The Human Gut Microbiota

The Human Gut Microbiota Hermie J M Harmsen 1, Marcus C de Goffau 2 Affiliations expand PMID: 27161353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31248-4_7 Abstract The microbiota in our gut performs many different essential functions that help us to stay healthy. These functions include vitamin production, regulation of lipid metabolism and short chain fatty acid production as fuel for epithelial cells and regulation of gene expression. There is a very numerous and diverse microbial community present in the gut, especially in the colon, with reported numbers of species that vary between 400 and 1500, for some those we even do not yet have culture representatives.A healthy gut microbiota is important for maintaining a healthy host. An aberrant microbiota can cause diseases of different nature and at different ages ranging from allergies at early age to IBD in young adults. This shows that our gut microbiota needs to be treated well to stay healthy. In this chapter we describe what we consider a healthy microbiota and discuss what the role of the microbiota is in various diseases. Research into these described dysbiosis conditions could lead to new strategies for treatment and/or management of our microbiota to improve health. Keywords: Aberrant microbiota; Development; Diabetes; Microbiota; Obesity. Similar articles [Gut microbiota: Description, role and pathophysiologic implications]. Landman C, Quévrain E. Rev Med Interne. 2016 Jun;37(6):418-23. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2015.12.012. Epub 2015 Dec 31. PMID: 26749318 Review. French. [Physiological patterns of intestinal microbiota. The role of dysbacteriosis in obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and metabolic syndrome]. Halmos T, Suba I. Orv Hetil. 2016 Jan 3;157(1):13-22. doi: 10.1556/650.2015.30296. PMID: 26708682 Review. Hungarian. Role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites on gut homeostasis and human diseases. Lin L, Zhang J. BMC Immunol. 2017 Jan 6;18(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12865-016-0187-3. PMID: 28061847 Free PMC article. Review. How to Manipulate the Microbiota: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Fuentes S, de Vos WM. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;902:143-53. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-31248-4_10. PMID: 27161356 Review. Decreased bacterial diversity characterizes the altered gut microbiota in patients with psoriatic arthritis, resembling dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Scher JU, Ubeda C, Artacho A, Attur M, Isaac S, Reddy SM, Marmon S, Neimann A, Brusca S, Patel T, Manasson J, Pamer EG, Littman DR, Abramson SB. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Jan;67(1):128-39. doi: 10.1002/art.38892. PMID: 25319745 Free PMC article. See all similar articles Cited by 15 articles Hydrogen sulfide toxicity in the gut environment: Meta-analysis of sulfate-reducing and lactic acid bacteria in inflammatory processes. Dordević D, Jančíková S, Vítězová M, Kushkevych I. J Adv Res. 2020 Mar 17;27:55-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.003. eCollection 2021 Jan. PMID: 33318866 Free PMC article. Review. Role of probiotics to combat viral infections with emphasis on COVID-19. Sundararaman A, Ray M, Ravindra PV, Halami PM. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Oct;104(19):8089-8104. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10832-4. Epub 2020 Aug 19. PMID: 32813065 Free PMC article. Review. Pharmaceutical Approaches to HIV Treatment and Prevention. Yavuz B, Morgan JL, Showalter L, Horng KR, Dandekar S, Herrera C, LiWang P, Kaplan DL. Adv Ther (Weinh). 2018 Oct;1(6):1800054. doi: 10.1002/adtp.201800054. Epub 2018 Jul 29. PMID: 32775613 Free PMC article. Interplay Between Human Gut Bacteria Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus mucosae in the Occurrence of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Mice. Kim JK, Lee KE, Lee SA, Jang HM, Kim DH. Front Immunol. 2020 Feb 25;11:273. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00273. eCollection 2020. PMID: 32158447 Free PMC article. Minireview on the Relations between Gut Microflora and Parkinson's Disease: Further Biochemical (Oxidative Stress), Inflammatory, and Neurological Particularities. Ilie OD, Ciobica A, McKenna J, Doroftei B, Mavroudis I. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Feb 5;2020:4518023. doi: 10.1155/2020/4518023. eCollection 2020. PMID: 32089768 Free PMC article. Review.