Hemoglobin-Chlorophyll

English: Hemoglobin and Chlorophyll, two extremely different molecules when it comes to function, are amazingly similar when it comes to its atomic shape.There are only three major structural differences; a magnesium atom (Mg) in chlorophyll, which is replaced with iron (Fe) in hemoglobin. Additionally, chlorophyll has some extra structures on the bottom right side (A), and an extended hydrocarbon tail on the left (B). These differences cause the chlorophyll molecule to be non-polar, in contrast to the polar hemoglobin molecule. Chlorophyll and haemoglobin are two essential pigments for plant and animal life, respectively. Chlorophylls are found in photosynthetic organisms such as plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, whereas haemoglobin is found in vertebrate red blood cells. Complete answer: Despite the fact that they are found in different organisms, their structures are nearly identical because they share a pyrrole ring. They do, however, differ from the central ion. Chlorophyll contains magnesium, whereas haemoglobin contains iron. Furthermore, their roles are distinct. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight energy for photosynthesis, whereas haemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. The structures of haemoglobin and chlorophyll are similar. The main distinction is that haemoglobin is based on iron (Fe), whereas chlorophyll is based on magnesium (Mg). Hemoglobin's primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Hemoglobin is made up of four different elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. All four are arranged in a circle around the iron. Chlorophyll is made up of the same elements that are arranged around magnesium. When the abnormal haemoglobin (Hemoglobin-S) gives up its oxygen to the tissues in sickle cell anaemia, it sticks together. These clumps cause red blood cells to stiffen and take on the shape of a sickle. When consumed, chlorophyll aids in the function of haemoglobin. Chlorophyll helps build haemoglobin by promoting circulation health, cleansing the body, increasing the number of red blood cells, and thus increasing oxygen throughout the body. This is exactly what our sickle cell babies and others require in order to produce haemoglobin. Similarities: 1. Chlorophyll and haemoglobin both have four pyrrole rings. 2. Both are made up of elements like "carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen." 3. Both are responsible for colour, as chlorophyll gives plants green and haemoglobin gives blood red. 4. Both are considered fundamental molecules of life because photosynthesis is the most fundamental function of plants, and plants cannot perform photosynthesis without chlorophyll. On the other hand, haemoglobin in blood is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Note: Despite their similar structure, chlorophyll is found in plants, which are primary producers, whereas haemoglobin is found in animals, which are consumers. Plants arrived on this planet long before animals did, bringing haemoglobin with them.

What are the benefits of chlorophyll? What is chlorophyll? Benefits Foods to eat Chlorophyll supplements Outlook We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process. How we vet brands and products Chlorophyll is present in most green vegetables, and some people take it as a health supplement. The potential benefits of chlorophyll include improving health, boosting energy, and fighting illnesses. In this article, we examine the possible benefits of chlorophyll and the evidence supporting them. We also look at how to take chlorophyll supplements. What is chlorophyll? Green vegetables have a high chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll is a pigment that gives plants their green color. Plants use chlorophyll along with sunlight to get their nutrients. One of the primary ways of including chlorophyll in the diet is by eating green vegetables, such as alfalfa and spinach. Wheatgrass is particularly rich in chlorophyll and is available to purchase online as a powder, juice, or capsule. A popular way to get chlorophyll into the diet is through taking supplements. These are available in the form of drops, pills, or capsules. A variety of chlorophyll supplements are available for purchase online. Most chlorophyll supplements contain chlorophyllin. Chlorophyllin is a water-soluble derivative of natural chlorophyll that is potentially better absorbed by the body than other forms of chlorophyll. The label on supplements containing chlorophyllin may list ‘sodium copper chlorophyllin’ or ‘chlorophyllin copper complex’ in the ingredients. Benefits People have used chlorophyll as a health supplement for many years. A variety of medical studies have suggested that it may be helpful for skin conditions, body odors, and fighting certain kinds of cancer. Chlorophyll is generally safe for people to try if they are interested in its possible benefits. However, anyone who has a health condition or takes any medications should speak to their doctor first. Some of the potential benefits of chlorophyll include: Anti-aging remedy Topical chlorophyll may work as an anti-aging remedy. A studyTrusted Source found that applying a gel containing chlorophyllin to the skin reduced signs of photoaging, which is aging that results from sun exposure. The study used skin samples from four healthy women and lasted for 12 days. The results of the study showed that skin treated with chlorophyllin improved in a similar way to skin treated with tretinoin, which is a prescription skin cream that has been proven to help with skin aging. The authors suggest that using a combination of chlorophyllin and tretinoin could be an effective treatment for reversing the signs of photoaged skin. Acne treatment Topical chlorophyll may also have potential as an acne treatment. One study found that a gel containing chlorophyllin helped reduce facial acne and large, visible pores. The 10 people who completed the study had mild to moderate acne and used the chlorophyllin gel for 3 weeks. In another study, researchers compared using a combination of topical chlorophyll and phototherapy with phototherapy alone for the treatment of acne. The people who received the combination had fewer acne lesions, less severe acne, and less oily skin than those who did not. However, the 24 participants were all of Asian descent and had darker skin types, so the results may not be relevant for everybody. Blood-building properties Chlorophyll is chemically similar to hemoglobin, a protein that is essential in red blood cells as it carries oxygen around a person’s body. Researchers have suggested that wheatgrass juice, which is rich in chlorophyll, may be helpful in treating hemoglobin deficiency disorders, such as anemia and thalassemia. Deodorant properties Chlorophyll may have odor-reducing properties. Researchers have studied chlorophyll for its potential as a deodorant for many years. A study published in 1960 suggested that chlorophyll may reduce odors for people who have had a colostomy. Later, a studyTrusted Source from 1989 found that chlorophyll was not effective in controlling odors in people who have had a colostomy. However, a 1980 studyTrusted Source noted that chlorophyll improved lower body odor in older adults living in nursing homes. Today, some deodorants and mouthwashes contain chlorophyll. Some people also take chlorophyll pills to help reduce body odors. Wound-healing properties Researchers studied chlorophyll as an aid for wound healing in the 1940s and 1950s. Some of these studies suggested that chlorophyll may help heal surgical wounds and prevent infections. More recently, a 2008 review suggested that a medication containing chlorophyllin promotes wound-healing and reduces odors. Some doctors prescribe this medication today. Cancer treatment Chlorophyll has shown potential as a cancer treatment in some tests conducted on animals: A 2015 review concluded that chlorophyllin might help prevent and slow cancer growth. A studyTrusted Source from 2005 found that natural chlorophyll reduced the risk of colon cancer in rats. The rats ate a diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables, which has associations with an increased risk of colon cancer. However, the authors did not see the same results for chlorophyllin. A 2016 study found that chlorophyllin helped slow the progression of lung cancer in mice. The researchers administered the chlorophyllin to the mice in microscopic capsules known as nanocapsules. Benefits that need more research Although chlorophyll has a variety of potential health benefits, there are few adequate scientific studies to back them up, and all of them require further investigation. So far, most studies have been small and limited, and many of the potential health benefits have not been shown to work in humans. Other possible health benefits that require more research include chlorophyll’s effect on: increased energy hormonal balance arthritis and fibromyalgia relief weight loss Foods rich in chlorophyll Most naturally green vegetables contain chlorophyll. Foods that are particularly rich in chlorophyll include: spinach collard greens mustard greens chlorella spirulina alfalfa parsley broccoli green cabbage asparagus green beans and peas matcha green tea Besides chlorophyll, these vegetables also provide a variety of healthful vitamins and minerals. ADVERTISING Using chlorophyll supplements Chlorophyll supplements can come in powder, liquid, or capsule form. Chlorophyll supplements vary widely in strength and formulation. Some supplements come in drops that a person can add to water or another drink. Others come in capsule form. Packages containing chlorophyll supplements usually include instructions for how to use them. If not, ask a doctor or nutritionist for advice before taking. Most liquid chlorophyll supplements recommend adding around 1 teaspoon (5 milliliters) of the supplement to a drink. If the taste is unpleasant, try starting with a smaller amount and gradually increase the dosage. For chlorophyll capsules, studies have used dosages ranging from 100 to 300 milligrams up to three times per day. Chlorophyll supplements are generally safe to use and do not appear to have any serious side effects. However, anyone who is pregnant or breast-feeding should speak to a doctor before taking a chlorophyll supplement. Some people may find that chlorophyll supplements cause stomach upset or skin irritation. People who experience bothersome side effects should stop taking the supplement and see a doctor. Outlook Chlorophyll has a variety of potential health benefits, but the evidence for most of these is insufficient and more research is needed. Some people may find that including more chlorophyll in their diet or taking supplements makes them feel better or helps with medical conditions, such as anemia. Always discuss health supplements, including chlorophyll, with a doctor before taking them. A range of chlorophyll supplements are available for purchase online. Last medically reviewed on July 4, 2018 DermatologyBlood / HematologyCancer / OncologyNutrition / Diet How we reviewed this article: SOURCES Share this article Medically reviewed by Dena Westphalen, PharmD — By Jennifer Berry on July 4, 2018 Latest news Herpes may double the risk of developing dementia Can weight loss drugs actually help lower depression and anxiety risk? Is a treatment for those at genetic risk of Alzheimer's on the horizon? Acupuncture may help reduce stroke risk in people with rheumatoid arthritis Test screening for 11 blood biomarkers could predict dementia 15 years sooner Was this article helpful? Yes No What are the health benefits of chlorella? Health benefits Nutrition Tips for use Risks Summary Chlorella, a so-called superfood, is a fast growing alga that may have a range of health benefits. Some people use it as a nutritional supplement. Chlorella nutrition can depend on the way a person grows and prepares it. Chlorella is a single-celled, freshwater alga, native to Taiwan and Japan. It is naturally rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Its reported benefitsTrusted Source include boosting antibody count, promoting weight loss, and fighting cancer and other diseases. Chlorella contains a range of nutrients, including proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, including antioxidants. Chlorella has a tough, rigid cell wall that makes it hard to digest in its natural form. Processing makes its nutrients digestible. Some people have proposed using chlorella as a source of proteinTrusted Source and other nutrients to feed a growing global population. Others have suggested it as an alternative and renewable fuel source for agricultural equipment. In the United States, however, people mostly use it in tablet, powder, or a liquid form as a nutritional supplement. Various types of chlorella are suitable for use as food supplements. Read on to find out what the research says about the benefits of chlorella. Health benefits Chlorella shows promise as a source of protein, but it may have other health benefits. Boosting the immune system Chlorella may help boost the immune system. A 2012 studyTrusted Source looked at how chlorella affects the immune system of humans. Thirty Korean people who took 5g of chlorella (tablets) for 8 weeks underwent various biological changes that suggested chlorella might strengthen the immune system. Some medical conditions and treatments can lead to a weakened immune system. How can you stay healthy when this happens? Learn more here. Protection against dementia A 2009 mouse study found that chlorella played a significant role in preventing age-related mental decline. This could be due to chlorella’s antioxidant effects on the brain. However, it is not clear whether chlorella will have the same effect on people. Lapses in memory can be an early sign of dementia. Get some tips on how to improve your memory. During pregnancy Chlorella contains iron, folate, and vitamin B-12. Some researchers have suggested that it might reduce high blood pressure during pregnancy. Thirty-two Japanese women who took 6g of daily chlorella supplements from weeks 12–18 of pregnancy had lower levels of anemia and fewer signs of pregnancy-induced hypertension than those who took a placebo. People should always speak to a doctor before taking any supplements during pregnancy. Some products can pose a risk to the pregnant woman and the unborn child. Some supplements have been proven safe to use during pregnancy. Click here to find out which ones. Endurance capacity In a 2014 studyTrusted Source, researchers looked at how taking 15 chlorella tablets twice a day for 4 weeks affected the peak oxygen intake in humans. Ten young people took either chlorella or a placebo. Those who took chlorella saw an increase in their peak oxygen intake, indicating that chlorella might help increase aerobic endurance capacity. This was a small investigation, and it had various limitations. However, it could mean that chlorella might one day play a role as a supplement for athletes. Fighting BPA Estrogen is a hormone that occurs naturally in the body. However, some substances that mimic the activityTrusted Source of estrogen can cause damage to the body. These substances, known as xenoestrogens, can enter the body through contaminated soil, water, air, plastics, and other sources. Xenestrogens may increaseTrusted Source a person’s chance of developing various types of cancer. In a 2009 studyTrusted Source, Chlorella fusca removed 90% of an xenoestrogen known as bisphenol A (BPA) from a laboratory culture. How can BPA affect a person’s health? Find out here. Nutrition The exact balance of nutrients in chlorella will depend on the type and the way people grow and process it. Below are some of the nutritional benefits of chlorella. Which supplements do experts recommend for vegans? Find out here. Protein Chlorella can contain up to 70%Trusted Source dry weight protein. One mouse study has shown that the body absorbs protein from three types of chlorella effectively. This is rare for plant protein sources. It makes chlorella a suitable protein option for vegans. Click here for more information on protein-rich vegan foods. Vitamin B-12 Chlorella is one of the few plant sources of vitamin B-12. Research published in 2015 found that B-12 from Chlorella pyrenoidosa helped improve the health markers of 17 vegans and vegetarians aged 26–57 years who had a history of B-12 deficiency. A dosage of 9 g per day appeared to be effective. Findings showed that the body could absorb B-12 from chlorella effectively. This could make chlorella a useful option for some people with a vitamin B-12 deficiency, including vegans and vegetarians. Who needs vitamin B-12 supplementation? Find out here. Iron Chlorella is rich in iron and can help prevent iron deficiency anemia. In a 2009 study, women who took a 6g chlorella supplement during pregnancy experienced significantly lower rates of anemia than women who took a placebo. Learn more about why the body needs iron and where to get it. Tips for using chlorella in food Chlorella is available as a supplement in liquid, powder, or tablet form. People can add chlorella powder to salad dressings, beverages, and baked goods to boostTrusted Source their nutritional value. Risks and side effects In 2018, researchersTrusted Source found that an algae based diet that included chlorella had no adverse effects on mice. The mice tolerated the diet well and did not show any signs of damage to their liver, heart, or kidney functions. They also absorbed similar levels of protein to mice who consumed a soy based diet. Sensitivities and allergies In 2011, the American Cancer SocietyTrusted Source cautioned that there was not enough evidence to suggest that chlorella can fight cancer or any other human disease. They also warned people to stop taking chlorella if they noticed signs of sensitivity or allergic reaction. Viruses and contamination Viruses can sometimes affectTrusted Source green algae, such as chlorella. There is some evidence that algal viruses could affect humans. A 2014 mouse studyTrusted Source suggested that one algal virus could affect memory and other cognitive functions. Inflammation Research dating back to 1996 found endotoxin-like properties in an extract of chlorella. Under laboratory conditions, scientists have found evidenceTrusted Source that endotoxins can cause inflammation in humans. The effect depends mainly on the size of the dose, however. Check first with a doctor A supplement is not a medicine. Often, it can provide a small amount of a nutrient but not enough to have a significant impact on a person’s health. For this reason, people should use supplements alongside any other treatment plan and not as a substitute. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) do not regulate the safety and effectiveness of supplements in the U.S. However, recently, many chlorella products have gained GRAS designationTrusted Source, which means they are “generally recognized as safe.” While the supplement may be safe, however, it may not contain enough active ingredients to make it effective. It could, therefore, be a waste of money. Anyone who is considering using chlorella as a supplement should speak to a doctor first. They should also ensure they are buying the right type and that they purchase it from a reputable source. Summary Supporters of chlorella say it is a highly nutritious dietary supplement that can make up for some of the nutrient deficiencies that vegetarians and vegans commonly experience. Some early scientific evidence supports its use in boosting health and wellbeing, but more research is necessary to confirm these claims. As a dietary supplement, chlorella may have some benefits. However, people should always check with a doctor first to ensure a supplement is safe for them to use. Q: Can supplements like chlorella really help, or is it better to get our nutrients from a diet with plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables? A: Current evidence suggests that chlorella could be a beneficial supplement to complement a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, but it cannot replace them. The various colors and varieties of fruits and vegetables provide a wide range of vitamins, minerals, fiber, enzymes, and phytochemicals that a single supplement or plant cannot match. Natalie Butler, R.D., L.D. Trusted Source Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice. Was this helpful? Last medically reviewed on November 6, 2019 Nutrition / DietComplementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine How we reviewed this article: SOURCES Share this article Medically reviewed by Natalie Butler, R.D., L.D. — By Dan Wessels — Updated on July 17, 2023 Latest news Herpes may double the risk of developing dementia Can weight loss drugs actually help lower depression and anxiety risk? Is a treatment for those at genetic risk of Alzheimer's on the horizon? Acupuncture may help reduce stroke risk in people with rheumatoid arthritis Test screening for 11 blood biomarkers could predict dementia 15 years sooner Was this article helpful? Yes No What are the health benefits of kale? Benefits Nutrition Diet Risks Summary Kale can be good for adding fiber and antioxidants to the diet in many savory dishes, salads, and smoothies. Various benefits include managing blood pressure and boosting digestive health. Kale is a green, leafy, cruciferous vegetable that is rich in nutrients. It is a member of the mustard, or Brassicaceae, family, as are cabbage and Brussels sprouts. This article looks at the nutritional content and health benefits of kale, how to include it in the diet, and reasons why some people should not eat too much of it. Benefits Consuming kale may help boost digestive health, among other benefits. Kale contains fiber, antioxidants, calcium, vitamins C and K, iron, and a wide range of other nutrients that can help prevent various health problems. Antioxidants help the body remove unwanted toxins that result from natural processes and environmental pressures. These toxins, known as free radicalsTrusted Source, are unstable molecules. If too many build up in the body, they can lead to cell damage. This may result in health problems such as inflammation and diseases. Experts believe that free radicals may play a role in the development of cancer, for example. Learn more here about antioxidant foods. Diabetes The American Diabetes Association recommend consuming foods that are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. There is evidence that some of these may offer protection against diabetes. Fiber: A 2018 studyTrusted Source concluded that people who consume the highest amounts of dietary fiber appear to have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Consuming dietary fiber might also lower blood glucose levels, the authors note. Antioxidants: Authors of a 2012 articleTrusted Source note that high blood sugar levels can trigger the production of free radicals. They note that antioxidants, such as vitamin C and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), can help reduce complications that may occur with diabetes. Both of these antioxidants are present in kale. Which foods can help stabilize blood sugar levels? Heart disease Various nutrients in kale may support heart health. Potassium: The American Heart AssociationTrusted Source (AHA) recommend increasing the intake of potassium while reducing the consumption of added salt, or sodium. This, say the AHA, can reduce the risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. A cup of cooked kale provides 3.6% of an adult’s daily needs for potassium. Fiber: A Cochrane review from 2016 found a link between consuming fiber and a lower blood lipid (fat) levels and blood pressure. People who consumed more fiber were more likely to have lower levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or “bad” cholesterol. People need both soluble and insoluble fiber. Learn more here about both types. Cancer Chlorophyll: Kale and other green vegetables that contain chlorophyll can help prevent the body from absorbing heterocyclic amines. These chemicals occur when people grill animal-derived foods at a high temperature. Experts have linked them with cancer. The human body cannot absorb much chlorophyll, but chlorophyll binds to these carcinogens and prevents the body from absorbing them. In this way, kale may limit the risk of cancer, and pairing a chargrilled steak with green vegetables may help reduce the negative impact. Antioxidants: The vitamin C, beta carotene, selenium, and other antioxidants in kale may help prevent cancer. Studies have not found that supplements have the same effect, but people who have a high intake of fruits and vegetables appear to have a lower risk of developing various cancers. This may be due to the antioxidants these foods contain. Fiber: A high consumption of fiber may help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, according to a studyTrusted Source from 2015. How does a person’s diet affect their cancer risk? Find out here. Bone health Calcium and phosphorus are crucial for healthy bone formation. Some researchTrusted Source has suggested that a high intake of vitamin K may help reduce the risk of bone fractures. A cup of cooked kale provides almost five times an adult’s daily need for vitamin K, around 15–18% of their calcium need, and about 7% of the daily phosphorus requirement. Get some more tips on increasing bone density. Digestion Kale is high in fiber and water, both of which help prevent constipation and promote regularity and a healthy digestive tract. Which foods can boost digestion? Skin and hair Kale is a good source of beta-carotene, the carotenoid that the body converts into vitamin A as it needs it. Beta-carotene and vitamin A are necessary for the growth and maintenance of all body tissues, including the skin and hair. The body uses vitamin C to build and maintain collagen, a protein that provides structure for skin, hair, and bones. Vitamin C is also present in kale. A cup of cooked kale provides at least 20% of a person’s daily need for vitamin A and over 23% of the daily requirement for vitamin C. Which other foods can boost hair growth? Eye health Kale contains lutein and zeaxanthin, an antioxidant combination that may help reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and zinc also play a role in eye health. All of these are present in kaleTrusted Source. For more tips on what to eat for eye health, click here. Nutrition The table below shows the amount of each nutrient in a cup of boiled kale, weighing around 118 gramsTrusted Source (g), without added salt. It also shows how much an adult needs of each nutrient, according to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for AmericansTrusted Source. Requirements vary according to the individual’s sex and age. Nutrient Amount in 1 cup Daily adult requirement Energy (calories) 42.5 1,800–3,000 Carbohydrate in grams (g) 6.3, including 1.4 g of sugar 130 Fiber (g) 4.7 22.4–33.6 Protein (g) 3.5 46–56 Calcium in milligrams (mg) 177 1,000–1,200 Iron (mg) 1.0 8–18 Magnesium (mg) 29.5 320–420 Phosphorus (mg) 49.6 700 Potassium (mg) 170 4,700 Sodium (mg) 18.9 2,300 Zinc (mg) 0.3 8–11 Copper (mcg) 0.8 900 Manganese (mg) 0.6 1.8–2.3 Selenium in micrograms (mcg) 1.1 55 Vitamin C (mg) 21 75–90 Folate (mcg DFE) 76.7 400 Betaine (mg) 0.4 No data Beta carotene (mcg) 2,040 No data Lutein + zeaxanthin (mcg) 5,880 No data Vitamin E (mg) 1.9 15 Vitamin K (mcg) 494 90–120 Vitamin A (mcg RAE) 172 700–900 Kale also provides a range of antioxidants and B vitamins. Find out more about the importance of spinach, which is another green, leafy vegetable. Dietary tips Kale is a crisp and hearty vegetable, with a hint of earthiness. The flavors and nutritional content can vary between types. Younger leaves and summer leaves tend to be less bitter and fibrous. Curly kale: This is the most commonly available type. It is usually bright green, dark green, or purple, with tight, ruffled leaves that are easy to tear. To remove the leaves from the fibrous stalk, run your hand down the stalk in the direction of growth. Lacinato or dinosaur kale: This dark blue-green variety is firmer and more robust than curly kale. It is known as dinosaur kale because of its scaly texture. The leaves tend to be longer and flatter and maintain their texture after cooking. Less bitter than curly kale, dinosaur kale is ideal for making kale chips. Red Russian kale: This is a flat-leaf variety that looks a little like oak leaves. The stalks are slightly purple, and the leaves have a reddish tinge. People may find the stalks too fibrous to eat, but the leaves are sweet and delicate, with a hint of pepper and lemon, almost like sorrel. People can add them raw to salads, sandwiches, and juices, or as a garnish. Kale grows well in the colder winter months, making a good addition when other fruits and vegetables are less readily available. It is best to cook winter kale, as colder weather can turn the sugars in kale into starch, increasing the bitterness and fiber content. Serving suggestions People can eat kale raw, or steam, braise, boil, or sautée it, or add it to soups and casseroles. Raw: Scrunching the leaves briefly in the hands can make them easier to digest. Add to salads, sandwiches, wraps, or smoothies. As a side dish: Sauté fresh garlic and onions in olive oil until soft. Add kale and continue to sauté until desired tenderness. Alternatively, steam for 5 minutes, then drain and stir in a dash of soy sauce and tahini. Kale chips: Remove the ribs from the kale and toss in olive oil or lightly spray and sprinkle with a combination of cumin, curry powder, chili powder, roasted red pepper flakes or garlic powder. Bake at 275°F for 15–30 minutes to desired crispness. Smoothies: Add a handful of kale to any favorite smoothie. It will add nutrients without changing the flavor very much. Risks The Environmental Working Group, which assesses a range of products every year, put kale third on their 2019 list of fruits and vegetables most at risk of contamination with pesticides. People should wash kale thoroughly before using it. Some people should avoid eating too much kale for the following reasons: Beta-blockers: Doctors often prescribe this type of medication for heart disease. It can increase potassium levels in the blood. People who use beta-blockers should consume high potassium foods, such as kale, in moderation. Kidney disease: Consuming too much potassium can be harmful to people whose kidneys are not fully functional. If the kidneys cannot remove excess potassium from the blood, consuming additional potassium could be fatal. Blood thinners: Kale is a rich source of vitamin K, which contributes to blood clotting. This could interfere with the activity of blood thinners, such as warfarin (Coumadin). Anyone who is taking any of these medications should speak to their doctor about foods to avoid. Summary Kale is a green, leafy vegetable that provides a wide range of nutrients. It is a healthful addition to a varied diet, and people can use it in numerous ways. Learn more about other cruciferous vegetables: Brussels sprouts Broccoli Q: Are foods like kale safe for people with a risk of a blood clot, since it contains so much vitamin K? A: Those who are at risk of a blood clot should speak to their doctors about how much vitamin K is appropriate for them. Those who use blood clotting medications, such as warfarin, should eat similar amounts of vitamin K daily to keep levels consistent, as extra vitamin K will affect the amount of medication they need. Giving up vitamin K-rich foods is not necessary; it is more about keeping the amounts you consume daily consistent. Read this article in Spanish. Natalie Olsen, R.D., L.D., ACSM EP-C Trusted Source Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice. Was this helpful? Last medically reviewed on January 17, 2020 DiabetesBones / OrthopedicsCardiovascular / CardiologyNutrition / Diet How we reviewed this article: SOURCES Share this article Medically reviewed by Katherine Marengo LDN, R.D., Nutrition — By Megan Ware, RDN, L.D. on January 17, 2020 Latest news Herpes may double the risk of developing dementia Can weight loss drugs actually help lower depression and anxiety risk? Is a treatment for those at genetic risk of Alzheimer's on the horizon? Acupuncture may help reduce stroke risk in people with rheumatoid arthritis Test screening for 11 blood biomarkers could predict dementia 15 years sooner Was this article helpful? Yes No What are superfoods and why should you eat them? What are superfoods? Common superfoods Diet Risks Tips for using supplements The term “superfood” is a fairly new term referring to foods that offer maximum nutritional benefits for minimal calories. They are packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. No standard criteria or legal definitions classify any food as a superfood at this time. However, most superfoods are plant-based. In this article, we define what qualifies as a superfood, provide some common examples and their benefits, and provide tips on how to include them in the diet. What are superfoods? Acai berries are known to contain several different amino acids and antioxidants. Superfoods are foods that have a very high nutritional density. This means that they provide a substantial amount of nutrients and very few calories. They contain a high volume of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants. Antioxidants are natural molecules that occur in certain foods. They help neutralize free radicals in our bodies. Free radicals are natural byproducts of energy production that can wreak havoc on the body. Antioxidant molecules decrease or reverse the effects of free radicals that have close links with the following health problems: heart disease cancer arthritis stroke respiratory diseases immune deficiency emphysema Parkinson’s disease Superfoods are not cure-all foods. Dietitian Penny Kris-Etherton explains: “A lot of people have unrealistic expectations about these foods, thinking they’ll be protected from chronic diseases and health problems. They may eat one or two of these nutrient-dense foods on top of a poor diet.” Including superfoods as part of daily nutritional intake is great but only when consuming a healthy, balanced diet overall. Eat a “super diet” rather than to concentrate on individual foods. Common superfoods Studies have demonstratedTrusted Source that superfoods high in antioxidants and flavonoids help prevent coronary heart disease and cancer, as well as improving immunity and decreasing inflammation. Regularly eating fruits and vegetables also has strong associations with a lower risk of many lifestyle-related health conditions and overall mortality. The nutrients they contain help promote a healthy complexion, nails, and hair and increase energy levels. They can also help maintain a healthy weight. Berries The higher levels of flavonoids in berries have been shown to lower the riskTrusted Source of a heart attack. A few commonly identified superfood berries include acai berries, blueberries, raspberries, tart cherries, cranberries, and goji berries. They boast the following benefits: Acai berries: These are small, dark purple berries grown in South America. They contain 19 amino acids and many antioxidants. Blueberries: These are high in fiber, manganese, and vitamin K. Cranberries are high in a particular flavonoid that helps lower the risk of urinary tract infection. Goji berries: These are a small red berry native to Asia that are high in vitamin C and E, along with many different types of flavonoids. They are frequently used in Eastern medicine to help treat diabetes and high blood pressure and maintain eye, liver, and kidney health. Soy Soybeans have a high concentration of isoflavones, a type of phytochemical. Phytochemicals are compounds that occur naturally in plants. Some research demonstrates that isoflavones in soy help reduce the amount of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or “bad” cholesterol in the blood. A few studies have shown that soy may prevent age-related memory loss. Soy isoflavones might also reduce bone loss and increase bone mineral density during menopause, as well as decreasing menopausal symptoms. Tea Many foods considered to be “superfoods” are rich in color, often indicating that they are rich in antioxidants. Tea contains few calories, helps with hydration, and is a good source of antioxidants. Catechins, potent antioxidants found primarily in green tea, have beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. A study published in the Journal of Physiological Anthropology examined the effects of green tea, white tea, and water consumption on stress levels in 18 students. The study suggestedTrusted Source that both green and white tea had reduced stress levels and that white tea had an even greater effect. Larger studies are necessary to confirm this possible health benefit. Green tea may also have an anti-arthritic effect by suppressing overall inflammation. Leafy greens People often identify kale, spinach, Swiss chard, beet greens, and collard greens as superfood leafy greens. These foods are rich in vitamins A, C, E, and K, and many B vitamins. Leafy greens also contain an abundance of carotenoids, iron, magnesium, potassium, and calcium. One cup of kale provides 550 micrograms (mcg) of vitamin K, equivalent to over 680 percent of a person’s daily needs. Kale and other leafy greens are high in fiber and water content, both of which help to prevent constipation and promote regularity and a healthy digestive tract. Salmon The high omega-3 fatty acid content in salmon and other fatty fish, such as trout and herring, can decrease the riskTrusted Source of abnormal heartbeats, reduce cholesterol and slow the growth of arterial plaque. Dark chocolate Research has foundTrusted Source that dark chocolate is high in flavonoids. Flavonoids demonstrateTrusted Source antioxidant activity, prevent coronary heart disease and certain types of cancer, and boost the immune system. The component in chocolate specifically responsible for these benefits is cacao powder. Manufacturers derive this from cacao beans. Bear in mind that chocolate may have added ingredients, such as added sugar, that might negate these benefits. Wine and grapes Grapes, particularly red grapes, contain healthful components such as resveratrol and quercetin. Resveratrol, the polyphenol found in wine that made it famously “heart healthy”, is present in the skins of red grapes. A few studies have shown promise that resveratrol can protect against diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy. These are conditions caused by poorly controlled diabetes where vision is severely affected. One 2013 studyTrusted Source found that it reduced the effects of neural changes and damage associated with diabetic neuropathy. Researchers have also found resveratrol to be beneficial for treating Alzheimer’s disease, relieving hot flashes and mood swings associated with menopause, and improving blood glucose control. However, large studies using human subjects are still needed to confirm these findings. Another flavonoid that occurs in grapes, quercetin, is a natural anti-inflammatory that appears to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and protect against the damage caused by LDL cholesterol in animal studies. Quercetin may also have effects that act against cancer. However, more studies using human subjects are necessary before researchers can confirm the benefits beyond all doubt. Although wine does contain antioxidants, keep in mind that eating grapes would provide the same benefit alongside additional fiber. The American Heart Association recommends that people limit alcoholic beverages Trusted Sourceto no more than two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women. Other superfoods Superfoods gaining popularity include: spirulina blue-green algae garlic wheatgrass beets and beet juice turmeric Brazil nuts barley Diet A person can incorporate these foods into a varied healthy diet when available. However, do not overspend or search too widely trying to find them. The secret is that any leafy green vegetable or berry in a grocery store will provide many of the same benefits an individual will find in the premium-priced superfoods. Buy your produce in season and from local sources to ensure the highest nutrient content. Do not discount the humble apple or carrot either — all fruits and vegetables are essentially superfoods. Replacing as many processed foods as possible with whole foods will drastically improve health. Quick tips: These tips can help you get more superfoods into your diet: Look at the colors on your plate. Is all of your food brown or beige? Then it is likely that antioxidant levels are low. Add in foods with rich color like kale, beets, and berries. Add shredded greens to soups and stir fries. Try replacing your beef or poultry with salmon or tofu. Add berries to oatmeal, cereal, salads or baked goods. Make sure you have a fruit or a vegetable every time you eat, including meals and snacks. Have a daily green or matcha tea. Make turmeric, cumin, oregano, ginger, clove, and cinnamon your go-to spices to amp up the antioxidant content of your meals. Snack on nuts, seeds (especially Brazil nuts and sunflower seeds) and dried fruit (with no sugar or salt added). Try these healthy and delicious recipes developed by registered dietitians: Acai berry bowl Chocolate banana smoothie Spinach basil pesto Matcha vegetable curry Powered-up lasagna. Risks Taking superfoods in supplement form is not the same as getting the nutrients from the real foods. Many supplements contain ingredients that can cause a strong biological effect on the body. Supplements might also interactTrusted Source with other medications. Taking supplements could result in vitamin or mineral toxicity, affect recovery after surgery, and trigger other side effects. Tips for using supplements The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warns that combining or taking too many supplements can be hazardous. Only use supplements that the FDA has approved. Tips for safe use include the following:Trusted Source Use non-commercial sites for information, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and FDA. Beware of claims that a product “works better than a prescription drug” or “is totally safe.” Remember that natural does not always mean safe. If using supplements, the FDA recommendsTrusted Source choosing high-quality products that have been tested by a third party. Find out more about individual supplement testing here. Always check first with a health provider before starting to use a supplement. Last medically reviewed on January 7, 2019 Heart DiseaseImmune System / VaccinesNutrition / DietObesity / Weight Loss / Fitness How we reviewed this article: SOURCES Share this article Medically reviewed by Natalie Olsen, R.D., L.D., ACSM EP-C — By Megan Ware, RDN, L.D. on January 7, 2019 Latest news Herpes may double the risk of developing dementia Can weight loss drugs actually help lower depression and anxiety risk? Is a treatment for those at genetic risk of Alzheimer's on the horizon? Acupuncture may help reduce stroke risk in people with rheumatoid arthritis Test screening for 11 blood biomarkers could predict dementia 15 years sooner Was this article helpful? Yes No Why are polyphenols good for you? High-polyphenol foods Benefits Risks and side effects Takeaway Polyphenols are a category of chemicals that naturally occur in plants. There are more than 500 unique polyphenols. They have various health benefits, including reducing inflammation and lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes. Polyphenols can be further categorized into the following groups: flavonoids phenolic acids stilbenes lignans Collectively, these chemicals are known as phytochemicals. Read on to learn more about what foods are high in polyphenols, as well as the possible health benefits of consuming them. High-polyphenol foods Various herbs and spices contain polyphenols, including star anise, peppermint, and cinnamon. Plant-based foods such as vegetables and fruits tend to be high in polyphenols. The number of polyphenols in a food can vary depending on where the food is grown, how it is farmed and transported, how ripe it is, and how it is cooked or prepared. See below for some of the most common sources of dietary polyphenols: Food group Some major sources of polyphenols Fruits oranges, apples, grapes, peaches, grapefruit juice, cherries, blueberries, pomegranate juice, raspberries, cranberries, black elderberries, blackcurrants, plums, blackberries, strawberries, apricots Vegetables spinach, onions, shallots, potatoes, black and green olives, globe artichoke heads, broccoli, asparagus, carrots Whole grains whole grain wheat, rye, and oat flours Nuts, seeds, and legumes roasted soybeans, black beans, white beans, chestnuts, hazelnuts, pecans, almonds, walnuts, flaxseed Beverages coffee, tea, red wine Fats dark chocolate, virgin olive oil, sesame seed oil Spices and seasonings cocoa powder, capers, saffron, dried oregano, dried rosemary, soy sauce, cloves, dried peppermint, star anise, celery seed, dried sage, dried spearmint, dried thyme, dried basil, curry powder, dried ginger, cumin, cinnamon Benefits Polyphenols may help to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Many of the health benefits associated with polyphenols may be related to their role as antioxidants. Antioxidants are known for their ability to combat cell damage. Polyphenols may also impact genes and gene expression. A person’s specific genes can also affect how their body responds to certain types of polyphenols. Polyphenols may even influence gut bacteria. Type 2 diabetes Some researchers have reported that polyphenols may lower the risk for type 2 diabetes. Polyphenols may boost insulin sensitivity, as well as slow down the rate the body digests and absorbs sugar. According to one reviewTrusted Source, a type of flavonoid called flavan-3-ols may be especially beneficial for lowering insulin resistance. The same review also found that flavonoids seem to be the type of polyphenol most often associated with a lower risk for type 2 diabetes. An analysis of studies on flavonoid intake and type 2 diabetes concluded that people who consumed the most flavonoids had a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those who took in the least. Increasing flavonoid intake also appeared to be a way to reduce the risk of disease significantly. Unprocessed cocoa is a rich source of flavonoids. One review found that cocoa consumption significantly decreased a marker of insulin resistance. It is worth noting that unprocessed cocoa is very different from the chocolate in candy bars or traditional desserts. Unprocessed cocoa comes straight from the cacao plant with no sugar added. Inflammation A studyTrusted Source in animals looked at the effect of green tea polyphenols on measures of inflammation after exercise. Rats that received the tea polyphenols were able to keep up their activity for longer than the rats that did not receive the polyphenols. They also had significantly lower levels of chemicals that signaled inflammation and muscle damage in their blood. Lignans are a class of polyphenols that occur at their highest levels in virgin olive oil, flaxseed, and whole grain rye flour. One way to study lignan intake is to look at levels of lignans in urine. In a studyTrusted Source of adults in the United States, researchers found that higher levels of lignans in the urine were associated with lower levels of measures of inflammation. This could be important since long-term inflammation has been associated with certain diseases, such as heart disease and cancer. Heart disease A review of studies looked at the impact of cocoa polyphenols on risk factors for heart disease. Scientists found that consuming cocoa for at least 2 weeks led to a significant decrease in blood pressure. They also found that cocoa significantly decreased LDL or “bad” cholesterol, and raised HDL or “good” cholesterol. Obesity Polyphenol intake may also play a role in body weight regulation. One studyTrusted Source compared the intake of flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Researchers found that a higher flavonoid intake was associated with lower BMI and waist circumference. These results are significant because obesity is associated with a higher risk for many chronic diseases Risks and side effects Foods rich in polyphenols, such as grapefruit and grapefruit juice, may interact with medication. Including foods that are rich in polyphenols as part of a healthful diet is safe for most people. People with food allergies or certain medical conditions may need to avoid certain polyphenol-rich foods, however. While polyphenols occur naturally in many plant foods, they may be added to some foods, or extracted and used to make supplements. Even though polyphenols appear to offer many benefits, excessive amounts may have adverse effects. Some supplements contain polyphenols in higher quantities than would be consumed in a healthful diet. An article on the safety of polyphenols reported that a high dose of one particular polyphenol caused kidney damage in mice. The same article also described several other animal studies in which polyphenols led to tumor development and altered thyroid hormone production. Some polyphenol-rich foods may also affect the absorption of certain nutrients, as is the case with tea and iron from plant foods. Grapefruit juice is known to interact with multiple medications, and part of this interaction may be related to a type of polyphenol found in grapefruit juice. Takeaway Overall, polyphenols appear to offer many promising health benefits. More research is needed before polyphenols can be recommended in supplemental doses, however. For now, it is best to consume polyphenols in their natural form of plant foods. The Mediterranean diet is one eating pattern that includes many foods that are rich in polyphenols. As an aside, it is important to note that many studies of polyphenol-rich foods have been sponsored by food companies. Last medically reviewed on October 18, 2017 Nutrition / Diet How we reviewed this article: SOURCES Share this article Medically reviewed by Natalie Olsen, R.D., L.D., ACSM EP-C — By Megan Ware, RDN, L.D. on October 18, 2017 Latest news Herpes may double the risk of developing dementia Can weight loss drugs actually help lower depression and anxiety risk? Is a treatment for those at genetic risk of Alzheimer's on the horizon? Acupuncture may help reduce stroke risk in people with rheumatoid arthritis Test screening for 11 blood biomarkers could predict dementia 15 years sooner Was this article helpful? Yes No What are the best teas for health? We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process. How we vet brands and products It’s likely that we all enjoy a hot cup of tea — or herbal infusion — at least from time to time, if not on a daily basis. But what are the most important health benefits that some of these soothing teas can bring us? Read on to learn more about the top teas for our health. “Tea began as a medicine and grew into a beverage,” writes 19th-century Japanese scholar Okakura Kakuzo in his infamous publication The Book of Tea. In it, he speaks at length about the history of tea and the philosophy of the traditional Japanese tea ceremony. Kakuzo was correct: modern research about the history of tea-drinking in the world confirms that this beverage was originally consumed less for pleasure or as a mindfulness aid, calling for the drinker to take slow sips and be in the moment. Instead, as shown by Prof. Victor Henry Mair — from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia — in The True History of Tea, early in its history, the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) became popular for its medicinal properties. The tea plant’s main varieties — Camellia sinensis sinensis and Camellia sinensis assamica — are responsible for most of the tea brews that we are accustomed to: black tea, green tea, white tea, and oolong tea. There are many other types of teas and infusions using various other plants, such as Aspalathus linearis, which is better known as “rooibos” or “redbush.” In this Spotlight, we’ll give you an overview of the top five teas that can benefit your health. 1. Green tea A favorite with tea drinkers everywhere, green tea has been praised for its medicinal properties for years. Some recent studies have now confirmed some of these benefits, suggesting that green tea may protect various aspects of our health. Green tea can increase cognitive functioning. To begin with, this beverage has been found to enhance cognitive functioning, with one studyTrusted Source connecting it to better working memory, the type of we use on a day-to-day basis. Researchers from the University Hospital of Basel in Switzerland found that healthy people who agreed to consume a soft drink containing 27.5 grams of green tea extract exhibited more intense activity in brain areas linked to working memory. Therefore, participants who had ingested the green tea extract had better connectivity between the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain, which are two regions involved in aspects of learning, memory processes, and decision-making. The health benefits brought about by green tea have been linked with their content of polyphenolsTrusted Source, which are micronutrients with antioxidant properties. As antioxidants, these substances can protect against the action of free radicals, which induce the type of cellular damage consistent with aging. A 2017 study that was published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society found that one such polyphenol found in green tea — called epigallocatechin gallate — may lower the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by interacting with the “building blocks” that form beta-amyloid plaques. A buildup of these plaques in the brain is typical of this condition and impairs brain cell signaling. Epigallocatechin gallate, this study suggests, could stop beta-amyloid from forming into plaques, potentially helping to keep Alzheimer’s at bay. This same green tea polyphenol has also been said to slow down the growth of tumor cells of certain types of cancer, such as pancreatic cancer. Research that was led by the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute in California has shown that epigallocatechin gallate can disrupt the metabolism of pancreatic cancer cells, thereby impairing their growth. 2. Jasmine tea What we refer to as “jasmine tea” is a type of beverage that usually has green tea at its base, to which jasmine flowers are added for an enriched aroma. Jasmine tea is an important component of the diet of one of the longest-living populations in the world. But the benefits of jasmine tea aren’t solely due to the antioxidant effects of the tea plant, since jasmine blooms also bring their own medicinal properties to the mix. In the book Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life, authors Héctor García and Francesc Miralles note that the inhabitants of a healthy, long-lived community in the Okinawa Prefecture of Japan are avid drinkers of Sanpin-cha, a special blend of green tea and jasmine. “Okinawans drink more Sanpin-cha — a mix of green tea and jasmine flowers — than any other kind of tea,” they write, suggesting that this blend may play a role in keeping the inhabitants of Okinawa healthy and mentally agile well into old age. This may be because, like the tea plant, jasmine flowers contain antioxidants — which may protect cells from age-related damage. Jasmine itself has been linked with improved physical well-being and is said to reduce the impact of stress. That is why some researchers have experimented with compounds derived from this plant in the search of better therapies. For instance, Prof. Eliezer Flescher — from Tel Aviv University in Israel — noticed that methyl jasmonateTrusted Source, which is a compound obtained from jasmonic acid, found in the jasmine plant, induces the death of cervical cancer cells. And, if you happen to enjoy drinking jasmine tea simply because you love the way it smells, there’s actually a good reason for that. Research that was published in the European Journal of Applied Physiology explained that the smell of jasmine tea is soothing, able to calm nerves, and able to help regulate mood. 3. Rooibos tea Another type of tea with antioxidant properties is rooibos, or “redbush tea,” which is prepared from the Aspalathus linearis plant native to South Africa. Rooibos tea may protect liver health. Research has suggested that the antioxidant effects of rooibos are similar to, if not quite as strong as, those of green tea. A recent study on the rat model has suggested that the antioxidants in rooibos tea may protect the liver from oxidative stress, helping to render this organ more resilient to induced damage. The researchers who conducted the study noted that their findings suggest that rooibos tea or rooibos-derived dietary supplements may offer a useful health boost. “Results from this study suggest that the daily intake of unfermented rooibos herbal tea or a derived commercial rooibos supplement may benefit human health by providing the liver with an enhanced antioxidant capacity to reduce damage induced by toxicants.” Moreover, rooibos has also been cited as helpful in lowering blood pressure and relaxing tense muscles, suggesting that the active ingredient in this instance might be one of the flavonoids (pigments) that it contains: chrysoeriol. Unlike green or black tea, rooibos does not contain any caffeine, so it won’t have the same stimulating effects. This makes it safe to drink well into the evening. 4. Hibiscus tea Those of you who enjoy the refreshing taste of a more sour brew may also be familiar with herbal infusions of hibiscus, a plant whose flowers can be used not just to make invigorating beverages, but also to give a subtle “punch” to salads, or as an elegant garnish for sophisticated dishes. Hibiscus tea is an antioxidant and may bring cardiovascular benefits. The most commonly used variety is Hibiscus sabdariffa, also known as the “roselle.” For the tea — or, more correctly “tisane” (herbal tea) — its calyces are typically used, although other parts of the plant, such as the leaves, seeds, and roots, are safe for consumption. Studies have suggested that extracts from the hibiscus calyx and hibiscus leaves have antioxidant and antitumoralTrusted Source effects. Therefore, they may protect against the aging action of free radicals at a cellular level, as well as fight certain types of leukemia cells. Hibiscus tea has also been tied to cardiovascular benefitsTrusted Source, helping to regulate systolic and diastolic blood pressure — that is, blood pressure during and in-between heart beats, respectively. Though not so commonly used to brew tea, hibiscus leaves have also been linked repeatedly to a wide array of health benefits. Thus, the polyphenols in hibiscus leaves may help to induce tumor cell death in skin cancer, according to a 2015 studyTrusted Source. Another studyTrusted Source from the same year also argued that hibiscus leaf extracts could inhibit the action of prostate cancer cells. 5. Lemon verbena tea Another herbal tea whose medicinal properties are getting increasingly recognized is that made out of lemon verbena, scientifically dubbed Aloysia citrodora. Infusions with lemon verbena are said to help with weight management. It is the citrus-flavored cousin of a better-known plant that has been used in herbal infusions for years: verbena, or vervain (Verbena officinalis). Infusions made with lemon verbena are great for those who, like me, prefer a subtler citrusy aroma in their hot drinks, rather than the strong, lemony flavor of commonly commercialized citrus tea blends. The first time that I came upon this plant sold as a tisane herb was in a local organic shop that was selling it as “weight loss tea.” In fact, studies have shown that the polyphenols in this plant can decreaseTrusted Source the formation of fatty acids, marking its potential use in the treatment of obesity-related health issues. Researchers have also suggested that lemon verbena extracts may help to lower inflammatory markers’ levelsTrusted Source in the blood of some people with multiple sclerosis. “Results demonstrate that supplementation with lemon verbena extracts may affect the cytokine [inflammation markers] profile depending on the clinical subtype,” the study authors conclude. Having a cup of your tea — or tisane — of choice may be a pleasant way to carve out some self-indulgence time and stimulate your bodily and mental well-being in a subtle way. But always keep in mind that, as the saying goes, “one swallow does not a summer make,” and the most potent health benefits are best reaped by leading a healthful, wholesome lifestyle. Cancer / OncologyNutrition / DietObesity / Weight Loss / Fitness