 entire universes and so string theory says there was a world 13:31 before the big bang the big bang is just our universe but the other universe is 13:37 being created even as we speak even as we speak universes are being created and so 13:44 string takes string theory takes you way beyond einstein's theory and there are gateways gateways between 13:52 bubbles called wormholes which by the way was actually first introduced by einstein 13:58 himself in 1935. the creator of the einstein rosenbridge is albert einstein 14:04 and so there are bridges between our universe and other universes so then the next question that i get by 14:10 email is is elvis presley still alive in another parallel universe 14:16 and the answer is well probably yes probably there is another parallel 14:22 universe we can't of course enter that universe easily but there probably are other universes where 14:28 the king is still belting out hits after hits after hits 14:33 one thing i think so this takes you way beyond relativity that's the point i'm making yes yes i understand one thing i've been FOMO About Future Discoveries 14:40 considering given how much time you've dedicated to springfield theory and mathematics and 14:46 physics over your career how do you deal with the pain of not 14:51 being around for future discoveries well there's a universality to 14:58 physics that you can appreciate at any age when i write down an equation i'd like 15:04 to think that on the other side of the galaxy there's also an alien that's writing 15:09 down the same equation in different notations and that to me is 15:14 absolutely stunning a revelation the fact that you could be on another universe another galaxy and 15:21 discover the same equations now would they discover and appreciate the work of shakespeare 15:27 the work of hemingway the work of james joyce well maybe if the aliens studied english 15:32 really really hard but for the most part these are cultural artifacts 15:38 not to say that they're not relevant i think they're very relevant relevant to the human experience but that's it relevant to the human 15:46 experience if you are not a human or you don't speak english you can't appreciate 15:51 shakespeare but physics is universal it's a language that you could be of any age 15:57 anywhere and appreciate that this is a universal theory that we're talking about and that 16:04 doesn't make you feel do you have fomo about the future developments i know that i do i think about how cool do i have what 16:10 phone whatever fomo fear of missing out so 16:16 the desire to want to be here when we do get the theory of everything or when we can transport ourselves on laser beams 16:23 across the galaxy i get that i wondered whether you did 16:28 yeah well you know there's a scene in back to the future where doc brown says he's all wanted 16:34 he's always wanted to see beyond his ears in other words he's always wanted to see the future 16:41 even after he's gone okay and now he has a time machine where he can do that 16:47 but you see look at it this way we are now witnessing the greatest transition in the history of humanity 16:54 humanity for the most part for thousands of years lived in the swamp the swamp of witchcraft sorcery science 17:01 is only 300 years old and we are privileged to be alive with this exponential explosion 17:09 of knowledge in other words if i were to pick a decade if i were to pick an era where i would 17:16 like to have been born this is the cusp the cusp i think we're 17:21 at the hockey stick the inflection point right now yeah so i think further up of course we'll have even greater wonders 17:28 but you know you only you only see these wondrous things for the first time once for the first time 17:35 once you learn about atoms you learn about relativity you learn about the quantum theory you don't learn about the quantum theory 17:40 twice it's discovered once you only learn about it once we live through that era once 17:46 so we are privileged to be alive i think to be at the cusp of some of the greatest revolutions in 17:52 human history i'd like to think that the decade is the smallest unit of history 17:57 anything smaller than a decade is a random fluctuation but then if you look at the decades gone by the last few decades have been 18:05 absolutely staggering in terms of what we know about the universe so again if i were to 18:11 choose which decade to live in i think i would choose these decades because they represent 18:16 the the hockey stick the inflection point where we just are just taking off with regards to understanding 18:23 things it's a good reason you realize that you realize that our grandparents our grandparents if they were to see us 18:29 today they would think of us as being sorcerers what you can talk to someone 18:34 instantly on the other side of the world and visit them in 14 hours with an airplane 18:40 that's unheard of for our grandparents right and our grandchildren would probably we would probably think 18:46 of them as gods but the inflection point is now What is Pure Mathematics? 18:52 what do you consider mathematics to be is it universal is it some sort of 18:57 underlying fundamental nature of how the how reality exists i think it's more 19:05 than that people sometimes ask me well where did the universe come from well it came from 19:10 the big bang where did the big bang come from well it came from the god equation the solution of the god equation is the 19:16 big bang and then they say well where did the god equation come from huh huh 19:21 and you keep on going where did that come from where did that come from and then you eventually have to deal with the question of pure mathematics 19:28 you see i personally think that the god equation exists and is unique it's unique because it is 19:35 the only mathematically consistent theory now the amazing thing about string theory is that it's only mathematically 19:42 consistent in 10 and 11 dimensions in four five six dimensions it's not 19:49 consistent if you have a five dimensional string theory you can prove that two plus two is five 19:56 now obviously two plus two is not five but there there it is the proof of mathematical proof if you start with string theory in 20:02 five dimensions two plus two is 5. in other words what i'm saying is something simple 20:08 string theory is because it's the only self-consistent mathematically consistent universe 20:13 it is unique why because as soon as you deviate slightly from string theory 20:19 you have divergences it blows up and anomalies symmetries get broken so as soon as you 20:25 deviate the slightest mathematically from string theory boom all hell breaks loose in other 20:31 words the universe is because it is the only mathematically consistent universe 20:38 all other universes two plus two equals five ours is the only universe where math 20:44 makes sense einstein said that if you can't explain a theory to a child it's probably Explaining String Theory to a Child 20:50 worthless do you think that string theory fits that criteria 20:55 yeah you know when when children are born we're born scientists we want to know where we came 21:00 from where the stars shine we want to know everything and then we hit the greatest killer of 21:06 scientists known to science the greatest killer of scientists known to science is 21:11 well public education when you're around 13 14 15 years of age at that point it's 21:17 all memorization just memorization we lose young bright scientists by the 21:24 millions every day because they're forced to learn things that they know are totally irrelevant boring 21:30 so how should you teach it the way einstein thought using things that children understand 21:37 that is principles concepts things that stay with you 21:43 because they're pictorial they have a picture take a look at news and laws of motion it's all about balls hitting other balls 21:50 balls circulating around the balls look at einstein's theory relativity it's all about meter sticks 21:56 levers pulleys stop watches it's about things you can touch things you can measure 22:01 and what is string theory music so the point of raising is something simple these are things that children 22:08 can understand children can understand oh yeah that's how newton's laws work forces act over balls that bump into each other 22:15 you can understand einstein when you realize that space and time is a fabric these are all pictorial and then string 22:22 theory says everything is reduced to music children can understand that so that's why i think that all great theories are 22:29 pictorial conceptual with a principle and all the useless theories are just pure 22:35 mathematics yeah have you got any thought Reaching Higher Dimensions 22:40 experiments that we can do to explain how we get into a higher dimension what a higher 22:46 dimension might look like i know look is probably the wrong word to use here but how can people envision us getting 22:53 out of three and into four or more dimensions well when i was a child i used to go to 22:59 the japanese tea garden in san francisco and there's a pond there with carp swimming in two dimensions 23:06 i used to stare at them for hours they could go left right forward backward but up up into the 23:13 third dimension is beyond their understanding there is no up in their world and then i imagine there 23:20 was a scientist fish a scientist fish would say ba humbug there's no third dimension what 23:26 you see is what there is what you see is the pond the pond is two dimensional that's it 23:33 end of story there's no third dimension and then i imagine grabbing the fish 23:38 lifting the scientist fish into the third dimension what would the scientist fish see he 23:44 would see beings moving without fins a new law of physics 23:50 beings breathing without water a new law of biology 23:55 now what i'm telling you this is that many physicists not everybody but many 24:01 physicists believe that we are the fish we spent all our life 24:07 in three dimensions going forward backward left right up down but anyone who dares talk about a higher 24:14 dimension a fourth fifth sixth dimension is considered a crackpot a crazy a 24:20 mystic a magician but actually we think that the universe is probably 10 or 11 dimensional why because we have 24:28 four fundamental forces gravity electromagnetism and the two nuclear forces 24:33 in three dimensions they don't fit together like a jigsaw puzzle you try to put the equations together 24:38 and they don't fit einstein spent 30 years trying to push gravity 24:44 and electricity and magnetism into one theory and he failed so i like to think of it this way in 24:50 hyperspace there's enough room enough room to fit all the four forces into one theory 24:58 i like to think of it this way at the beginning of time there was a crystal a beautiful gorgeous crystal that was 25:05 three-dimensional but it had a flaw and it had a flaw in it and it cracked and it shattered all the pieces onto a 25:12 sheet of paper on that sheet of paper the flatlanders flatlanders saw this 25:18 shower of pieces of crystal landing all over their world and they said let's put it together so 25:24 after many many hours and years of work the flatlanders finally assembled the pieces into 25:30 two chunks one chunk they called relativity 25:35 the other chunk they called quantum theory but they didn't fit in two dimensions it didn't fit and so 25:41 they were frustrated and then one day a flatlander had this outrageous heretical preposterous idea 25:49 why didn't you lift lift one of these pieces into the third dimension and turn it around and put the two 25:57 pieces together and would fit just perfectly well the flatlanders laughed and laughed they 26:03 said what there is no third dimension it's a figment of some imagination or 26:09 or some science fiction novel there's no third dimension but in a computer in the computer they 26:14 could lift one piece turn it around in the third dimension and the crystal fit perfectly in other 26:21 words what i'm saying is something very simple in hyperspace there's enough room to fit all the 26:27 jigsaw pieces together to create one jewel that is the super force that created the big 26:35 bang the original flatland book when i read that i really really enjoyed it 26:41 it feels a little bit like plato's allegory of the cave you know where you have the heretics you 26:47 have this unknown banished insight about the world that's not supposed to 26:53 be it's not supposed to be seen it's not supposed to be spoken about i uh i think you can get it for free 26:58 online it's downloadable.pdf anyone that's interested in the original flatland story it's really really interesting um and 27:05 also i should point out that artists have been fascinated by this because it's a new way of seeing reality 27:11 salvador dali was fascinated by the fourth dimension he went to brown university and actually 27:16 buttonholed friends of mine thomas banshoff mathematician you wanted to know everything about the fourth dimension so 27:24 if i take a hypercube well i'll tell you i take a box a cardboard box unravel it 27:29 if i unravel a cardboard box what do i get across well if i take a hypercube and unravel a 27:35 hypercube i get a three-dimensional cross a tesseract and so salvador dali 27:41 painted jesus christ crucified in the fourth dimension it is one of his great paintings 27:47 hypercubicus crucifixion google it and you'll see jesus christ crucified on a four-dimensional 27:54 unraveled hypercube and what is a signature image of salvador dali melted clocks 28:03 melted clocks was his way representing the fourth dimension the fourth dimension of time in his 28:10 canvas in his works of art so you see artists have been fascinated by these higher dimensions 28:15 because higher dimensions represent a sliver a sliver of a higher reality also if you saw the movie 28:23 interstellar with matthew mcconaughey at the end of the movie he winds up on string theory at the end 28:30 of the movie matthew mcconaughey is floating floating inside a hypercube why because 28:36 that was a hollywood's attempt to have matthew mcconaughey float in the 11th dimension 28:42 and of course it's very difficult to do that in a two-dimensional screen but that's as close as hollywood can get 28:48 and so they have matthew mcconaughey floating in a hypercube in the final scenes of the movie 28:55 that's the most dolly thing that i've ever heard arriving at some poor mathematician's office and 29:02 bothering him until he gets his answer i i recently gave a tedx talk and i did a lot of research about dali for it 29:08 did you know that his parents thought he was the reincarnation of his dead brother 29:14 who had been born nine months before that with the same name so they gave birth to someone called 29:19 dali and this child died sadly 29:24 and then the new dali was born and he believed and they believed 29:29 that he was the reincarnation of his dead sort of infant brother which i mean when 29:35 when that's how your life begins it probably makes a fair bit of sense that the rest of it's going to be non 29:41 non-typical to say the least also when you look at picasso 29:47 cubism cubism in some sense is also based on the concept of the fourth dimension 29:53 because you're talking about the the fact that you're looking at an object through a different lens 29:59 and the lens is the lens of the fourth dimension and so cubism also was inspired 30:04 by the fourth dimension and around the year 1900 around the year 1900 a lot of christian 30:11 theologians had a problem telescopes were becoming more powerful they looked in the heavens 30:17 and they asked a question where is heaven everywhere they looked they couldn't see heaven and so 30:23 that led clergymen with a problem for generations they were saying that heaven is up there 30:28 but now telescopes became popular and there was no up there and so where did heaven go hyperspace 30:36 and that's why theologians christian theologians at the turn of the century wrote treaties treaties about higher 30:43 dimensions because that is where heaven is located it's the hyperspace of the gaps going on 30:49 there isn't it hyperspace that's right that's where that's where it all takes place Why Does The Planck Scale Exist? 30:55 why do you think the planck scale exists why is there a smallest measurement of 31:01 anything well the greeks asked that question what is the smallest interval 31:08 zeno had that famous paradox that to go across a river you have to go through the halfway point 31:15 to go to the halfway point you have to go to the quarter point the eighth point well how many points 31:20 are there when you cross a river an infinite number so if it takes a 31:25 infinite amount of time to go through an infinite number of points then nothing can move nothing 31:32 can move because to move you have to go through an infinite number of points which takes an infinite amount of time 31:39 therefore nothing can move and of course it was calculus the coming of calculus that finally got around that 31:46 but now physicists are coming back to that again what is the shortest distance possible 31:52 and we think the shortest distance is the planck length the shortest time is the planck time the 31:58 shortest energy is the planck energy now what is that the planck energy is 10 to the 19 billion electron volts 32:05 that is a quadrillion times more powerful than the large hadron collider outside geneva switzerland 32:11 in other words it is the big bang it is the energy content of the smallest 32:17 distance which we think is the big bang itself and then the question is how do we make 32:24 sense of the fact that there is a smallest distance okay well this is where string theory comes in people want to know how big is 32:31 the string right if a string vibrates and it's an electron vibrates another way it's a neutrino 32:37 well how big is it it is the planck length so in other words there is a shortest distance the 32:44 shortest distance is given by string theory and is that because it's a building block is it right to think of it like 32:51 that like a fundamental smallest pixel size of existence in string theory you cannot go 32:57 smaller than the planck length in fact when you you when you even try to get smaller than the planck length 33:03 another universe opens up which is the opposite of our universe so another universal so in other words 33:10 it's the reflection of our universe right when you go inside a string so in other words you cannot get smaller than 33:16 a string that's the point of making so i'm not saying that string theory is correct i'm saying that if it is correct 33:21 it means that there is a smallest distance oh and also let me answer another question people often say well 33:27 let's say i don't like string theory give me an alternative well there is none now that doesn't mean 33:35 string theory is correct but it has no alternatives you see a unified field theory has to satisfy 33:41 three criteria three criteria you solve it and you become the next einstein 33:47 first you have to include relativity second the standard model with electrons quartz 33:53 neutrons protons and third it has to be mathematically consistent string theory satisfies all three no 34:00 other theory can make that claim let me repeat that again people have tried 34:06 for a hundred years people have tried but no other theory can satisfy these three criteria 34:11 so if one of your listeners ever finds that one-inch equation that satisfies everything more powerful 34:17 than string theory what should you do email you you should tell me tell me first and we'll split the nobel 34:24 prize money together we'll go down in history you and me if you're going to find that one 34:30 equation now string theory can be summarized by an equation an inch and a half long that's my equation that's called string 34:36 field theory however now they're membranes which is a spoiler we now realize that 34:42 strains can coexist with membranes and so we want a field theory of strings and membranes so far we don't have that 34:48 sorry about that so that's where we're stuck right now but that's a mathematical problem 34:54 so i think that some young enterprising kid out there could mathematically solve it and tell 34:59 me first i will make sure that some sort of contact detail like you need like a 9-1-1 35:05 sos i've got it line available 24 hours a day in man one of Planck’s Attempt to Assassinate Hitler 35:11 the maddest things that i learned so your new book got equation one of the craziest things that i learned was 35:16 a single sentence in there and it's that max planck's son tried to assassinate hitler yeah that's 35:22 right is that amazing what on earth is that well punk was a very in some sense 35:30 mild conventional person he followed the rules and he stumbled upon the quantum theory 35:36 one of the greatest theories of all time sort of by accident and when hitler rose 35:41 to power he actually visited hitler and tried to argue with hitler but hitler just blew his top and said 35:49 the jews i can't tolerate jewish physicists and pluck was saying you're destroying physics all the jewish physicists are 35:56 leaving are leaving germany he didn't care and so plank was ever the gentleman the irony 36:02 is he lit a tragedy of isla a tragedy that his son was tortured tortured by the nazis because the son 36:09 tried to assassinate hitler and so um planck lived through world war ii but 36:16 it was a life of tragedy in some sense tragedy of war even though he himself was not a 36:22 revolutionary he was a very mild very polite kind of person 36:27 he didn't like controversy i mean he didn't like to get in the middle of a heated argument 36:33 but his own son tried to assassinate hitler that's right crazy absolutely crazy Why Do We Have Super-voids? 36:41 why do you think we have super voids i've been learning about the super void 36:48 which is this huge big hole essentially in the visible universe have 36:54 you got any idea why we have these massive voids oh you mean in the uh cosmic microwave 37:00 background i think it's to do with more to do with the mapping of galaxies that there are these big chunks where 37:07 you would expect this uniform uniformity of distribution between the galaxies and we have these supervoids where there 37:14 are large swaths of space and very very few galaxies which is 37:19 not what should be predicted right you should have that uniformity yeah there are two kinds of voids one 37:25 the void that you mentioned is the void when you look at on a galactic scale that the the density of galaxies is not 37:32 totally uniform the other gap is when you look at the cosmic background radiation 37:37 which should be totally uniform it is basically a baby picture of the shock wave that 37:43 gave birth to the big bang the cosmic microwave background that also has a gap in it 37:49 and we're not talking about cosmic gaps in the structure of the universe itself 37:55 some people think these are evidence of an umbilical cord 38:01 an umbilical cord connecting our infant universe to a parent universe so you see we're going to launch a 38:07 satellite called lisa which may answer many of these questions this is the laser interferometry space 38:12 antenna the european space agency and nasa is backing it it'll detect gravity waves 38:19 from the instant of creation not 400 000 years after the big bang no the 38:25 instant of the big bang it's going to give us baby pictures we're going to get baby pictures from 38:31 the infant universe and maybe just maybe we'll find evidence of an umbilical cord 38:38 an umbilical cord connecting our baby universe to a parent universe if that's true 38:44 there has to be a birthmark we have a belly button so what we what we could be looking at 38:51 is the belly button of the universe now again this is where we have to have 38:57 a new theory the old theory simply says there was a bang it doesn't say why it bang it 39:02 didn't say howard bang the big bang theory just says there was a bang okay 39:07 however string theory should also say how it banged why it banged and 39:14 therefore if there's an umbilical cord there should be some scar left behind and some people think that could be the 39:20 origin of these gaps but again that's just a theory i suppose if you're talking about the 39:26 foam and the bubbles the intersecting bubbles and the fissioning bubbles as well as those were 39:31 to pull apart i imagine that that final moment as well would also potentially be a reason for that or the collision of 39:38 universes too universities can collide and if so there should be a remnant a scar in our universe and how would we 39:46 find it we would find it in the density of galaxies and the density of the microwave background radiation 39:52 that's where the scar would be how is this cosmic scale how big is this LISA Preparatory Science Program 39:57 lisa thing how is it going to work is about a million miles across think of 40:02 three satellites connected by laser beams making a triangle 40:08 the triangle picks up vibrations from the instant of the big bang and jiggles jiggles these three 40:14 satellites that causes an interference pattern which can be photographed 40:19 and so by looking at interference patterns we can then detect the get a baby picture 40:26 of the infant universe as it's being born now take a look at ligo ligo 40:33 does the same thing except these detectors are separated by a few miles 40:38 now we're talking about going to outer space where detectors can be separated by millions of miles not just a few miles 40:46 like in ligo but millions of miles giving us a sensitivity to understand 40:53 the instant of creation you see ligo is a gravity wave detector 40:58 gravity waves go right through the haze of the original big bang microwaves do not therefore when you 41:05 look at the cosmic microwave background when you get a haze that's all it is you 41:10 get ripples on the haze but it's a haze no structures you don't get a feeling of what happened at the instant of the big 41:16 bang that's where lisa comes in it's going to give us baby pictures of the instant of creation 41:22 so some people say that we're not going to be able to prove string theory that's not correct there are many ways 41:28 of proving string theory one is by going to lisa finding out what happened at the incident of the big bang another one is 41:35 finding out about dark matter what is dark matter it could be the next octave the next octave of the string and what 41:42 about cracks in the standard model is there a fifth force well maybe just last month we found 41:47 evidence of a fifth force and four the chinese 41:53 the japanese and the europeans are now proposing the successor to the large hedron collider 42:00 which may be powerful enough to reveal uh the next octave of the string 42:05 and lastly higher dimensions can be measured by looking at deviations from the inverse square law 42:11 when you're in high school you learn that if you double the distance between you and the star gravity goes down by 4. why because 2 42:18 times 2 is 4. it goes down by the square why the square why not the cube why not the quartic the 42:26 quintic the septet because space is 3-dimensional but in your in your living room 42:31 if space has a higher dimension the inverse square law should be violated as small distances now people have never 42:39 done that they've never really looked at deviations from the inverse square law in your living room but that's the next set of experiments 42:46 was isaac newton correct not on a galactic scale but on the scale of your living room 42:53 that could be evidence of a of a higher dimension in your living room do you know where 42:58 they're planning on putting lisa is it going to be in between us and mars have you got do they have to 43:05 reserve some it'll be the sun it won't orbit the earth it'll orbit the 43:10 sun okay and it'll be three satellites launched into outer space connected by laser 43:15 beams and it'll be orbiting the sun rather than orbiting the earth because it is really a detector for the 43:22 ages for the universe itself with nothing to do with the earth at all so it'll be orbiting the sun 43:28 now the fundy was approved but it's been delayed but google it lisa and you'll see that 43:35 um it's gone through several incarnations but the thrust of it is to get baby 43:42 pictures of the instance of creation and also what happens when black holes collide these generate gravity waves New Super Hadron Collider Location 43:49 where are they going to put this new version this new super hadron collider where's that going to be have you got 43:55 any idea of the location of that well the japanese have proposed uh japan as the 44:00 place for it uh called the ilc international linear collider in japan 44:06 but if japan has the highest number of earthquakes in the world so 44:13 you have to be a little bit careful there uh that's like putting slack uh the stanford linear accelerator 44:18 center near the san andreas fault in california 44:24 they had to put the accelerator on rollers to compensate for earthquakes that periodically ripple through 44:30 california the same thing probably with the japanese accelerator they probably have to put it on rollers 44:37 to realign it every time there's an earthquake that is very funny that you have to 44:42 account for the fact that the earth's going to move as you're desperately trying to detect something from a couple of billion years ago i know that you're not a believer or at Why We Aren’t In a Big Simulation 44:49 least you are a skeptic of whether or not we're living in a simulation i wondered whether you could explain 44:54 your justification for that yeah very simply um what is the smallest object that can realistically model 45:02 the weather let's say i i take a fishbowl of air what is the smallest object that 45:09 can mathematically model that well of course newton's laws of motion say that there's lots of 45:14 trillions of atoms you have to mimic the emotion of each of these atoms and you begin to realize that no 45:21 computer on the earth can do that the smallest object that can model the weather is 45:26 the weather itself anything smaller would violate the the universal gas law 45:32 the simple properties of gases and so that's just a pure gas now try to 45:38 simulate us try to simulate reality and then add the quantum theory the 45:44 quantum theory makes it a lot worse that's just that you have trillions of possibilities you now have 45:50 infinite possibilities with the quantum theory and so that's why i'm saying that the 45:55 people who believe in the simulation theory don't understand quantum mechanics 46:00 that even newtonian mechanics makes it impossible to simulate reality and quantum mechanics makes it even 46:06 worse because you have to take into all possible universes in your simulation as well for example 46:13 when you look in a mirror you're not really looking at yourself when you look in the mirror you're looking at yourself as you were 46:20 about a billionth of a second ago because that's what it takes for light to go from you to the mirror and 46:25 back about a billionth of a second and it's even worse because you are a wave you coexist with 46:33 an infinite number of waves and some of these waves drift off even while you're talking to somebody 46:38 some of these waves wind up on mars tomorrow in fact for our phd students we give 46:44 them the question what is the probability that they'll wind up on mars tomorrow it's calculable use the heisenberg and 46:50 study principle and you find out that you have to wait longer than the lifetime of the universe 46:56 to wind up on mars tomorrow but it's calculable if you could if you could live longer 47:01 than the lifetime of the universe then one of your versions of you will wind up on mars tomorrow 47:07 so with simulation theory it gets worse and that's just the quantum theory of 47:12 you to simulate a city a metropolis with people in it 47:18 just boggles the imagination as to what's required quantum mechanically so in other words we do not live in a 47:25 video game where somebody pushes the play button and here we are moving 47:30 there's no play button for the universe uh science is based on things that are testable falsifiable reproducible 47:37 the simulation theory is not testable not falsifiable and not reproducible 47:44 so it doesn't qualify as a science now that doesn't mean that it's not interesting it just means that it's outside the 47:50 boundary of science it's sort of like god can you prove or disprove the existence of god 47:57 i don't think so it's outside of science like can you disprove the existence of unicorns 48:02 no you cannot disprove the existence of unicorns because no matter how good 48:09 you are at searching through the earth maybe it's a unicorn hiding someplace 48:15 so you can never disprove the existence of unicorns so you can never disprove the existence 48:21 of god and you can never disprove the simulation theory which means 48:26 it's not a science but it's fun to ask and it's fun to think about 48:31 it is like thinking about god it's not a measurable testable quantity 48:37 let me give you another example a reincarnation you mentioned reincarnation before i was at a party once and a woman said 48:45 that she's cleopatra the reincarnation of cleopatra so i answered some simple questions and 48:51 she got them all wrong about cleopatra but then she said that doesn't matter i am cleopatra 48:59 and all the history books are wrong at that point she stopped me cold cold 49:05 she stopped me and i said she's right if she is cleopatra all the history books 49:12 are wrong so how can i disprove her and i realize that this is beyond science you cannot 49:18 disprove that you cannot disprove the existence of unicorns you cannot disprove the 49:23 existence of clairvoyance i mean of reincarnation as 49:29 is there a term for that particular type of bias is it just unfalsifiability 49:36 uh yeah it's outside the boundary of physics it's metaphysics metaphysics is what is beyond physics 49:43 and physics of course is based on things that are testable reproducible falsifiable that's how we 49:48 know that when you jump off a building gravity is going to take you to the floor you're not going to float if you jump off a building right 49:55 so that's physics but that's not reincarnation angels how do you disprove the existence 50:01 of angels you can't they're things that are outside the boundaries of science because science is 50:06 only based on testability reproducibility falsifiability 50:11 angels are not quantifiable they're not testable and they're outside the boundaries of 50:16 science that doesn't mean they exist it doesn't mean they don't exist either it just means science says nothing 50:23 about them it feels like that unfalsifiability paradigm that 50:29 you've just explained there is being used by a lot of people at the moment a lot of people in 2021 to 50:35 explain all manner of of things one and you've talked a lot about futurism and Ethics of Long-term Space Experiments 50:42 considering our potential descendants behavior as we move forward have you 50:49 considered the ethics about somebody deciding that they're going to board 50:55 a long traveling ship so you're going to spend you as a human 51:01 are going to decide that you will volunteer to travel to alpha centauri and it's going to take 51:07 10 000 years let's say at some particular speed have you considered the ethics of that 51:12 person making that decision and essentially cursing or blessing 51:18 their children to be born live and die on a ship 51:25 well that question has many parts to it i'm trying to figure out which part you want me to address just have you considered the ethics of 51:31 whether or not what it would be like for somebody to make that decision about whether or not it is even an ethical decision to be made like should 51:37 we should we be permitting people to make that sort of a decision for unborn humans yet 51:43 i'm aware that it's not something that we need to be concerned about just yet but given the fact that it is something 51:48 we need to do at some point 51:54 well there are many facets to that first of all 52:00 first of all the dinosaurs did not have a space program that's why they're not here today they 52:09 couldn't leave the earth so when an asteroid came it wiped them out sorry about that they had no space 52:15 program we do have a space program so when we're hit by an asteroid one day 52:20 some people may say well we have a space program let's go to alpha centauri let's go there because the alternative 52:27 is to go the way the dinosaurs then i think it's perfectly ethical to say 52:33 well yeah we have the rocket ship let's go to colonize a new planet we just 52:38 discovered a nice planet a doppelganger of the earth orbiting alpha centauri or proxima 52:43 centauri so let's go there even if it takes you know many many years to do that so i think it's an ethical decision that 52:51 you know we need we need to have plan b we need to have an insurance policy 52:56 so that humanity can survive even if the dinosaurs didn't survive because they didn't have a space program 53:02 you know one of the most depressing passages in the english language was written by bertrand russell the 53:08 famous mathematician who said that for all the greatness of humans for 53:14 all the tears that we've shed for all the bravery that we've exhibited heroism it's all for nothing 53:21 absolutely nothing because when the sun dies the earth will die with it and it's the 53:29 law of physics inescapable the sun will die and we will die with it 53:35 well that was written in the 1930s today we laugh at that because well look that's the way the 53:41 dinosaurs went we don't have to go that way we have rocket ships and so it becomes an ethical question 53:49 do we want to exercise that option of going into a rocket ship and leaving the 53:54 earth so we don't have to die when the sun dies in fact i think the universe is going to die 54:01 the second law of thermodynamics says that in a closed system everything eventually decays rots 54:08 dies that's the second law of thermodynamics physics has a death warrant for humanity 54:16 that we will necessarily have to die but you see there's a flaw a flaw in the second law 54:22 of thermodynamics i said in a closed system things 54:28 necessarily decay and die what happens if there's an open system 54:33 an open system where you can have a wormhole and escape to another universe 54:39 which is warmer so leaving the universe is an option 54:45 that we have to think about trillions of years from now when the universe gets very cold when 54:51 the universe consists of black holes dead neutron stars and nuclear debris 54:56 of leaving the universe because we will have the energy to bend the fabric of space-time we'll have the planck energy and maybe 55:03 we'll find a loophole in the second law of thermodynamics by building a dimensional lifeboat and 55:10 sailing to under the universe another universe which is warmer and younger 55:16 and we can mess up that universe as well so we'll have two universes to mess up 55:22 so i think it is an ethical decision but if the alternative is the second law of through my dynamics 55:27 which is death then i think it's an option that we have to think about in the face of complete 55:32 annihilation it does make a lot of sense and you're right as well the no matter what time scale you decide to 55:39 look on as it stretches further and further out into the future the the outcomes are just increasingly grave 55:45 we need to get off earth okay we need to get out of the milky way okay we need to get out of and so on and so on out of the universe yeah precisely at 55:52 some point that's where the god equation comes in the god equation is perhaps the only way 55:57 to leave the universe is to master the plank energy 56:02 by the way let me just end one last note if i have a microwave oven and i heat up water the microwave oven 56:10 will eventually boil the water if i crank it up some more the water itself will ionize 56:16 and you'll have a bunch of ions you crank it up even hotter then the ions fall apart into nucleons 56:23 and protons and neutrons you crank it up more and it turns into a quark gas 56:29 a gas of quarks you turn it up more and then what happens you just keep on turning it up turning it up 56:36 at some point space becomes unstable it begins to boil space 56:42 begins to boil just like water when you heat it up water begins to boil what is the point 56:50 in which that happens the planck energy at the planck energy you turn it up bubbles begin to form 56:56 and what are these bubbles wormholes wormholes to other universes right in 57:02 your microwave oven what is the energy the planck energy an energy 57:07 quadrillion times more powerful than the large on collider but it's a number 57:14 you can write on a sheet of paper it's a number that an advanced civilization millions of years more 57:19 advanced than us may play with if they become masters of the planck energy 57:25 then they can boil space and create gateways to other universes 57:32 michio kaku ladies and gentlemen the god equation a quest for a theory of everything will be linked in the show notes below 57:38 why should people go if they want to keep in touch with the rest of your work as well oh also my website you can go to my Where to Find Michio Kaku 57:44 website mkaku.org mkaku.org fantastic 57:50 thank you catch you later on thank you very much for tuning in if you enjoyed that then press here for 57:56 a selection of the best clips from the podcast over the last few months and don't forget to subscribe 58:01 it makes me very happy indeed peace 58:10 you Chris Williamson 2.88M subscribers Videos About 147 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... Pinned by Chris Williamson @ChrisWillx 3 years ago Press Subscribe for more videos where I haven't shaved for 3 weeks. 21 Reply 2 replies @JosephNoussair 3 years ago One thing that has always impressed me about Michio Kaku is what a dear, agreeable man he is. He clearly loves people, and meets them where they are. 27 Reply 1 reply @TM-st2ye 3 years ago Brother Chris... this was an absolute privilege to listen to. I have never said "Wow!" so many times in my life. Brilliant and thank you for this wonderful conversation. 18 Reply 1 reply @martynspooner5822 3 years ago I just love the many different guests and the amount of topics covered. Thanks for all the great content. 11 Reply @RosieAmlett 3 years ago I was all smiles listening to this on my drive today. What a treasure this man is his enthusiasm is contagious 3 Reply 2 replies @xc7525 3 years ago wow. If only this was taught in school. Beautiful perception of energy and our place in it. Gorgeous video. 3 Reply @ChristosRym 2 years ago Best Michio Kaku Interview I saw! 1 Reply @adventureswithjonny87 2 years ago I love listening to Dr kaku, but I could do his interviews for him at this point. 1 Reply @ClaudiaMitchell-jn7fw 1 year ago Michiu Kaku is such a sweet intellectual ! ❤️ 1 Reply @amaurys93 3 years ago I once saw a lecture by Michio Kaku when he visited my University in 2012-2013. Very fascinating and insightful individual 4 Reply @thanuhema710 3 years ago I love Michio Kaku. 1 Reply 1 reply @metamentality9818 3 years ago incredible how Michio Kaku just casually explains all the deepest mechanisms of reality in the first 7 mins 2 Reply @fl260 3 years ago My man, I am so happy for you. You're really getting to talk with some of the most interesting people on the face of this planet. You are living the dream. 1 Reply @CryptowSky 11 months ago Obsessed with this topic Reply @Thegreat772 3 years ago Your content is gold 🏆 you deserve way more views. Love this stuff. 1 Reply @Atmanyatri 3 years ago Fascinating conversation. Thank you very much. 1 Reply @Logos-Nomos 3 years ago Science is far older than 300 years! 2 Reply @DavidNWalker 3 years ago Brilliant! Would like to hear the discussion on dimensions and different time dimensions. 2 Reply @tanvirjahan9557 3 years ago He got all the answers! 2 Reply 2 replies @Teasehirt 3 years ago Awesome Conversation - Thank You. 1 Reply @Fanaro 1 year ago 33:03 If you can't go smaller than the Planck length, then are Black Holes not infinitesimal? 1 Reply @lokfungchoi3871 3 years ago I just realized that Michio Kaku is one mustache away from being Albert Einstein. 6 Reply @adrianmeyer2157 3 years ago That was some seriously deep shit man, very interesting but most of it went over my head haha 6 Reply @dylan8487 3 years ago 16:06 Do you have fomo hahahaha! Nah man Chris, this guy is from another generation :) 9 Reply @oldmangimp2468 3 years ago Remember kids, gravity isn't just a good idea.... . . . ...it's the LAW! 1 Reply @natalytapia2772 3 years ago When I sit here high af trying to understand all this 😭 2 Reply 1 reply @elisejanelacubtan1135 3 years ago I've learned a lot more here than in school 😭 1 Reply @anne-marienordin7636 3 years ago Thank you! Wonderful!🌹🌹🌹 1 Reply @caligurl56xoxo 3 years ago I wonder if Michael Tellenger has a piece of the answer in SoAfrica at Adams Calender & the multitude of stone circles? 2 Reply @gmotionedc5412 3 years ago Oh no not the Einstein book story AGAIN?!?!? Can’t do it. 3 Reply 3 replies @wulphstein 7 months ago Alien technology is not easy to explain. But if you break it into pieces, (1) the building blocks of spacetime (2) the agent that generates the building blocks of spacetime, (3) a computer directed version of the agent that generates the blocks of spacetime, then it is possible to understand alien technology. It is a fact that theoretical physicists focus on all the wrong things. What they should be focusing on is (a) what is spacetime made of and (b) how are physics constants stored/expressed. If you look at (i) the two slit interference pattern wave function, (ii) the big bang expansion, (iii) Huygens Principle, and (iv) light cones, you get the intuitive impression that the building blocks must be something that expands because the whole universe is expanding. Not only are the building blocks of spacetime expanding, but they must be expand at the speed of light. That is why special relativity is true: because the agents that enforce physics, including relativity and quantum mechanics, have the speed of light built into them. One can then infer that if these agents that enforce speed of light, or you can think of it as the building blocks of spacetime, not only express the speed of light, but then they probably express ALL of the physics constants: Planck constant h, gravitational constant of the universe, G, etc, etc. So if you look at certain experiments, there does seem to be an expanding sphere that (1) expands like a water ripple at the speed of light, (2) the two slit experiment has a wave function that behaves like an expanding ripple. Wave functions are mathematical solution to the Schrodinger equation which is the foundation of quantum mechanics. Wave functions can behave like a lot of different mathematical solutions, like the Hydrogen atom wave function, parallel waves, crystals, etc. If the most brilliant of minds are very certain that quantum mechanics is correct, and quantum mechanics is built upon the mathematics of wave functions, then it could be because there is something in nature that behaves like wave functions. And we call that the Expanding Sphere Model. Expanding Spheres not only express the physics constants, but the surface area of the expanding sphere does two things: (1) it's the electromagnetic field that, when energized, becomes the photon. (2) The surface area is itself a gravity wave that exerts positive gravitational pressure. The outer surface of the Expanding Sphere is a virtual photon, unless there is energy E = hf on the surface of the sphere which would make it a real photon. The inside of the Expanding sphere contains dark energy (which is what causes the universe to expand). That dark energy is the positive pressure of gravity. When these Expanding spheres expand, there is a small chance that they could be absorbed by particles, which causes particle-wave duality. When you have to fight gravity to get out of bed in the morning, all of the empty space of the heavens is pushing down on you. The reason you feel gravity is because the planet Earth is absorbing a bunch of the Expanding Spheres causing an absence of positive pressure. That absence of positive pressure, is the gravity that we experience. I'm going to skip over the concept of the Inflaton and its Planck constants, Planck length, Planck time. The basic idea is that the expanding gravitons are being generated by units of Planck spacetime (L_p)^3*tau_p. There is a lot of information that is being skipped over for now. But the important connection to Alien Technology is that, there is a natural Inflaton that generates the Expanding spheres. It's more like the Big Bang began is a single Inflaton that began the lineage of Expanding Spheres. All of this is natural, the watch maker analogy of a finely constructed set of laws of nature to govern the universe. The constants are fixed. One expanding sphere is released per unit of Planck-spacetime, every Planck second. Each expanding sphere contains a specified quantity of dark energy that correlates to the Gravitational constant of the universe. Or at least that is our present theory. In a universe created by a Creator, it is possible that the Creator wanted to prevent atheists from flourishing technologically. The easy way to do that is to require a "petition to the Creator to be granted access to advanced technology". Atheists don't believe such is required. Atheists will be stuck on planet Earth. That's fine. However, I believe in Intelligent Design, and I would petition the Creator to obtain such advanced technology. This is how I think it would work. A Planck unit of spacetime has a volume of (L_p = 10^-34 meters)^3. It emits an Expanding sphere every Planck second. If it were possible to petition the Creator for the use of units of Planck spacetime that are not fixed, but are programmable. And this is where Alien Technology gets difficult. A granted petition would mean that you now have access to, and control over, a quantity of Programmable Planck Spacetime volume cubes. Each cube has a memory address, just like in a RAM chip, that allows the address to be written to or read from. Writing to the address allows it to be programmed with physics information. The hard part is that you are going to need a closed surface area number of Planck Spacetime volume cubes, enough to surround a spacecraft. That is a lot of spacetime cubes. And every one of them needs an address. There is not enough computer power on the planet Earth to be able to control that many Spacetime cubes. Just to estimate the number of Spacetime cubes needed to create a square meter of Planck spacetime, one cube thick, would be about (10^34)^2 = 10^68. It might be possible to get away with less computer power, by controlling square millimeters at a time (milliseconds). For purposed of just moving around a spaceship with a warp field, all you have to do is surround the spaceship with a closed surface area of Planck Spacetime cubes. Program the rear half to absorb the dark energy of incoming Expanding spheres, and you can move forward at whatever speed you wish. Conservation of momentum doesn't apply. Inertial dampeners are unnecessary because the close surface of Planck Spacetime cubes creates a dominant inertial reference frame that doesn't even vibrate when you're moving. Reply @PerennialDew 3 years ago I like Chris with facial hair 3 Reply @simonbourassa4378 3 years ago I think i saw today that they've just found a positive particle that can become negative and come back positive. 1 Reply @ericdraven3654 1 year ago Amazing ❤ Reply @dyrwtkhiehomie7887 1 year ago What are the odds that aliens are just universe hopping immortals? 2 Reply @JamesBrewerDJ 3 years ago Chris Williamson...the thinking mans Joe Rogan without that coffee stuff he is always sharping! 1 Reply @mckincygolokeh7991 3 years ago Michio, yes, there was a bang! A really big bang!!!! 2 Reply @TheWiseElder 3 years ago “The mind of God is cosmic music resonating through hyperspace” …and I’m out! lol 12 Reply @mckincygolokeh7991 3 years ago Much respect Michio! However, you and block-headed Niel have spent your lives explaining! 1 Reply @mckincygolokeh7991 3 years ago Minute 57: this is how you seduce young scientist! Practical assertions that leaves the mind running, following and imagining! Seductive! 2 Reply @oldmangimp2468 3 years ago Figuring out a single equation that covers life, the university, and everything (the Unified Field Theory) is extremely difficult. . The answer is simple. . 42. 1 Reply 1 reply @angrymeowngi 3 years ago He strangely looks like a Japanese Einstein, which is fitting because he admires him as we all do. 1 Reply @sonarbangla8711 3 years ago Hundreds of years ago eastern mystics discovered there is no fundamental building blocks of the universe. Atoms, quarks....electrons... strings, etc., its turtles all the way down. 1 Reply @keyissues1027 1 year ago I don't know if anyone will ever find out if there was a big bang or another great beginning. Reply @lindadean8303 1 year ago I had a 12 ft by 12 ft electromagnetic field in my living room there were two mirrors and clocks facing each other and I played a note on a keyboard riot to it I’ve since redecorated snd moved my whole flat around as the force field moved forward through the wall into the distant bedroom accompianed by a circular sounding low wind sound two years ago just before covid Reply @TheGargalon 3 years ago 15:00 that was a bit weird to ask lol. Essentially "how do you feel about dying pretty soon" 1 Reply @hank1475 3 years ago There are no parallel universities, however there are other universities and each have their own life wave initiators a one shot deal no do overs. 1 Reply 1 reply @CommandoMaster 2 years ago The only way to survive the inevitable death of the universe is to escape through a wormhole to another universe. Simulation theory cannot be proven/disproven by science, just like religion or unicorns. 2 Reply @Sixstringman 3 years ago I swear to god if he repeats that high school garage experiment story one more time im turning it off. Get some new stories Michio Kaku. 6 Reply 2 replies @patrickardahalian1 3 years ago Why do you need a book to write a one inch equation? 1 Reply 1 reply @davycrockett1112 3 years ago What if gravity isn't a separate force? How that change his equation? Reply 1 reply @danielbowden5610 3 years ago 8 dislikes on this video?? E=8whodidntgraduate 2 Reply @mckincygolokeh7991 3 years ago Who wouldn't imagine balls hitting other balls! Jest! Bezinga! 1 Reply @manfrummt 3 years ago What other matter can reflect on itself like human biology? And the tools and interaction with other matter. Humans are unlike any other matter. In fact they operate on different principles outside general physics. The spiritual and the emotional for instance. The only way to make sense of it is to recognize humans are purposefully made in the image of a loving and intelligent creator, who is outside our own understanding of the universe. Hmmm.. If only there was an ancient book of wisdom that we could consult which would teach us about this creator........... 2 Reply 6 replies @mckincygolokeh7991 3 years ago Everything does NOT rot die and decay! Everything is in flux, in a circle and re-usable! 2 Reply 1 reply @daxkayzar4877 3 years ago He stopped before he explained it Reply @aliqazilbash5231 3 years ago there is this weird short circuit taken place in my head, where as soon as I hear the word, Melinda, suddenly a picture of a woman in jail pops up in my head. is that weird? I mean should I make anything of this or just.. let it be part of the confusion? I swear to the god equation, ... maybe it is my subconscions telling me something Reply @TheMarianaaShark 3 years ago (edited) If we were to put a quantum computer (IBM🧐 @qisket) on the darkside of the moon(no lava since it's 30miles thicker}and temps get close to absolute zero) with a space station(NASA/SPACEX🧐) with an astronaut to get it back before the sun could melt it maybe use Mercury due to its tinsle strength when frozen ,to run a equation of everything we know in physics, chemical reactions,etc. We will get that equation. And the black hole sagt A* get the new materials that can (line/insolation to hold it in) the physics of and accretion disk, and another material to capsulate a black hole. those pentagon videos are not to far away we just need the right ideas and funding to push us into a direction towards evolving into a kardashev's type V civilization , but we need to follow the Barrow's scale to get there. Never been religious but this struck me hard Jesus said "do not be worries with perishable things seek the eternal life the son of man can give you" if true he might have been part of type V civilization. That's a big theory but the Quantum computer finding the equation is not. It's pure mathematics 1 Reply 1 reply @Samieseeker 3 years ago Nice guy, interesting content....but people with an interest in the rapidly developing feild of electric plasma physics are listening to him thinking, "talk about a high priest of obsolete orthodoxy". He's definitely one of the mainstream who thinks "sure, there's electromagnetic structures everywhere ....but electricity doesn't do anything". 1 Reply 2 replies @lloovvaallee 2 years ago I just listened to an interview with the nobel prize winning physicist Sheldon Glashow where he expresses serious doubts about string theory. Please guys have pity on us poor laymen and just figure it out ... Reply @venkateshsrinivasan8794 3 years ago I don't know why the standard model is ugly I mean that I don't know what he means by ugly Reply @compilerofvideos 3 years ago OMG I cant stand how he repeats everything word for word in every interview. No one else notices this bull? 1 Reply 1 reply @kofola9145 3 years ago Except a "black hole" is not a hole. It is just a region with a lot of matter= lot of gravity. So asking if there is a white hole at the other end of a black hole is only slightly less dumb than calling it "black hole". There is no hole. It is like wondering what is at the other end of a hole called the Sun. Is this guy supposed to be one of our brightest scientists or something? 3 Reply 2 replies @mckincygolokeh7991 3 years ago through the property of opposite, we might understand the beginning of it all!!! But higher intellect desires to know how it all began! Reply @wulphstein 3 years ago (edited) Gravitons expand like water ripples, but in 3D+1 spacetime. Gravitons are the carriers of physics constants. The surface area of gravitons are virtual photons. Gravitons expand at the speed of light. Wave function solutions to Schrodinger's equation describes one or more gravitons. Wave function operators for momentum, position and energy are characteristics of gravitons. Spacetime is made of the overlap of gravitons. Every graviton has a clock because every wavefunction has a term e^i omega t. The combined effect of overlapping gravitons creates time. The overlap of gravitons between time t1 and t2 corresponds to each standard model particle field. Spacetime is getting larger because gravitons are continually being added to the universe. Reply @alonzocarle6037 7 months ago @51:30 what's the difference having kids on a ship they are stuck on and having kids on this PLANET they are stuck on, which is essentially just ANOTHER ship we are all stuck on. There really is no difference ethically. Reply @blacked2987 2 years ago 6 00 1 Reply @mckincygolokeh7991 3 years ago string theory might be right! Minus time and space and the unnecessary mathematics! 1 Reply @anne-marienordin7636 3 years ago 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🌹🌹🌹 1 Reply @tedlemoine5587 3 years ago I love Michio, but boy oh boy he needs new jokes and a new way of telling the same old story every time he is on any podcast. He doesn't answer the questions but recites the same old recycled lines. 5 Reply 3 replies @dzikdziki2983 3 years ago (edited) Prof Kaku is really fun speaker but sadly his baby string theory is dead. After so many decades of playing with numbers it still has no experiments or predictive value... No proof. 1 Reply 2 replies @Brucec-x6r 5 months ago All kinds of manifestations in the so called universe,none of which exist. Reply @bienmal 3 years ago it's so weird that you have a scientific eminence like Michio Kaku on your show, and at the same time you have climate change deniers like Patrick Moore who you agree with... 🙄 1 Reply Chris Williamson · 2 replies @MrBillGarland 3 years ago 👍🇬🇧 1 Reply 1 reply @Brucec-x6r 5 months ago Kaku does not exist.we the infinite play all roles.all. Reply @hank1475 3 years ago Next, y'all will be prophesying that this is a hologram. No slowness, it's not, yet it's a corporeal gram with coefficient bonding, you know what I mean.😵👽🤔⚫🙄. Reply @YOG3NSHA 3 years ago Michio is full of big words, but only half of it makes any sense. 4 Reply 2 replies @Sinistatnt 3 years ago That story is getting old Reply @karlanitasplaylist 3 years ago somthing new please! Reply @mckincygolokeh7991 3 years ago When smart people accept my theory readily it worries me! I read smirk and cunning beneath that! Reply @shahshahalam-h7e 1 year ago daer kaku by resding universe education buddist cosmology make some true educstions. you should know WHO I M I M REBIRTH OF SIDDARTHA SO I KNOW ALL ABOUT UNIVERSE. DONT BE FOOL OR DONT MAKE FOOL OTHERS Reply @silberlinie 3 years ago Vergiss es Reply @agenteE 3 years ago So our universe was born after a big bang and has a dead beat universe father... Nothing to see here gentlemen 😂😂 Reply @jesperburns 3 years ago Oh boy. I see this is already attracting bible thumpers. 3 Reply @kayakMike1000 1 year ago Michio Kaku is an irritating whatever he is... Reply @lostplanet1931 3 years ago What a nonsense Reply @silphy2677 3 years ago What a religious person! :) Reply @heldercardoso8552 3 years ago In the Koran say there's 7 heaven's and the distance from one to another is 500 year's and so on and this smart scientist's can not yet prove parallel universe exist Reply 2 replies