Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

Transcript Search in video 0:01 have you ever found yourself feeling 0:03 tired and unable to concentrate in a 0:05 lesson 0:07 it's probably happened to all of us 0:09 even when you might have felt great at 0:11 the start of the lesson 0:13 lack of concentration in the classroom 0:15 is obviously a big problem which can 0:17 often be mistaken for pupils being 0:19 uninterested in a lesson or perhaps not 0:22 getting enough sleep the night before 0:25 but there could be another reason that 0:27 you might not be aware of which is all 0:30 to do with the air we breathe 0:32 to understand this reason you must first 0:35 understand the science behind it 0:39 energy is a vital part of biology and is 0:42 needed for all the processes in our 0:44 bodies 0:45 for example movement keeping warm 0:48 and chemical reactions to build larger 0:50 molecules 0:53 cellular respiration is the process that 0:55 takes place continuously in all living 0:58 cells to produce this energy 1:01 respiration as this is more commonly 1:03 referred to 1:04 is an exothermic reaction 1:07 this means that it releases energy which 1:10 can then be used for the processes 1:12 mentioned 1:14 there are two types of respiration 1:16 aerobic and anaerobic 1:19 the key difference between the two is 1:22 the presence or absence of oxygen 1:25 aerobic respiration in cells takes place 1:28 when oxygen is present whereas anaerobic 1:30 respiration occurs when there is no 1:33 oxygen present 1:35 both release energy in varying amounts 1:38 but there are some key pieces of 1:40 information that you need to be aware of 1:44 for both types of respiration the sugar 1:46 glucose is needed 1:48 when there is a shortage of oxygen 1:50 anaerobic respiration takes place this 1:54 happens often during muscle contractions 1:56 in humans and animals which requires a 1:59 lot of energy 2:01 if the body does not have enough oxygen 2:03 present to do this purely through 2:05 aerobic respiration for example when 2:08 someone is sprinting 2:09 anaerobic respiration takes place 2:13 during anaerobic respiration the glucose 2:15 in our muscles is converted to lactic 2:18 acid 2:19 this requires no oxygen but releases 2:22 energy in the process 2:25 because of the shortage of oxygen the 2:28 oxidation of the glucose is incomplete 2:31 causing us to become tired and out of 2:33 breath 2:34 in extreme cases it can even cause cramp 2:37 from lactic acid buildup 2:40 it also makes the process less efficient 2:42 meaning that relatively less energy is 2:45 created for the same amount of glucose 2:47 used 2:50 anaerobic respiration can also occur in 2:53 plants in yeast cells 2:55 although this process is slightly 2:57 different 2:58 when this happens the glucose becomes 3:01 ethanol and carbon dioxide releasing 3:04 energy as a result 3:06 this process is known as fermentation 3:08 which does not require oxygen 3:11 fermentation is a valuable process for 3:14 the manufacture of bread and alcoholic 3:16 drinks 3:17 in bread the carbon dioxide causes it to 3:19 rise giving it that fluffy texture that 3:22 people love 3:23 the ethanol produced is the alcohol that 3:25 is used in the drinks 3:29 now i want you to take a deep breath in 3:33 and out 3:35 you may already know that when we inhale 3:38 we are doing so to take oxygen in from 3:40 the air 3:41 and when we exhale we are releasing 3:43 carbon dioxide 3:46 understanding the aerobic respiration 3:48 process can help us to understand why 3:50 this is and the importance of the 3:52 quality of the air that we breathe 3:56 in aerobic respiration the glucose 3:59 reacts with oxygen that we inhale to 4:02 produce carbon dioxide and water 4:05 this means that we need to get rid of 4:07 the carbon dioxide that we produce which 4:09 is what happens when we exhale 4:12 energy released in this form of 4:14 respiration generates an exothermic 4:16 reaction 4:18 but the presence of the oxygen means 4:20 that the oxidation of the glucose is 4:23 complete and lots of energy is released 4:26 from the process 4:28 in addition to the word equation you 4:31 also need to learn the symbol equation 4:33 for aerobic respiration 4:35 the symbol for glucose is 4:38 c6h12o6 4:42 plus o2 for the oxygen 4:44 which becomes co2 plus h2o 4:49 when this is balanced this is c6h12o6 4:54 plus six o2 4:57 which becomes six co2 plus six h2o 5:03 imagine that you're sat in a full 5:05 classroom 5:06 in all living cells respiration takes 5:09 place continuously 5:11 this means that you 5:12 and all the pupils in the classroom are 5:15 always respiring 5:18 everyone is going to be breathing in 5:19 oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide 5:22 as a result of this process 5:25 over time and without sufficient 5:27 ventilation 5:28 this can cause carbon dioxide levels in 5:30 the classroom to build up 5:32 meaning that as we breathe in we are 5:35 gradually inhaling an increasing 5:37 proportion of carbon dioxide 5:40 this can have a profound impact on our 5:42 cognitive function or mental abilities 5:45 as our brains require a huge amount of 5:48 energy 5:51 in 1904 christian burr found that 5:54 increasing carbon dioxide levels had a 5:56 negative impact on brain function 5:59 while carbon dioxide only makes up a 6:02 very small proportion of the air 6:04 small changes in its levels can have a 6:06 big impact 6:08 the reason why carbon dioxide is so 6:10 problematic is that it affects the 6:12 acidity of the blood which in turn 6:15 prevents the blood from carrying the 6:16 oxygen to the brain that is needed for 6:19 respiration 6:20 and releasing the high amounts of energy 6:22 needed to power the brain and keep 6:24 concentrating 6:27 measuring and understanding the levels 6:29 of carbon dioxide that we are inhaling 6:31 is therefore important the crucial 6:34 number is 1 000 parts per million of 6:37 carbon dioxide 6:38 as anything above this level will begin 6:41 to restrict our brain function 6:44 although this is easy to measure using 6:46 co2 sensors it is not often done or 6:49 known about 6:51 that's why sav systems are on a mission 6:53 to improve this 6:54 giving out sensors to schools to help 6:56 monitor the co2 levels and improve the 6:59 chances of staying focused on lessons 7:03 while knowing about the importance of 7:04 co2 levels and keeping them low 7:07 it is also important to know what we can 7:09 do to keep on top of this product from 7:11 respiration 7:13 to reduce carbon dioxide levels in a 7:15 typical classroom the volume of air in 7:18 the room might need to be changed up to 7:20 five times per hour to keep the co2 7:23 levels below 1000 parts per million 7:26 this rate of change doesn't happen in a 7:28 lot of classrooms 7:30 meaning that if you're sat in a stuffy 7:32 classroom with everyone respiring and 7:34 giving off carbon dioxide 7:36 the levels of carbon dioxide can 7:38 increase quickly 7:40 making it much harder to concentrate and 7:42 potentially causing you to drift off 7:46 but not to fret we have solutions 7:48 available to us that can control our 7:51 indoor air quality 7:53 one solution called mechanical 7:55 ventilation with heat recovery can 7:57 ensure that the air is changed regularly 8:00 this means that carbon dioxide levels 8:02 can be kept down 8:03 extracting this stale air and replacing 8:06 it with fresh air from the outside 8:09 the heat recovery aspect means that this 8:11 can be done without creating drugs like 8:13 a window might do 8:16 sav systems airmaster is a great example 8:19 of this 8:21 by keeping the carbon dioxide levels 8:23 down sufficient oxygen can reach your 8:25 brain to aerobically respire and release 8:28 the energy needed to concentrate 8:30 so that you are far less likely to drift 8:32 off and allowing you to concentrate and 8:35 learn better for longer 8:38 so maybe it's time to start measuring 8:39 the co2 levels in your classroom and 8:42 seeing the difference that this makes