Citric Acid Cycle (2020) by Drew Berry wehi.tv – #TCA #Krebs

Citric Acid Cycle (2020) by Drew Berry wehi.tv – #TCA #Krebs WEHImovies 213K subscribers Subscribe 3.1K Share Download Save From a validated medical research institute in Australia Learn how health sources are defined by the World Health Organization 110,879 views Nov 20, 2020 Enzyme reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs), central to respiration and metabolism. Carbon atoms from Glycolysis are gradually released as carbon dioxide, and deliver electrons that are captured and transferred to the Electron Transport Chain. Bringing to life the molecular engines inside mitochondria that generate ATP, the main source of chemically stored energy used throughout the body. Key moments View all Transcript Follow along using the transcript. Show transcript Transcript Search in video 0:01 the origin of energy production 0:03 and biosynthesis inside your living 0:06 cells 0:06 is the dynamic mitochondria organelle 0:12 mitochondria are filled with metabolic 0:15 enzymes that catalyze 0:17 a loop of chemical reactions called the 0:20 citric acid cycle 0:23 the eight steps of the citric acid cycle 0:26 gradually break apart two carbon atoms 0:29 from glycolysis 0:30 capturing liberated electrons for the 0:32 electron transport chain 0:35 while generating carbon dioxide as waste 0:39 the citric acid cycle starts with the 0:41 end product 0:42 of a previous cycle the four carbon 0:44 molecule 0:45 oxaloacetate 0:49 new carbon enters from glycolysis in the 0:51 form of acetyl-coa 0:53 a two-carbon acetyl group attached to 0:56 coenzyme a 1:00 step one is the catalytic transfer of a 1:03 two carbon 1:04 acetyl group from coenzyme a to four 1:06 carbon oxaloacetate 1:09 creating six carbon citric acid the 1:11 molecule that gives the cycle 1:13 its name 1:17 citric acid is used by your cells for 1:20 the biosynthesis of fatty acids 1:22 lipids and cholesterol and is also the 1:25 substrate for step two 1:26 of the citric acid cycle 1:31 the enzyme reaction of step two makes a 1:34 small change to the citric acid molecule 1:37 moving the position of an oxygen atom 1:39 converting citrate 1:41 into isocitrate 1:50 step three of the cycle removes a carbon 1:52 atom forming carbon dioxide as 1:55 waste while converting six carbon 1:57 isocitrate 1:58 to five carbon ketoglutarate 2:05 during this process chemical energy is 2:08 harvested 2:09 when two electrons are transferred to 2:11 coenzyme 2:12 nadh which delivers them to nearby 2:15 enzymes 2:16 of the electron transport chain step 2:22 four 2:22 of the citric acid cycle is performed by 2:25 a huge 2:26 multi-enzyme complex connecting multiple 2:29 chemical reactions 2:31 with flexible tethers efficiently moving 2:33 reactants between 2:34 active sites and diverting electrons 2:37 between pathways 2:40 the large complex is made with a 2:42 repeating unit 2:44 of three core enzymes working in 2:46 sequence 2:47 to remove a carbon atom from 2:49 ketoglutarate 2:51 generating carbon dioxide waste 2:54 then attaching four carbon succinyl to 2:56 coenzyme a 3:07 the electron from ketoglutarate 3:09 oxidation 3:10 is retained by the tethered enzyme 3:12 before passing it 3:14 to coenzyme nadh which delivers 3:17 electrons 3:18 to the electron transport chain 3:43 enzymes of step 5 separate sextinal 3:46 from coenzyme a by breaking an energetic 3:50 bond 3:50 providing enough energy to create gtp 3:55 gtp is a building block of rna 3:58 and an energy source for protein 4:00 synthesis 4:03 in the most direct path to atp from the 4:06 citric acid cycle 4:07 other enzymes in the matrix can use gtp 4:11 to make the chemical fuel atp 4:18 step 6 is performed by an enzyme 4:21 embedded in the inner mitochondrial 4:23 membrane 4:24 this enzyme is also known as complex ii 4:27 of the electron transport chain 4:32 the enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of 4:35 succinate 4:36 to create fumarate releasing two 4:38 electrons 4:39 that hop through the interior to 4:41 coenzyme q 4:42 which is reduced 4:46 coenzyme q travels in the membrane 4:49 carrying the electrons to nearby 4:51 enzymes of the electron transport chain 5:03 step seven takes fumery generated by 5:06 step 5:07 six and reacts it with water to create 5:10 four 5:10 carbon malate 5:17 the final step of the citric acid cycle 5:20 uses malate to regenerate oxaloacetate 5:24 transferring electrons to coenzyme nadh 5:27 which supplies the electron transport 5:30 chain 5:31 oxaloacetate can return to step one for 5:34 another 5:35 loop of the cycle and is also an 5:37 essential building block 5:38 for making amino acids and the genetic 5:41 code 5:42 of dna and rna 5:46 at the center of cellular metabolism 5:50 the citric acid cycle generates both 5:52 chemical energy 5:53 and material for biosynthesis of the 5:56 entire diversity of molecules 5:58 found inside a living cell 6:09 you WEHImovies 213K subscribers Videos About Facebook Twitter Instagram LinkedIn 211 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... @WallaceRoseVincent 3 years ago (edited) Some of the most beautiful videos on YouTube. 😘 89 Reply @mrniceguy4277 3 years ago When you realise how many years of research have gone into this video... 241 Reply 3 replies @coolbionicle 3 years ago Love how you incorporate the brownian motion of the proteins in your animations. 25 Reply @NotoriousPyro 3 years ago (edited) How on earth does it all stay synchronised - absolutely mindblowing. 6 Reply 1 reply @Biopolymath 3 years ago During my time as an undergraduate, I've only been asked to remember reactants of the citric acid cycle and the number of carbon atoms. Drew Barry has gone one step above by showing us the enzymes and subcellular location of the reactions. 15 Reply @eduradbah 3 years ago (edited) The capacity to visualize this amazing biochemical processes is a dream come true. Thank you. Reply @ciid6190 3 years ago Marvelous! Thank you so much for providing us the unique opportunity to see this as we were inside a cell, and explained so well too! 5 Reply @lajoswinkler 3 years ago You produce the best videos about biochemical reactions. Amazing stuff. It really comes to life. Better than blackboard scribbles. 3 Reply @carterburpee8499 2 years ago This video is great! I just got more information in 6 minutes than in a 2 hour lecture on the citric acid cycle. 4 Reply @michaelb1785 3 years ago I wish I had Drew Berry's videos when I was a student...... 4 Reply @scimotivateya9997 3 years ago In a better world, this would be a viral video.👍🏻 3 Reply @idegteke 2 years ago Visualizing the procedures of life like that is like watching the sky in time-lapse – the difficult-to-believe rotation of the Earth starts to be obvious and starts to make sense! 1 Reply @mikemiami23 3 years ago I didn't understand anything but it's very interesting 36 Reply 1 reply @cynthiaalbrecht3248 3 years ago Thank you for uploading this informative video, and for portraying the environment inside the cell as tightly crammed with molecules jostling and banging into one another, which is closer to the truth than most such videos which are far too "neat and clean." It was nice having the names of the molecules pronounced properly, too, for the most part. Some videos use machine voices which massacre the pronunciations at times. 5 Reply @mariorodriguez215 3 years ago It is absolutely amazing... Congratulations for all the team: You are incredible! All schools should teach with these animations. Thank you so much! ^^ 4 Reply @vblaas246 3 years ago I absolutely love this! Thank you for making it! Love the sound effects too. 6 Reply @andysPARK 2 years ago One of the coolest things I've seen. Thanks. Reply @timj9233 3 years ago That feeling when you realize we may just be protein robots 90 Reply 11 replies @donross7820 4 months ago I love it! Thank you 1 Reply @landryprichard6778 3 years ago I love the fractal nature of it all. All these little, busy droids removing and adding everywhere on a micro level. On a macro level, we do the same. On a super-macro level, maybe a multi-dimensional being is looking at its version of a microscope at us and wondering why we do what we do. 44 Reply 8 replies @robertbonsall6896 3 years ago Amazing visuals. Sound effects give me the heebie jeebies though. 5 Reply @rodschmidt8952 3 years ago I've been waiting for this video for a year! 2 Reply @margueriteoreilly2168 7 months ago Excellent Belfast Ireland 🇮🇪 Reply @nashvilleriveraquinio6432 3 years ago This is better than our college professor in Biochemistry in Medical Laboratory Science Reply @joradcliffe565 3 years ago Impressive but zoom in, slow down and annotate more to give the vast amount of academic and experimental labour that brought this its due. 6 Reply @farruhhudayberganov2625 1 year ago Perfect video. I have not never seen before this kind understandable video. Reply @filipetome6738 1 year ago I bet no one who ever asked "what is life" could have imagined the answer was "it's all nanobots controlled by chemical computers doing incredibly complicated chemical reactions" 2 Reply @dilipsinhjhala1713 2 years ago Thank you for sharing. Reply @glz1 3 years ago Wow This so interesting and useful Thanks' 1 Reply @rodschmidt8952 3 years ago I wonder if the reactants diffuse from one enzyme to another, or are guided somehow? 8 Reply 5 replies @eshbansuleman9501 1 month ago Can't imagine this whole stuff had to evolve like everything else in our body 😵‍💫 Reply @brianl25 2 months ago This is incredible Reply @deadbzeus 3 years ago I love this video so much. Not only is it incredibly useful as a study tool, but it is also just fascinating to watch and think about. 2 Reply @KilluaZK53 1 year ago Although citrate is a symmetric molecule, aconitase reacts with citrate asymmetrically (atoms originated from acetyl-CoA is not used). This asymmetric behavior is the result of channeling or the transfer of the product of citrate synthase directly onto the active site of aconitase, without entering free solution. This channeling provides integration of citric acid cycle activity and providing citrate in the cytosol as a source of acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis. Citrate is only available in free solution to be transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis when aconitase is inhibited by accumulation of its product, isocitrate. Reply @musicspinner 3 years ago Wow. Great job putting this together. 👏👏👏 Reply @soniatamta9804 3 years ago Preparing for viva🌱 Thanks for updating video Reply @vernonchitlen8958 2 years ago “Warm little ponds,” Darwins words, sure are creative. How does this debunk irreducible complexity? Reply @musicalBurr 3 years ago These videos are SO FASCINATING! It looks like a fair bit of what underlies the dynamics of this entire set of processes is brownian motion. Is that the case? These videos want me to learn more about the actual science behind what's going on here. I suppose chemistry is the relevant field? Deeper of course is physics in how molecules, atoms and electrons combine and exchange etc... Anyway, WOW, this stuff is so cool. Reply 1 reply @gregorysagegreene 3 years ago (edited) Crazy! Adds to my video knowledge of the separate area of ATP Synthase / Protein Complexes / Electron Transport Chain. With the Citric Acid Cycle, the energy aspect is basically harvesting electrons for the ETC, while producing CO2 as waste - and some Protons for later as well. Whereas the Cristae complexes, embedded in the Mitochondrial membrane, then use those electrons to drive the ETC while also pumping protons back out to the Intermembrane Space. That ultimately sets up the Proton Gradient, which spins the ATP Synthase turbine, by flowing back into the Matrix. There, that rotating Synthase complex uses ADP, while consuming Oxygen of course, to drive the super-efficient production of the Cell's ultimate Energy molecule ATP - at levels sufficient to power multi-cellular organisms ! Carbon, Electrons, CO2, Protons, and Oxygen ... Respiration, wow! Footnote: Evolution via mutation and speciation is easy to grasp. But the Billion years or so where Inorganic planetary processes brought about Abiogenesis - and then all the spontaneous Organic Chemistry steps that led to confounding Molecular Machinery, all somehow coming together to collaborate in the symbiosis that brought about the Cell - is surely one of the most astounding Inquiries we have yet to discover. 2 Reply 1 reply @janakakumara3836 1 year ago It seems like everything is driven by brownian motion and by the fact that all the enzymes are packed so closely together. Reply @RobertoCighetti 3 years ago Extremely fascinating! Loved it <3 1 Reply @dinornis 3 years ago I really love these protein videos and they're such a wonderful tool for visualising the reactions taking place, but I wish I could get voice-over versions without the sound (or proper captions so that I can mute the video). I know it's artistic & I'm probably in the minority, but the sound effects are really overwhelming for me and make me feel nauseated 😭 6 Reply @akihkana 3 years ago Wish I can view the raw video that isn’t ruined by the compression algorithm 3 Reply 2 replies @devendrakhandelwal5468 3 years ago Oh my god amazing presentation Reply @philsmith7398 3 years ago Excellent graphics... and sound too! Is the molecule density close to in vivo conditions? 3 Reply WEHImovies · 9 replies @stargategoku 3 years ago very cool and awesome video Reply @hooriyakhanam4098 3 years ago Its amazing.. Reply @arielholtz 3 years ago So cool 1 Reply @Agytor65 3 years ago Wwaaaww !!.. funcionamos como el juego de "tetris".. Reply @LinuxelYT 3 years ago Can anyone tell me why everything's shaking? I remember that there's a specific reason for it. 1 Reply WEHImovies · 2 replies @SoirEkim 11 months ago What I find most fascinating is that every component shown here is made from our DNA. That all these moving parts are mirrored on our DNA. 🧬 That our DNA is the combined single strand that makes all this possible. That’s not even the half of it! It’s way more fascinating than even I can articulate. 🫨 1 Reply @patricebourgeois8594 3 years ago Hypnotic and fascinating ! Reply @qsgamingzone8573 3 years ago It's so beautiful Reply @owendiamond3515 3 years ago Beautiful Reply @MsKhch 3 years ago Is this a fully simulation or merely animation?? 1 Reply WEHImovies · 3 replies @yimingqu2403 3 years ago great animation Reply @مسلمرستمزوراب 3 years ago Thanks❤❤❤ Reply @DavidDcCalderwood 3 weeks ago can someone help. i thought the 8 steps break apart 6 carbon atoms, not 2. Am I missing something? Reply @letsdancetobedancer 3 years ago ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️ Reply @sweetsue4204 3 years ago Wow! Reply @suryabahdurkarki9677 2 years ago (edited) Nice Reply @erickamekonapeper4007 2 years ago This is a wonderful Blessing but I don’t know anything. I never studied this in High School but I want to learn. I love this but I don’t understand exactly where this is taking place. If someone wants to help me get grounded I apologize for my ignorance! 🙈🖖🏼 Reply @ianscrivener-roe5662 3 years ago Nice video. Shame about the constant misuse of terms. Reply @blackeyedsiouxsie 1 year ago so the dots hit the thing and it makes us alive... got it Reply @hojoinhisarcher 3 years ago Its a good thing I do not understand quantum physics as it makes understanding these biologic processes less confusing. Reply 1 reply @aluminiumchloride8614 2 years ago This is terrifying Reply @Tiniuc 3 years ago Is this realtime? 1 Reply 1 reply @GreatBehoover 12 days ago Who stoll believes this is a product of mere "fortunate" accidents? If you do, then Feel free to elucidate the pathway for mere chemicals to produce exactly what we see here without life existing first. Reply @silentwisdom7025 3 years ago While it may not be pretty on a small scale, the beautiful planet as a whole depends on these reactions. 2 Reply @pdjinne65 7 months ago (edited) We give names to these but really it's just order and patterns emerging in random noise. Reply @user-qg5tc1ee5o 3 years ago i understand nothing but its not the videos fault. its me. im a pure potato Reply @anmoldeepsingh7907 3 years ago But why there ate dislikes? Reply @b-chri 2 years ago what are the ones who study this kind of stuff called? Reply WEHImovies · 2 replies @raplopez4258 2 years ago Citric acid = citrate? 1 Reply WEHImovies · 1 reply @lyonscultivars 3 years ago And we wonder why we are so naturel industrial. Our buddy's are full of factory's. 1 Reply @dx398 3 years ago Intelligent Design. Reply 1 reply @leterbuck 2 years ago And this all came from Natural Selection and Random Variation...uh, sure. Reply @domjuandeperon 1 month ago ....♥ SHOW .♥ Reply @wewerecreated3960 3 years ago And remember, all of these molecular machines emerged by accident, never distrust Wikipedia (irony) 1 Reply 4 replies @MightyRoy 7 months ago 中医学没考虑到这些现实所以非常落后！ Reply @jamesacarman7519 3 years ago Anyone who thinks that this process came about by chance is foolish! 1 Reply @platzhirsch4275 3 years ago So this highly sophisticated biochemistry organised itself? We really should believe this? 1 Reply 24 replies @RedefineLiving 3 years ago How did that come from evolution? Jesus loves you. 1 Reply 30 replies @sweetpeabrown261 3 years ago Absolutely revolting background sound effects. Why not just have fingernails scratching a chalk board the whole time. Unlistenable, therefore, couldn't listen to what might be a very informative video. Reply