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James Harden's BEST 1 On 1 Highlights! ⚡️ FahadFilms 4.22K subscribers Subscribed 10 Share 143 views Apr 9, 2023 Looking to witness some of the most spectacular one-on-one plays from one of the NBA's biggest stars from the past few seasons? Look no further than James Harden's best 1-on-1 highlights! From his signature step-back jump shot to his incredible ball-handling skills, these highlights showcase why Harden is considered one of the league's top offensive players. Whether you're a die-hard basketball fan or just looking for some incredible highlights, this video is a must-watch for anyone who loves the game. Want some freelance work? Check out my website and Instagram below: www.fahadfilms.wordpress.com @fahadfilms DISCLAIMER - All clips used are property of the NBA. No copyright infringement is intended, all videos are edited to follow the "Free Use" guideline YouTube IGNORE james harden,james harden highlights,nba,basketball,philadelphia 76ers,nba highlights,nba highlights today,houston rockets,first take today,espn,first take,joel embiid,embiid,anthony davis,harden vol 7,nba mvp,chris smoove,stephen a smith,sixers,nba 2k23,joel embiid mvp,james harden 76ers,james harden mix,james harden interview,harden,76ers,warriors,lebron james,step back,kyrie irving,stephen curry,kevin durant,kyrie,lebron,rebound,curry,golden hoops,shorts,travis scott,golden state warriors,highlights,house of highlights,amazing,sports,barstool sports,jj redick,espn first take,damian lillard,kendrick perkins,shaqtin a fool,boston celtics,philadelphia,mvp,espn nba,brooklyn nets,nba on espn,james harden step back,james harden ankle breaker,james harden rockets,espn james harden,nba james harden,pat bev james harden,james harden wizards,james harden trade,james harden funny moments,stephen a smith james harden,james harden news,james harden compilation,james harden philadelphia 76ers,tyrese maxey,noticias nba,nba espn,joel embiid highlights,leandro carranza,oklahoma city thunder,first take espn,harden volume 7 NBA Greatest Plays and Moments of All Time! HD kyle_arcilla 3.67K subscribers Subscribe 15K Share 2,551,471 views May 2, 2015 Looking back at some of the most memorable plays and moments in NBA history! **Absolutely no copyright infringement is intended. All images, audio, and video clips are the sole property of their respective owners. This is for entertainment purposes only** ____________________________________________________ NBA Best Plays of All Time, NBA best moves of all time, Top 10 clutch shots of all time, NBA All Time, NBA Best Shots of All Time, NBA Mix, NBA Post, NBA Post Moves, NBA HD, NBA Mix HD, NBA Highlights HD, NBA Post Moves Highlights part 2, Hakeem Olajuwon, Hakeem Olajuwon Scoring Skills, Hakeem Olajuwon Post, Hakeem Olajuwon Post Moves, Patrick Ewing, Tim Duncan, Tim Duncan highlights, Tim Duncan HD, Tim Duncan Post Moves, Moses Malone, David Robinson, Kevin McHale, Kevin McHale post moves, Ralph Sampson, Karl Malone, Karl Malone Scoring Skills, Carmelo Anthony, Kobe Bryant, Kobe Bryant skills, Kevin Garnett, Carlos Boozer, DeMarcus Cousins, Zach Randolph, Al Jefferson, Dikembe Mutombo, Dwight Howard, Paul Millsap, Carl Landry, Yao Ming, Robert Parish. Larry Bird, Dennis Johnson, Magic Johnson, James Worthy, Kareem Adbul-Jabbar, Michael Cooper, Charles Barkley, Roy Hibbert, Marc Gasol, Pau Gasol, Marcin Gortat, LaMarcus Aldridge, LeBron James highlights, Serge Ibaka, Shaquille O'Neal, Jermine O'Neal, Penny Hardaway, Mark Jackson, Andre Miller, Hakeem Olajuwon training session, dream shake, post moves, post moves highlights, Andrew Bynum, Michael Jordan, Allen Iverson, Amare Stoudemire, Dirk Nowitzki, NBA tutorial, NBA 2k, NBA 2k14, NBA 2k10, NBA 2k15, NBA 2k15 post move tutorial, NBA Top 10, best post moves in the nba, Kwame Brown, Philadelphia 76ers, Milwaukee Bucks, Chicago Bulls, Cleveland Cavaliers, Boston Celtics, Los Angeles Clippers, Memphis Grizzlies, Atlanta Hawks, Miami Heat, Charlotte Hornets, Utah Jazz, Sacramento Kings, New York Knicks, Los Angles Lakers, Orlando Magic, Dallas Mavericks, Brooklyn Nets, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers, Detroit Pistons, New Orleans Pelicans, Toronto Raptors, Houston Rockets, San Antonio Spurs, Oklahoma City Thunder, Minnesota Timberwolves, Golden State Warriors, Washington Wizards. 902 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... TheKessi1000 TheKessi1000 4 years ago Rock the Baby Dunk. Etched in stone for the rest of time. Most beautiful thing to witness in NBA history. Swagger, style, ability, hang time, Authority. It had it all. 258 Reply 4 replies NoNoNoNoNogoogle NoNoNoNoNogoogle 4 years ago I think Dr. J's house call against the Lakers and his steal and slam on Cooper were two of the most athletically beautiful things you can see on a basketball court. 195 Reply 1 reply JUSTTRANSCEND JUSTTRANSCEND 1 year ago 9:42 is one of the greatest sports shots of all time. The triumph of victory vs the agony of defeat. Amazing visual. 29 kyle_arcilla Reply J. Clint Lewey J. Clint Lewey 2 years ago That first move by Doc is, to me, still the greatest single move/play in NBA history. I'm sure there have been better things since but for that time (and even now) it was out of this world. I've always said there were many players better than Erving but no player evolved the game quicker than he did. He was the most monolithic player ever. 17 Reply 1 reply generalbullmoose generalbullmoose 3 years ago 1:37 - STILL the best dunk I've ever seen in an NBA game. I remember ESPN was showing this for days. 27 Reply Todd Sands Todd Sands 3 years ago A very well thought of and documented video of NBA greats from all eras. Including today's. Again, well put together. 11 kyle_arcilla Reply Rashad Rashad 3 years ago Shawn Kemp dunk + the commentary + the atmosphere. The 90s looked amazing! 58 Reply 4 replies Scottie Blanton Scottie Blanton 1 year ago At 1:50, the entire arena stands up BEFORE Dr J makes the dunk in anticipation for what he would do. That’s incredible. It’s like thousands of people collectively had the same thought, “oh snap, the doctors got the ball! watch what he’s gonna do on this fast break!” 6 Reply Doubletake 123 Doubletake 123 2 years ago Dr J. Was so fluid and jumped so high and far it looks like he just HAD to travel... But he didn't... Insane... 42 Reply 4 replies philipatoz philipatoz 4 years ago To me, Dr. J is the guy who really started America's excitement over dunking. Just thinking of all those times he would take off at the foul line, reach the apex and then come down on the rim like he was landing a jet. Man, his knees must hurt him today! 3 Reply Kyle Jarvis Kyle Jarvis 3 years ago two things i love about this. 1) it's an outstanding collection of great NBA moments. 2) it barely scratches the surface. 5 Reply Guillermo Garcia Rojas Guillermo Garcia Rojas 3 years ago Momentos realmente espectaculares e inolvidables. Es bueno recordar estos inolvidables momentos. Un saludo desde Santiago de Chile!!. Reply TheZXKUQYB TheZXKUQYB 4 years ago Golden Age of the NBA early 80s to late 90s, it was fantastic. 5 Reply 1 reply Peter S Peter S 4 years ago A video montage that lives up to it's title. These were many of the greatest moments in the league in the last 30 years. There were probably more from earlier in the league that they could have shown but these are the ones I remember. What a video. Fitting to end with Michael Jordan's winning shot for his last championship. kyle_arcilla Reply Usaisgood84 Usaisgood84 3 years ago Jordans last sequence of plays as a Bull is the greatest moment! Let’s say he never came back to the wizards that would’ve been his last play Ever! And how magnificent was it! 2 Reply Jason McMillan Jason McMillan 3 years ago This was a damn good compilation. Got most of the best ones in here, not much missing. Well done. 1 Reply Geri Dobbs Geri Dobbs 3 years ago Ray Allen's 3 pointer that saved the Heat is my favorite NBA 3 shot ever. CLASSIC and GREAT feel to that whole thing. Allen's a great! 1 Reply Matt Thomas Matt Thomas 3 years ago Legend has it you can still see Patrick Ewing standing still after that Hakeem spin move. 42 Reply 1 reply Stevie Del Ray Stevie Del Ray 1 year ago With Bird's steal against Detroit, the steal was great, but Dennis Johnson's cut to the basket is what really made the play, and showed just how much of a team those Celtics were... 2 Reply Jack Cole Jack Cole 4 years ago Nobody would ever duplicate Dr J’s cradle dunk over Cooper ... Leaping ability won’t be enough ... 152 Reply 8 replies David Meza David Meza 4 years ago Dr. J's and Jordan's plays are the top two of all time because it was done in the most crucial time of a game and on the biggest possible stage. #CLUTCH 15 Reply jc23aircraftchannel jc23aircraftchannel 4 years ago 4:30 classic MJ, one of his unforgettable moves and one of my faves =) 5 Reply 1 reply Chris Papke Chris Papke 4 years ago Iverson is really underrated historically. Still the quickest player I have ever seen play 22 Reply 1 reply garrison 68 garrison 68 4 years ago Akeem had the greatest footwork of any center who ever played 3.:39 3 Reply 1 reply sotidim sotidim 3 years ago Middleton's 3p shot in the series of Bucks vs Celtics with 0.3 secs remaining, 30 feet from the basket. All time amazing shot. Reply BaldAndSkinnyGaming BaldAndSkinnyGaming 3 years ago Dr J’s dunk over Michael Cooper!!!!!! One of my all time favorite moments in NBA History. 2 Reply Baris K Baris K 4 years ago Dr.J's dunk is just poetry in motion. Great mix man, thank you for this 6 Reply 1 reply My place. My place. 1 year ago Hakeem has some moments in here that I saw live and I’m telling you there was nothing like it! And Jordan for 63 was unreal at the time Reply Damar Fadlan Damar Fadlan 1 year ago These plays from NBA 1990s are all amazing. Reply Trent Diamanti Trent Diamanti 7 years ago You know what cracks me up about that Tyreke half court buzzer beater at 12:45? One kings bench player who knew it was going in despite being less than halfway the distance to the hoop and started running onto the court and jumping around. 374 Reply 11 replies jdfagen jdfagen 4 years ago Very nice compilation and video quality. I would have also added the LJ 4 point play and Rex Chapman's 3 point playoff heave! 2 Reply Adam Walch Adam Walch 5 months ago Glad to see DeAndre Jordan's dunk here. Greatest slam in NBA history Reply Alan Foster Alan Foster 4 years ago Really nice compilation, featuring some great plays by guys who don't always get their due. Reply Scott Pool Smith Scott Pool Smith 3 years ago Awesome stuff! I miss it! Dr. J rockin' the baby was unbelievable! Horry was clutch! Fisher's .4 was so sweet! Reply PepperAnn Tocool PepperAnn Tocool 3 years ago 4:27 looked like such a blast everyone just running on the court with excitement 4 Reply 1 reply Spitshine Tommy Spitshine Tommy 5 years ago Some notable omissions: Jerry's halfcourt, shot 70 Finals. Willis Reed takes the court injured, 1970 Finals. Gar Heard's g-tying shot, 1976 Finals. Game 7 ending, 1981 ECFs McHale clotheslines Rambis, 1984 Finals LA finally beasts Boston, 1985 Finals Ralph Sampson g-winner, 1986 WCFs Isiah 25-pt 3rd quarter, 1988 Finals John Paxson g-winner, 1993 Finals Denver shocks Sonics, 1994 WCF Reggie 25-pt 4th quarter, 1994 WCF MJ double nickel, 1995 reguilar season MJ flu game, 1997 Finals Reggie 30 foot heave, 2002 EC RD1 59 Reply 12 replies Todd Sands Todd Sands 3 years ago Nice video. Those highlights verify why I'm a fan of the game of basketball. Been watching NBA basketball since the late 1970's to now. Reply Erick Blu Erick Blu 1 year ago the legends will dominate in whatever era they are in Reply Trump Fan Network Trump Fan Network 2 years ago Other than a couple of Larry Bird's buzzer beaters missing, especially one against Dallas, in 1985, this was a great compilation. Reply Tom Yoder Tom Yoder 3 years ago Interesting to see the evolution of palming and traveling becoming normal. The Bird Man did it all, with the fundamentals! 1 Reply Demont Bowden Demont Bowden 4 years ago I love all Dr. J moves. Especially at 1:44. 8 Reply 1 reply Mark Shaggy Mark Shaggy 3 years ago Akeems move on ewing at 3:00 is the best post move I’ve seen... actually when he made david Robinson look a goose was pretty amazing too. 5 Reply Mëtal hæd Mëtal hæd 2 years ago 1:01 that made me tear up a little RIP Kobe Bryant Reply NameCallingIsWeak NameCallingIsWeak 4 years ago Great video, thanks so much for making it. You only missed a few plays: 1) Wilt swatting two skyhooks from young Kareem 2) Wilt reverse dunking on young Kareem 3) Kareem making some buzzer beating skyhooks, any one will do 4) Anything from James worthy's 1988 Finals MVP performance, or from 1987 in the finals 5) some more Larry Bird passes 6) Larry Bird putting 60 on Atlanta, where the Atlanta bench freaked out 7) Steph Curry lighting it up Best video so far of all time plays, you even got "Havlicek stole the ball!!" in there Reply 1 reply Jon A. Scholt Jon A. Scholt 3 years ago How is Tayshaun's block on Reggie not on this list? That was the most pivotal play on a championship team's run Reply Martian Manhunter Martian Manhunter 3 years ago Gary’s face at 11:05 even he was impressed Reply Steve G Steve G 2 years ago You should make a second one of these, since there are so many other great moments. Heard's shot in 1976 Game 5. The Bird pass over his shoulder to Parish in 1986 Game 3 ECF. The LeBron block and the Prince block. The Larry Johnson 4-point play. Don Nelson's shot in 1969. Magic at the 92 All Star Game. LeBron's 70-foot alley-oop to Wade. Manute Bol's 4 blocks in a row. After watching all of these, I think that the greatest play in NBA history is Reggie with the 6 points in 8 seconds. Reply Linh Pham Linh Pham 7 years ago One of the best mix I've seen. Great work & Thank you!! 47 Reply 1 reply Demont Bowden Demont Bowden 4 years ago Even though it was a short season during the 1998-99. Sean Elliot of San Antonio Spurs vs Portland Trailblazers in the playoffs. I believe it was on Memorial day when it look like he step out of bound, but the back of his shoes didn't touch. Reply William K William K 1 year ago 5:16 is the best dunk I’ve ever seen. 1 Reply 1 reply jdls12 jdls12 3 years ago That Larry Bird buzzer beater was always amazing to me. Falling away. Basically behind the backboard with a man all over him. Nothing but net 1 Reply 1 reply Tin Tin Tin Tin 3 years ago Straight to the video, no intro, no music. This is the video we need Reply Nathan Nugent Nathan Nugent 3 years ago I LOVE THIS GAME 🏀 1 Reply 1000 subs without vids 1000 subs without vids 3 years ago Dr.J's layup will always be number one beautiful move. 21 Reply 3 replies Adrian Gonzales Adrian Gonzales 2 years ago 1:53 will forever be the sickest in game dunk I have ever watched, courtesy by the Doctor 1 Reply Jesper Schultz Jesper Schultz 3 years ago Speaks volumes of Jordan that the only time in his career he gets caught (the crossover from Iverson) it's immediatly a highlight. Tells you all you need to know about the best defensive point guard ever to play the game. Reply Tyler Keller Tyler Keller 4 years ago Allen "ankle breaker" Iverson, is my hands down favorite player in NBA history. 2 Reply By Grace Through Faith By Grace Through Faith 4 years ago The clutch 3 by Lillard is the most beautiful shot I've ever seen Reply 1 reply BFC TECH LLC BFC TECH LLC 2 years ago Rondo's pass (11:37 ) was very nice! Reply Boss Jay Boss Jay 4 years ago @6:16 that dunk by VC, amazing! 9 Reply Patinho Patinho 1 year ago Jordan the best. No other player in history is avoiding incoming blocks in mid air (consistently I might add). Reply Wolf “the Dentist” Stansson Wolf “the Dentist” Stansson 3 years ago This list needs more, how about the 2007 game between the Nets and Suns, when Nash hit that amazing 3 pointer?? That should definitely be on here. Reply David Cestic David Cestic 2 years ago Rest in peace KOBE BRYANT 🙏❤️ Reply Cristian Cristian 4 years ago as a spurs fans it really sucks how often we are on the receiving end of miracle comebacks Reply 1 reply Alladin EbrahiM Alladin EbrahiM 4 years ago The intensity Of the old nba basketball is far better than today.. 1 Reply motor head motor head 4 years ago Doctor j " rock the baby" dunk is simply too much for everybody else... 165 Reply 5 replies C N C N 4 years ago 4:30 Still the greatest individual play in NBA history... 1 Reply JCoopsDrums JCoopsDrums 3 years ago that T-Mac moment was one of the craziest things I've EVER seen in a game. So sick. 1 Reply jsfbr jsfbr 5 years ago Beautiful assembly! How could I not love this game? Reply Matty Sykes Matty Sykes 3 years ago I grew up in the Jordan era. But Vince Carter has to have the most hang time I have ever seen! Reply 1 reply theorangecrusher theorangecrusher 4 years ago Man, I hope people appreciate how special Jason Williams juking Gary Payton out of his shoes is. 2 Reply 1 reply Doc Dee Doc Dee 1 year ago The 80s and 90s were suffocated with legendary superstars. 7 Reply 跳舞的小星星 跳舞的小星星 4 years ago 1:42 most impressive moment I think❤️💗 2 Reply davidca96 davidca96 2 years ago finally a REAL all time video showing all the generations not just recent stuff(which isnt as good as the old stuff). Reply Sofia 33 Sofia 33 1 year ago Great mix! ❤️ 2 Reply Tyler Keller Tyler Keller 4 years ago (edited) Kobe (short of Robert "big shot bob" Horry" and is hard to say) has got to be the greatest clutch player ever. His buzzer-beater catalogue is fuckin unreal. Reply Opious Robinson Opious Robinson 2 years ago That lil clip of tmac hittin those shots against the Spurs shows why he was one of the best scorers ever Reply Carlos Sepulveda Carlos Sepulveda 3 years ago It should be included the play when John Starks dunk against Michael Jordan... that was outstanding 👍 19 Reply 3 replies MrJunktrunker MrJunktrunker 1 year ago Most of the best plays are missing because of lack of tv coverage and 90% of them involve Wilt, easily the real GOAT Reply Scott Summers Scott Summers 1 year ago That famous Dr. J dunk is still the best ever...!!! 1 Reply Luke L Luke L 3 years ago RIP Kobe Bryant 💔 1 Reply USCG BMCM retired USCG BMCM retired 4 years ago Good job on the vid! MJ alone at the top - even the games he lost/nights his shot was off, He was still Michael Jordan! BEST EVER! Reply K A K A 3 years ago Shawn Kemp.. what a beast Reply Dreamwake Dreamwake 4 years ago 4:48 is the best poster dunk of all time, idc what anyone says! 6 Reply A Love Outreach A Love Outreach 3 years ago Kevin Johnson's dunk on Hakeem Olajuwon was a great one too. Reply Jacob Lerg Jacob Lerg 4 years ago The lost art of the hook shot. Always been my favorite move. Reply Fitz Agaton Fitz Agaton 2 years ago (edited) This kobe moments are precious damn i'm in tears 1 Reply BlazeK BlazeK 2 years ago All of the NBA greatests in one video, and JR Smith. Reply Asa Aziz Asa Aziz 3 years ago You definitely should've had Jordan's flu game, and Isiah Thomas's injury when he scored 25 in a quarter on a severe ankle sprain. 2 Reply 1 reply M M M M 7 years ago This deserves more views! Great mix! 27 Reply collin collin 2 years ago The 90’s was the most hype era Reply Magicsenna Magicsenna 2 years ago 14:49 most beautiful shot I've ever seen... Reply seniorgunner seniorgunner 3 years ago Great compilation....Enjoyed it very much.... Reply JD JD 1 year ago Yep the NBA sure has a great future behind it. Reply Michael Stambulian Michael Stambulian 3 years ago This video hits different now that kobe is gone 1 Reply Stevie Del Ray Stevie Del Ray 3 years ago I remember exactly where I was when Doc cuff-dunked over Cooper; I was in the pool room of Pik-Up Bar on Ashley Street, in Jacksonville, Florida. It was like time stood still... 11 Reply Chrome and Primer Chrome and Primer 5 months ago GP going “oh damn ok” when Jason Williams shakes him is hilarious. Reply 1 reply LucidxChrist LucidxChrist 3 years ago Anyone notice A.C Greens facial expression around 1:16 when Michael did the switch hand lay up? 1 Reply Michael Eckert Michael Eckert 2 years ago Mj's celtics game was crazy. But damn Dr.J is so damn smooth in his playing Reply Scott Burns Scott Burns 2 years ago After watching this, the only thing I have to say is they really need to raise the goal by at least 2 feet🙂 Reply Michael TG Michael TG 3 years ago Robert Orry is one of the most underrated players ever. Reply 1 reply Andrea Damiani Andrea Damiani 2 years ago (edited) AT 2:24 Kareem is like "Hey that's MY shot dude!" 5 Reply inefekt inefekt 4 years ago 4:29 one of the greatest moves in basketball history, punctuated by dunking on a 7ft HOF center Reply 1 reply Ballhead 1 Ballhead 1 2 years ago Watching Hakeem in the post is just heavenly Reply Stevie Del Ray Stevie Del Ray 3 years ago Rest peacefully, Mr. Havlicek... Reply bobby moore bobby moore 4 years ago docs dunk at 1:44 is basically the first windmill dunk I ever seen Reply Wter Dre Wter Dre 4 years ago 4:29 damn he's unstoppable Reply Gerkan Sideman Gerkan Sideman 3 years ago 8:22 the best of "new era" alley oop 5 Reply Roski Chan Roski Chan 3 years ago That Kobe shot bro! That's Fucking Beautiful!! Reply Sergio Giacomo Sammartano Sergio Giacomo Sammartano 3 years ago This clip is a masterpiece! Thumb up! 1 Reply ilymalii ilymalii 3 years ago RIP Kobe 💔😔 1 Reply James Grundy James Grundy 1 year ago From Philadelphia and not anyone could do what he did. Doctor is the Best 1 Reply Freddie Stone Freddie Stone 4 years ago Truly Awesome Stuff There!🥇 1 Reply Loren Aguila Loren Aguila 3 years ago Rip our legend Kobe Bryant and his daughter.. 3 Reply ramdina pb ramdina pb 4 years ago That Jr.Smith's dunk is so underrated Reply Passava Passava 3 years ago thx a lot for this compilation. Quite impressive. Tracy McGrady---> wow!! 2 Reply 1 reply Eggo🥚🍳 Eggo🥚🍳 3 years ago Rip kobe😢😢 Reply Terence Hill Terence Hill 4 days ago Needs a major update to this to add Leonard's shot against the 76ers to make the finals 1 Reply Charles Bird Charles Bird 2 years ago I heard this a long time ago but still think it's true. If you're building a great team, build it around Jordan. But if you're building a league, pick the Doc first. Reply How to: Draw How to: Draw 5 years ago Thanks so much for making this vid it is really enjoyable to watch 11 Reply so let me be clear so let me be clear 4 years ago Hakeem did other centers so dirty 😂 1 Reply Lorenzo Di Folco Lorenzo Di Folco 1 year ago I'm a simple fan. I see Kobe, I cry. Reply 1 reply reggiewaters reggiewaters 3 years ago R.I.P Kobe Reply Light Before The Tunnel Light Before The Tunnel 2 years ago (edited) Can you imagine if this many people were this passionate about making the world a better place? Instead of which team is better at putting a ball in a hoop? Reply Ronnie Wood Instead of M T Ronnie Wood Instead of M T 3 years ago You all keep overlooking Reggie’s New York performance. Amazing Reply Soggy Soggy 3 years ago Jordan: five 3 pointers in a half. Manute bol: hold my beer. 15 Reply 3 replies Thomas Hermann Thomas Hermann 4 years ago Too bad the greatest plays of guys like Elgin Baylor, Bob Cousy and Oscar Robertson aren’t recorded on video to be included on compilations like this. Reply Hey Hey Hey Hey 1 year ago I can see little bit of Dr.J Inspiration in Kawhi And I Can See a little bit of Shaun Kemp inspiration on Russell Westbrook 💯 History.Repeats.itself! Reply 1 reply Mister YOWW Mister YOWW 1 year ago dr j and hakeem the dream 💎💎 Reply Bob Yale Bob Yale 1 year ago Dr. J's rock-the-baby slam should replace the NBA logo. So iconic. 1 Reply A W A W 3 years ago Dennis Rodman's defense and rebounds. Reply Free My Mama Free My Mama 6 years ago 2:08 I wish todays NBA would let you do that after dunking on somebody 173 Reply 13 replies Ron R Ron R 3 years ago You missed Detroit's Vinnie Johnson's NBA championship-clinching shot that made it two in a row for the Bad Boys against Portland. Reply How Austin Reaves went from UNDRAFTED to absolute DAWG for the LA LAKERS Dawg Sports 420 subscribers Subscribe 1.1K Share 128,094 views Mar 30, 2023 This video demonstrates Reaves Journey from high school all the way to the NBA and how he has become an absolute star for arguably the biggest franchise in the NBA. 154 Comments rongmaw lin Add a comment... Ozzymandias Ozzymandias 9 days ago Who ever is scouting for the lakers knows what he's doing. 140 Dawg Sports Reply 14 replies Lone Ranger Lone Ranger 9 days ago The Lakers need to make it happen for A.R. The Lakers have traded away a lot of young good talent. I hope they realize what they have in Austin Reeves. 75 Dawg Sports Reply 5 replies pinoykayaker pinoykayaker 9 days ago Very humble guy. A rarity among NBA players. 40 Reply GoodVibes GoodVibes 7 days ago I wanna see him go off in the playoffs he seems to shine brightest under pressure and if he can do it then he deserves the big bucks 12 Reply Ryan Sciortino Ryan Sciortino 7 days ago I always love seeing people who work hard and against all odds become dawgs. Let's hope Austin manages to sustain his amazing form for years to come. I always remember Jeremy Lin's dominating stretch of games. Too bad It didn't last for too long. 14 Dawg Sports Reply Tommy McElrath Tommy McElrath 7 days ago He's going to be a STAR, so don't let him go 9 Reply Si ow-ow Si ow-ow 4 days ago (edited) Freakin’ rare! Humble with class, even more rare! Hope my lakers keep him for good. 3 Reply GoDzkRoNiKz GoDzkRoNiKz 9 days ago AR-15 is the one gem we found in a terrible Lakers season. The guy can hoop 39 Dawg Sports Reply 2 replies ned247 ned247 7 days ago Lakers currently have talents to fight. As long as they have the chemistry, they can upset any team that underrated them. For Austin Reeves, as long as he stays healthy, he will stay successful. Humble spirits seem to have longevity in their endeavors, and he comes off as a humble man. 5 Reply Demosthenes Florival Demosthenes Florival 7 days ago Austin Reaves fits perfectly with the Lakers. I hope that they don't let him slip away. 4 Reply Alejandro Garza Alejandro Garza 7 days ago Interestingly enough his final year of college he played against Mac McClung and yet it was Austin Reeves that has excelled I think it was his humility and his desire to be a a team player and not make it all about him that helped him to become a better player because that's definitely what I saw with him here at Oklahoma and certainly see it with him there at the Lakers... Regardless of where he ends up next I hope he gets his reward because he has earned it. 2 Reply viktorianas viktorianas 8 days ago I am Lakers hater since 1995, but it is impossible not be fascinated by underdog success story, wish him the very best. 16 Reply 1 reply onionbreath002 onionbreath002 7 days ago It's interesting, because I just watched a video on Ben Simmons, and it's stark the differences between the two and the trajectory they've taken based on their work ethic. 4 Reply Value Pilgrim Value Pilgrim 9 days ago If Austin Reaves wants to become like Steph or Larry Bird he needs to cultivate 42%+ from 3 and that too with a quick release. 10 Dawg Sports Reply Carlos Avila Carlos Avila 4 days ago Very well done commentary,hopefully he stays healthy. Reply Crystal Londres Crystal Londres 9 days ago Reaves is magical! He's the toughest cutie I've seen! Go Lakers!!!!!!!! 4 Reply Maria Pia Caruana Maria Pia Caruana 10 days ago Another amazing video! Loving your content DAWG 💪 8 Dawg Sports Reply macraggeblues macraggeblues 4 days ago His basketball IQ is what makes him so good, he doesn't force them game and makes the right decisions. 2 Reply PastramiKing PastramiKing 9 days ago He's just getting started. I love his game 11 Dawg Sports Reply Ricardo Munoz Ricardo Munoz 8 days ago That exactly why I have his jersey 🤙…. He’s not givin as much credit as he deserves but I feel like he might be the next star of the lakers 🟨🟪 6 Reply Xtremity Xtremity 8 days ago He's the reincarnation of humble version of Larry Bird, but in the Lakers Team. 😁 6 Reply Hno_Elmer Chavarria Hno_Elmer Chavarria 8 days ago Hopefully Lakers make smart decision. They developed players for other teams, THT got 41 points the same day AR-15 got 35 points. 10 Reply 3 replies Derrell Evans Derrell Evans 9 days ago Austin Reaves will be the next Steph Curry and Austin Reaves workout with Steph Curry in the offseason 17 Dawg Sports Reply G-Que dude G-Que dude 4 days ago i feel more relaxed watching him than seeing westbrook with the ball.... Reeves connects well with Lebron and AD plays and he has also built a good playing combination with DLO.. he is good in free throws and can defend very well.. he is very good in fade aways... he is a hustlers that makes life tough for opponent, what else does a team need? i love watching him... 2 Reply S. Hendrickson S. Hendrickson 9 days ago The "Pundits" underestimated his mind and his heart. 3 Reply mreppen1 mreppen1 6 days ago He’s a natural baller. Reminds me of Pistol Pete. 3 Reply John H John H 9 days ago This is a very good video. Well done! 2 Reply Big White Big White 4 days ago (edited) What I think is amazing is that he is getting lessons from one of the smartest basketball players ever. I know a man just like Reeves from Arkansas who has a very high IQ. 1 Reply SweetLou15 SweetLou15 3 days ago I LOVE Austin Reaves! And I don't say that about many players. He has underestimated basketball skills (shooting, dribbling, passing,defense....but most importantly Tenacity and Basketball IQ). I love how he knows how to create contact with his body and get the AND ONE. I love how he doesn't back down from anyone. He's like Caruso BUT better offensively. He still needs to improve his strength and explosiveness but the Lakers need to sign him to a lengthy extension. Reply Biggie biggie biggie Biggie biggie biggie 1 day ago The dude works hard because he was freaking CATTLE FARMER! Nuff said💪 1 Reply IONKNOW IONKNOW 4 days ago I just wish I could see a Kobe breakdown of his game... Makes me so sad. 1 Reply Blu Rabbit Blu Rabbit 9 days ago Great video man. Keep it up! 3 Dawg Sports Reply Dawg Sports · 1 reply Julio Laínez Julio Laínez 9 days ago I'm disappointed that Coach K didn't get him to go to Duke! 2 Dawg Sports Reply Light23K Light23K 5 days ago whatever he makes in his next contract will be more than he ever imagined. 1 Reply Philawsofee Philawsofee 3 days ago He needs to stay healthy, after that is all improvement. Reply The 5-Star Review The 5-Star Review 6 days ago Austin Reaves is my favorite NBA player right now 1 Reply Alton Dance Alton Dance 9 days ago Great video. Great research. 👍🏾 1 Reply Shawn Davis Shawn Davis 5 days ago Don't know what nobody talking bout reaves been the shit since he got there sometimes you gotta give people a chance to really show they hidden talent keep up the good work A.R 1 Reply Taryn Hudson Taryn Hudson 2 days ago If Austin stops listening to LeBron then he can be insane Reply Kurt Cometa Kurt Cometa 7 days ago He's a strong MIP candidate 2 Reply TruExMamba24 TruExMamba24 7 days ago He's a mycareer player irl. He even declined other teams to join his favorite team. And now he's about to get his bag. Great unserdog story. It's crazy to say, but he's the 3rd/4th best Laker atm imo. 1 Reply Enchy Deon Enchy Deon 9 days ago Thank you for appreciating Austin Reaves 3 Dawg Sports Reply Cee Bee Cee Bee 9 days ago (edited) Lakers man. He can play. 4 Reply MikeDelMundo MikeDelMundo 8 days ago He’s getting paid. I hope they can hold onto him. Hard decision to be made at the end of season 2 Reply Christopher Nguyen Christopher Nguyen 6 days ago Reeves is the kuzma we never gotten. 2 Reply Shareef Blough Shareef Blough 5 days ago I think he can be a star honestly like a borderline all star type of player a Lamar Odom type of player 1 Reply BOPDawg BOPDawg 8 days ago The next Jerry West! Talk to the man himself and he’ll tell you he got his attributes. I watched “The Logo” growing up and he played the same as this kid. 2 Reply Jason Troy Jason Troy 9 days ago Pay the man! 9 Dawg Sports Reply Vic Aranda Vic Aranda 4 days ago For the Lakers...A.R very massive still very smart young guy a decision makers ..His one creator in the higher level will bring another Banners in the City of Los Angeles...as long every body are healthy...in due time 2 or 3 Banners will hang in Lakers Histories!!! Reply Aliff Ikhwan Aliff Ikhwan 9 days ago AR his smart player high IQ every single game dude i hope manager lakers not trade him for another team 4 Reply Tuggie Tuggie 4 days ago I remember his first game #lakernation 1 Reply SY CK SY CK 5 days ago So mad, we could have had Alex Caruso - Austin Reaves as a top duo 1 Reply Justin Joseph Custodio Justin Joseph Custodio 6 days ago now, he has a signature shoe!!! 1 Dawg Sports Reply Dawg Sports · 1 reply John Durrer John Durrer 9 days ago Lakers are great at identifying great role players. But awful at identifying superstars. This is the team that spent the 2017 draft constantly talking about “making sure they do their due diligence “ but didn’t even bother giving Tatum a workout…#2 pick three years in a row and no superstar to show for it 3 Reply Jeff Zahn Jeff Zahn 4 days ago 4years 50 million is bargain for this guy, he’s legit. 1 Reply Mike Texas Mike Texas 3 days ago We just don't think he has what it takes for the tough challenges of college ball Reply Bien Balajadia Bien Balajadia 7 days ago AR will most likely be an AllStar next year. 1 Reply BlackSuede BlackSuede 6 days ago His parents were both ballers don't forget that 1 Reply Tudorinc Tudorinc 9 days ago He was great in Ferris Bueller as Cameron 3 Reply Dennis Repe Dennis Repe 7 days ago 100%Def&Def&Def#Austin Reply Eliezer Bautista Eliezer Bautista 1 day ago Just watched this video and checked his stats vs the suns, he dropped 22pts and 5ast, with 69% fg. The lakers cannot make the same mistake as they did with caruso Reply ReadMyComment ReadMyComment 7 days ago So I have to disagree with your video. Based on his recent performance he can easily average 20-5-5 if hes playing starter minutes on a high FG%. Thats not a complimentary piece, its borderline allstar level. You add in his vision, passing and ability to create his own shots and hes going to be a VERY valuable player especially if he keeps improving. 2 Reply Vampire Lord Vampire Lord 9 days ago Reaves is like Luka doncic style give him credit 4 Reply Ba bu Ba bu 8 days ago 2 season- 24 millions would be level, never know if he shows surprise in playoff-then cloud be more 1 Reply jecalif dizor jecalif dizor 8 days ago See if the Lakers do always threes at the start of the game they will be a formidable team, hard to conquer. The only thing that is missing the lakers is a rim protector. They do not need a very tall defender. What they need is a strong build warrior, intelligent and who can truly defend the rim. All he has to master is only free throw. Because most of the time he will be fouled by the opposing team. If they can look for a rim defender like that. Then I could say, they are indespensable. They have good if not perfect three point shooters. They do not need anymore shooters. All they ultimately do is always harass the ball handler. Then they could be far away behind their opponents. 2 Reply Sally Jalandoni Sally Jalandoni 6 days ago So cute and clean I love him No tattoos go AR,you are the one who done the escort for team lakars 1 Reply Israel Raider Israel Raider 7 days ago Yo wasn’t reeves the one that didn’t want to get drafted to be a laker 😂 1 Reply Jerry Smith Jerry Smith 9 days ago Stop worrying AR will be re-sign by the Lakers. Stop giving playing time to Brown over Hachimora and Lonnie Walker. Austin Reaves has earned his playing time in the starting lineup. 4 Reply Religin Brand Religin Brand 4 days ago He can be an all star 1 Reply Kamil Kamil 4 days ago I am apologizing to Pelinka and forgiving him for bringing Westbrook. 1 Reply Reggie McCoy Reggie McCoy 7 days ago (edited) God and His Son Jesus Was Him To Be Able To Achieve His Goals Best Believe It's Called Being Faithfull And Hope To See Him Get His First Ring As Well So With That Being Said Thanks For Sharing Much Love and Respect 2 Reply Gus What Gus What 57 minutes ago He's good now. But I don't know what happens after he starts thinking of himself as a star. Will he still be the same or will he ruin the team chemistry. Reply S. Hendrickson S. Hendrickson 9 days ago The Lakers would be absolute Fools if they don't re-sign HBK. 1 Dawg Sports Reply OLD ACCOUNT OLD ACCOUNT 9 days ago Bro pay this guy 40-50M and lock him na here in LA. LAL management will get clown on if they let a offense smart IQ underrated Mini Kobe walk 6 Dawg Sports Reply 2 replies Nouh Mohamed Ali Nouh Mohamed Ali 18 hours ago Whoever the laker’s scouter is, he should an immediate salary raise Reply Dirk Schnapps Dirk Schnapps 5 days ago 4yrs $50m would be a bargain for a guy that runs the second unit ON ANY TEAM. And he’s lakers legit leader when the two best players who take 2/3 of the whole team salary cap aren’t playing 1 Reply Philawsofee Philawsofee 3 days ago my boy needs to come to Cleveland, I need the Lakers to f up Reply dirka dirka 7 days ago I will be absolutely pissed if they let him go! More so than i was with Caruso! The lakers should be ashamed of letting Caruso go! not even a big contract he signed with the bulls! reprehensible knowing the type of game Alex brings to the table! SMARTEN UP! 2 Reply Shotta Afrif Shotta Afrif 3 days ago I love reeves island. Over 14.5 Reply Billy G Billy G 5 days ago It's like he is slowly turning from innocent pure player to lakers bully 1 Reply socratesTV socratesTV 9 days ago Love AR15 but no hard feelings if they decide to move him. It would just be good business, they took an undrafted FA and developed him into a 50mil/2yr player so if they have a different plan to turn him into another Star that would be good too. Worst case you bring him back and I think you can be happy with that situation as well 2 Reply 2 replies Dennis Repe Dennis Repe 7 days ago 100%3Pt&3Pt&3Pt#Austin Reply Stephen Beattie Stephen Beattie 8 days ago I love this kid !! I think it's time for lebron to go , these guys play better without him . 2 Reply 1 reply Angry Hooman Angry Hooman 5 days ago For Lakers to be a championship contender they first need to dump Lebron and get a quality point guard and play him along with Reaves. Reply 2 replies King_RAM PRESENTS King_RAM PRESENTS 7 days ago 73point game?? Oh he been hoopin 1 Reply Silence Dowell II Silence Dowell II 8 days ago Nice Vid Man!!! #AR15 💪🏀✨ 1 Dawg Sports Reply W2 W2 4 days ago Well done vid! 1 Reply kim artlab kim artlab 8 days ago i have my new idol , kobe,lebron,kyrie,korver,dwade,caruso and now RV15 Reply The Sixth Sense The Sixth Sense 4 days ago I see ice in his veins. 2 Reply John Durrer John Durrer 9 days ago 0:50 if you look closely at the facial features you can see a white Mamba 2 Reply Kwatro Kantos Kwatro Kantos 2 days ago $44M for 3 years. John Stockton 2.0 Reply Lester Jordan Lester Jordan 9 days ago He got game 2 Dawg Sports Reply Bm Bm 4 days ago I like him Reply Morey Cleveland Morey Cleveland 9 days ago HE WORKS ON HIS MFing GAME AR☆15 2 Reply majam majam 4 days ago AR & caruso if stay with the lakers both can be best tandem 1 Reply G_XclusiV_Group G_XclusiV_Group 9 days ago AR15 my fav Laker player right now⚡️⚡️⚡️ 6 Dawg Sports Reply Vicente Vicente 7 days ago lol Caruso not praised for his athletic ability? 1 Reply Dennis Repe Dennis Repe 7 days ago 1003Pt&3Pt&3Pt#Austin Reply Nestor Capia Nestor Capia 4 days ago Ar is the goat.... 1 Reply Mr Tomashiro Mr Tomashiro 5 days ago Austin Powers 1 Reply Srb in Hawaii Srb in Hawaii 4 days ago modern jerry west Reply Arturo Gonzalez Arturo Gonzalez 6 days ago HBK!! 1 Reply JJ Black JJ Black 4 days ago The next Kobe ? 1 Reply Jr Abellera Jr Abellera 6 days ago Manu ginobili of lakers... 2 Reply 1 reply Marcus Smart Marcus Smart 7 days ago Lol i know the lakers have done dumb things but i know for a factttttttttt they are giving reaves whatever he wants 😂 they are not that dumb anymore Reply Rommel Jeffrey Reyes Rommel Jeffrey Reyes 8 days ago 😊😊😊😊😊 Reply James Matushin James Matushin 4 days ago O country boy showing out he is going to show out in the playoffs this year watch Reply TheMaadTitan TheMaadTitan 5 days ago AR15….Lebrons secret weapon 1 Reply Boy Kalmado Boy Kalmado 7 days ago yesssir lightskin! Reply Two Four Two Four 9 days ago Glad he went for the Mamba Mentality and not trying to be King 1 Reply Craig Craig 7 days ago (edited) SCHRUDER WILL LEAVE FOR A BIGGER CONTRACT. DLO SHOULD RESIGN. A.R. WILL BE OFFERED A 4 YR 40 MILLION DOLLAR CONTRACT KEEP BEASLEY BRING BACK CURSO Reply Tuggie Tuggie 4 days ago AR-15 Reply Bo P Bo P 3 days ago It's too bad he plays on a trash team he needs to go somewhere where he can win Reply blen quing blen quing 6 days ago Caruso is overrated. Reply Dennis Repe Dennis Repe 7 days ago 100%Def&Def&Def#Austin 1 Reply Dennis Repe Dennis Repe 7 days ago 100%3Pt&3Pt&3Pt#Austin Reply Dennis Repe Dennis Repe 7 days ago 100%3Pt&3Pt&3Pt#Austin 1 Reply

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孙过庭《书谱》

从书谱中看草书的演变 2017-10-25 由 闻是书画 發表于文化 从书谱中看草书的演变 草书兴于汉，历经魏晋的演变，发展到唐代，可谓书家辈出，名作如云，风格多变，气象万千。其间的书法研究较之前代更为细致，更为深入，更为广泛，系统的书学理论已经全面形成，如张怀鹳的《书断》、颜真卿的《述张长史笔法十二意》、孙过庭的《书谱》等。孙过庭，字虔礼，吴郡人，（据陈子昂《孙君墓志铭》说：“君讳虔礼，字过庭。”可知虔礼是本名，以字行。）生卒年月不详，《书谱》末写明“垂拱三年（公元６８７年）记”，可知其大致年代。据马国权考证，约在６３８－６８８年之间，活动在唐代初期。擅长书法和书法理论。传世有《书谱》墨迹一卷。宋薛绍彭、《秘阁续帖》、《太清楼》、明文征明、清安歧、《三希堂》均有摹刻本。惜墨迹中段在安歧刻本已有二百余字残缺。孙氏在数十年的书法实践中，认为汉晋以来论书者“多涉浮华，莫不外状其形，内迷其理。”“或重述旧章，了不殊于既往，或苟兴新说竟无益于将来。”因撰《书谱》痪恚 运笔详加阐述，因此唐宋间亦有称之为《运笔论》的。在篇首著“书谱卷上”字样，其篇末说“今撰为六篇，分成两卷，”而今存文中并不分篇卷，也未曾全力阐发写作计划中的“执、使、用、转之由，”只是概述了书法源流，评书的准则，自己写《书谱》的旨趣等，所以实际上我们今天所看到的只是《书谱》的一篇序言，确切名称应称作《书谱序》。对《书谱》的价值，除《述书赋》讥为“虔礼凡草，闾阎之风，千纸一类，一字万同”外，历来誉多毁少。尽管如此，《书谱》不仅是有见地的著名书法论著，而且通篇以草体书写，示人以法，亦是后人作为参考草体的范本，是千年传诵不辍的书学名著。《书谱》的艺术价值我认为可以表现在以下五个方面： 孙过庭《书谱》卷 纸本26.5×900.8厘米 台北故宫博物院藏 一、对书体演变以及相互关系的正确认识 孙过庭把篆、隶、今草、张草四种书体的特点概括成“篆当婉而通，隶欲精而密，草贵流而畅，章务检而变。”《书谱》还指出，各种书体之间不是截然无关的，而是相互充满着内在的联系。如：“草不兼真，殆于专谨；真不通草，殊非翰札。真以点画为形质，使转为情性；草以点画为情性，使转为形质。草乖使转，不能成字；真亏点画，犹可记文。”这说明了草书与正书的各自特征。草书的结体是依靠连续的线条来显现的，运笔的使转技能是造成草书的形质的基础，而点画的轻重、缓急又寄托了作者的情感。《书谱》还认为学习正、草的同时应当“旁通二篆，俯贯八分，包括篇章，涵泳飞白。”从其它各种书体中汲取营养。这些都是发前人所未发的高明见解。 局部 二、用笔技法的高度概括和总结 由于草书在书法艺术上所具有的特殊性，所以历来人们把它作为表达个性、抒发感情的最好字体。草书在技法上也有自己独特的原则，孙过庭在这方面提出了比较明确的意见。《书谱》指出：“今撰执、使、用、转之由，以祛未悟。执，谓深浅长短之类是也；使，谓纵横牵掣之类是也；转，谓钩缳盘纡之类是也；用，谓点画向背之类是也。”所谓执是指执笔，有执的深浅长短之分；使是指运笔，有左右提按几种；转是指运笔中的萦纡回绕，转折呼应；用是指用点画来结字，有向背相让的区别。结合草书写法的一些实际体验，我认为可以理解“纵横牵掣”是在纵横的笔画运动中，前一笔的收连带着下一笔的起，这样形成的上下勾连，左右牵引的状态。“钩缳盘纡”可理解为行笔的转折回旋，环绕呼应。草书在行笔过程中确实表现出这些不同于篆、隶、楷的特点。萧衍形容草书转折回旋的笔画时说：“疾若惊蛇之失道，迟若绿水之徘徊”，“似葡萄之蔓延，女萝之繁萦，浑汉之相绞，山熊之对争”，“婆娑而飞舞凤，宛转而起蟠龙”。孙过庭说这种使转的笔法是草书的形质。我们知道形和质是构成事物的基础，没有形和质就无从表现事物的存在。所以他又说：“草乖使转，不能成字”。点画是草书的性情，性情是精神状态。事物的精神是依附于事物的形质的。也就是草书的点画是依附于使转，使转灵活，点画即因其动能而得势，字体的精神面貌即为之振奋。这是草书成功的重要因素。由此看来这四个字是对草书基本原理和用笔技法的精辟概括和总结，堪称用笔之法，千古不移。 三、书法的艺术辩证法 《书谱》指出：“至于初学分布，但求平正，既知平正，务追险绝，既能险绝，复归平正。初谓未及，中则过之，后乃通会。通会之际，人书俱老。”这是孙过庭学书的亲身经历，这里道出了从平到险又到平的学习三阶段，体现了继承与创新的辩证统一。写字从临摹入手而形成自己的风格，即达到“恨二王无臣法”的境界，必须有这样一个过程。首先是老老实实地临摹前人的优秀作品，学到和参透前人的笔法，即所谓“平正”，然后大胆创新，去探索一条前人未走过的路，即所谓“险绝”，终于把前人的成果和自己的心得融会贯通起来。而成熟的建立自己的法度，础案垂槠秸保这样的“复归平正”就不是初学时的“平正”，而是有所发展，有所提高，即习惯所说的“螺旋式上升”。这对临摹功夫不到家而奢谈创新者，无疑是诚恳的忠告。再如“违而不犯，和而不同”八个字，道出了和谐与变化，法则与创新的关系。又如“凛之以风神，温之以妍润，鼓之以枯劲，椭韵醒拧１主张书法作品要有“凛”、“温”、“鼓”、“和”，达到刚柔并济，枯润相兼的效果。凡此种种，都充满了可贵的艺术辩证法思想。 四、继承基础上的创新 古往今来，所有有成就的书家，都是从继承前人的成就“入门”、“立基”，而后有所发现，有所前进，有所创新的。书法艺术同其他艺术如演唱、戏剧、绘画等等一样，都强调“师承”，但“师承”并非“泥古”，而是从前贤中学有所本。孙过庭自述“余志学之年，留心翰墨，味钟、张之余烈，挹羲、献之前规”。这里讲出了他取法二王及钟、张的来龙去脉。而《书谱》墨迹所体现的高古旷达，专精娴熟，笔法俊逸，姿态潇洒，表明他宗法二王，造诣很深。我在临写《十七帖》中看到，《书谱》布局一如《十七帖》，多数单字不相牵连，其使转纵横，莫不合于法度，翰逸神飞，无不敛入规矩，更知孙是学二王之善者。同时，从《书谱》书法艺术及其书论可知，孙过庭不止深入二王堂奥，更得汉魏神髓，加上他的天资、博采，可以说他实现了新的突破。如笔法上的作字落脚“差近前而直” 米芾书史》云：“此乃过庭法，凡世称右军书有此等字皆孙笔也”。又如“察之者尚精，拟之者贵似”，“心不厌精，手不忘熟”，“五乖五合”，关于书法美学，书家的气质修养诸论述，都是孙过庭在继承传统基础上的新贡献。总观孙过庭《书谱》所体现的，正是继承与创新的辩证统一，他的创新是以继承为基础的。他善宗二王，但又不是原来的二王，而是新的孙过庭了。 五、对王羲之书法艺术的基本评价 《书谱》第一段是对魏晋书法，特别是对二王父子的评论。南朝宋虞和《论书表》曰：“古质而今妍，数之常也。爱妍而薄质，人之情也。钟、张方之二王，可谓古矣，岂得无妍质之殊？且二王暮年皆胜于少，父子之间又有今古。泳辞钇涿铄其宜焉。”陶景弘《论书启》亦曰：“比世皆尚子敬书，元常继以齐代，名实脱落，海内非唯不复知元常，于逸少亦然。”可见在距离二王不远的南北朝时期，献之书艺之声望远远超过了他的父亲。按王羲之在晚年受其子献之影响而变法，然其古质难移。献之则承乃父演变为妍媚丰腴的俗书“趁姿媚”，尽管受到保守派如谢安等人的轻视，终为广大社会所欣赏。至唐初则渐渐的形成了“抑献扬羲”的风气，人们反过头来推崇王羲之早年未变的书体。唐太宗李世民更是极力贬低献之而张扬羲之，竟至于拿千古名迹《兰亭序》殉葬。孙过庭秉承了这种时代精神。《书谱》说：“逸少之比钟、张，则专博斯别；子敬之不及逸少，无或疑焉。”当然，王羲之在书法史上的辉煌成就是客观存在的，不然，雄强如李世民辈也是“张扬”不起来的。 书法作为一种特殊的空间艺术，由书家从前代遗迹和自然形象中摄取养分，融会消化，运用于笔底毫端，表现于字里行间、纸帛之上。对此，欣赏者通过视觉产生美感和联想，从而获得精神上的享受。所以，历来书论中都不免牵强附会，用许多自然现象来形容书体和笔势，早如崔瑗、索靖的《草书势》，六朝人伪托的《笔阵图》、《笔势论》，萧衍的《草书状》，袁昂的《书评》，庾肩吾的《书品》，以及以后的《八诀》等等，都有此类文字。《书谱》不能免俗，且有过之。孙过庭批评别人的“至于诸家势评，多涉浮华，莫不外状其形，内迷其理”这些话，同样适用于他自己。当然，这是瑕不掩玉的。 夫自古之善书者，汉魏有钟张之绝，晋末称二王之妙。王羲之云：“顷寻诸名书，钟张信为绝伦，其徐不足观。”可谓钟张云没，而羲献继之。又云：“吾书比之钟张，钟当抗行，或谓过之。张草犹当雁行。然张精熟，池水尽墨，假令寡人耽之若此，未必谢之。”此乃推张迈钟之意也。考其专擅，虽未果于前规；摭（zhi）以兼通，故无惭于即事。 [今译]：关于古代以来，善长书法的人，在汉、魏时期，有钟繇（you）和张芝的卓绝书艺，在晋代末期是王羲之和王献之的墨品精妙。王羲之说：“我近来研究各位名家的书法，钟繇、张芝确实超群绝伦，其余的不值得观赏。”可以说，钟繇和张芝死后，王羲之、王献之继承了他们。王羲之又说：“我的书法与钟繇、张芝相比，与钟繇是不相上下，或者略超过他。对张芝的草书，可与他前后相列；因为张芝精研熟练，临池学书，把池水都能染黑了，如果我也像他那样下功夫刻苦专习，未必赶不过他。”这是推举张芝、自认超越钟繇的意思。考察王羲之父子书法的专精擅长，虽然还未完全实现前人法规，但能博采兼通各种书体，也是无愧于书法这项事业的。 评者云：“彼之四贤，古今特绝；而今不逮古，古质而今研。”夫质以代兴，妍因俗易。虽书契之作，适以记言；而淳醨一迁，质文三变，驰鹜沿革，物理常然。贵能古不乖时，今不同弊，所谓“文质彬彬。然后君子。”何必易雕宫于穴处，反玉辂于椎轮者乎！又云：“子敬之不及逸少，犹逸少之不及钟张。”意者以为评得其纲纪，而未详其始卒也。且元常专工于隶书，伯英尤精于草体，彼之二美，而逸少兼之。拟草则馀真，比真则长草，虽专工小劣，而博涉多优；总其终始，匪无乖互。 [今译]：书法评论者说：“这四位才华出众的书法大师，可称得上古今独绝。但是今人（二王）还不及古人（钟、张），古人的书法风尚质朴，今人的书法格调妍媚。”然而，质朴风尚因循时代发展而兴起，妍媚格调也随世俗变化在更易。虽然文字的创造，最初只是为了记录语言，可是随着时代发展，书风也会不断迁移，由醇厚变为淡薄，由质朴变为华丽；继承前者并有所创新，是一切事物发展的常规。书法最可贵的，在于既能继承历代传统，又不背离时代潮流；既能追求当今风尚，又不混同他人的弊俗。所谓“文采与质朴相结合，才是清雅的风度”。何必闲置着华美的宫室去住古人的洞穴，弃舍精致的宝辇而乘坐原始的牛车呢？评论者又说：“献之的书法之所以不如羲之，就像羲之的不如钟繇、张芝一样。”我认为这已评论到问题的要处，但还未能详尽说出它的始末原由。钟繇专工楷书，张芝精通草体，这两人的擅长，王羲之兼而有之。比较张芝的草体王还擅于楷书，对照钟繇的楷书王又长于草体；虽然专精一体的功夫稍差，但是王羲之能广泛涉猎、博采众优。总的看来，彼此是各有短长的。 谢安索善尺牍，而轻子敬之书。子敬尝作佳书与之，谓必存录，安辄题后答之，甚以为恨。安尝问敬：“卿书何如右军？”答云：“故当胜。”安云：“物论殊不尔。”于敬又答：“时人那得知！”敬虽权以此辞折安所鉴，自称胜父，不亦过乎！且立身扬名，事资尊显，胜母之里，曾参不入。以于敬之豪翰，绍右军之笔札，虽复粗传楷则，实恐未克箕裘。况乃假託神仙，耻崇家范，以斯成学，孰愈面墙！后羲之往都，临行题壁。子敬密拭除之，辄书易其处，私为不恶。羲之还，见乃叹曰：“吾去时真大醉也！”敬乃内惭。是知逸少之比钟张，则专博斯别；子敬之不及逸少，无或疑焉。 [今译]：谢安素来善写尺牍书，而轻视王献之的书法。献之曾经精心写了一幅字赠给谢安，不料被对方加上评语退了回来，献之对此事甚为怨恨。后来二人见面，谢安问献之：“你感觉你的字比你父亲的如何？”答道：“当然超过他。”谢安又说：“旁人的评论可不是这样啊。”献之答道：“一般人哪里懂得！”王献之虽然用这种话应付过去，但自称胜过他的父亲，这说的不是太过分了吗！况且一个人立身创业，扬名于世，应该让父母同时得到荣誉，才是一种孝道。（这里引用《孝经》一个故事）曾参见到一条称“胜母”的巷子，认为不合人情拒绝进去。人们知道，献之的笔法是继承羲之的，虽然粗略学到一些规则，其实并未把他父亲的成就全学到手。何况假托是神仙授书，耻于推崇家教，带着这种思想意识学习书艺，与面墙而观有什么区别呢！ 有次王羲之去京都，临行前曾在墙上题字。走后献之悄悄擦掉，题上自己的字，认为写得不错。待羲之回家来，见到后叹息道：“我临走时真是喝得大醉了。”献之这才内心感到很惭愧。由此可知，王羲之的书法与钟繇、张芝相比，只有专工和博涉的区别；而王献之根本比不上王羲之．则是毫无疑问的了。 余志学之年，留心翰墨，昧钟张之馀烈，挹羲献之前规，极虑专精，时逾二纪。有乖入木之术，无间临池之志。观夫悬针垂露之异，奔雷坠石之奇，鸿飞兽骇之资，鸾舞蛇惊之态，绝岸颓峰之势，临危据槁之形；或重若崩云，或轻如蝉翼；导之则泉注，顿之则山安；纤纤乎似初月之出天涯，落落乎犹众星之列河汉；同自然之妙，有非力运之能成；信可谓智巧兼优，心手双畅，翰不虚动，下必有由。一画之间，变起伏于锋杪；一点之内，殊衄挫于毫芒。况云积其点画，乃成其字；曾不傍窥尺犊，俯习寸阴；引班超以为辞，援项籍而自满；任笔为体，聚墨成形；心昏拟效之方，手迷挥运之理，求其妍妙，不亦谬哉！ [今译]：我少年读书时，就留心学书法，体会钟繇和张芝的作品神采，仿效羲之与献之的书写规范，又竭力思考专工精深的诀窍，转瞬过去二十多年，虽然缺乏入木三分的功力，但从未间断临池学书的志向。观察笔法中，悬计垂露似的变异，奔雷坠石般的雄奇，鸿飞兽散间的殊姿，写舞蛇惊时的体态，断崖险峰状的气势，临危据枯中的情景；有的重得像层云崩飞，有的轻得若金蝉薄翼；笔势导来如同泉水流注，顿笔直下类似山岳稳重；纤细的像新月升上天涯，疏落的若群星布列银河；精湛的书法好比大自然形成的神奇壮观，似乎进入决非人力所能成就的妙有境界。的确称得上智慧与技巧的完美结合，使心手和谐双畅；笔墨不作虚动，薄纸必有章法。在一画之中，令笔锋起伏变化；在一点之内，使毫芒顿折回旋。须知，练成优美点画，方能把字写好。如果不去专心观察字帖，刻抓紧埋头苦练；只是空论班超写的如何．对比项羽自己居然不差。放任信笔为体，随意聚墨成形；心里根本不懂摹效方法，手腕也未掌握运笔规律，还妄想写得十分美妙，岂不是极为荒谬的吗! 然君子立身，务修其本。杨雄谓：“诗赋小道，壮夫不为。”况复溺思毫厘，沦精翰墨者也！夫潜神对奕，犹标坐隐之名；乐志垂纶，尚体行藏之趣。詎若功定礼乐，妙拟神仙，犹埏埴之罔穷，与工炉而并运。好异尚奇之士；玩体势之多方；穷微测妙之夫，得推移之奥赜。著述者假其糟粕，藻鉴者挹其菁华，固义理之会归，信贤达之兼善者矣。存精寓赏，岂徒然与？ [今译]：然而君子立身，务必致力于根本的修养。扬雄则说诗赋乃为“小道”，胸有壮志的人不会只搞这一行，何况专心思考用笔，把主要精力埋没在书法中呢！对全神贯注下棋的，可标榜为一“坐隐”的美名；逍造自在垂钓者，能体会“行藏”的情趣。而这些又怎比得上书法能起宣扬礼乐的功用，并具有神仙般的妙术，如同陶工揉和瓷土塑造器皿一般变化无穷，又像工匠操作熔炉铸锻机具那样大显技艺！酷好崇异尚奇的人，能够欣赏玩味字书体态和意韵气势的多种变化；善于精研探求的人，可以从中得到潜移转换与推陈出新的幽深奥秘。撰写书论文章的人，往往择取接受前人的糟粕；真正精于鉴赏的人，方能得到内涵的精华。经义与哲理本可溶为一体，贤德和通达自然可以兼善。汲取书艺精华借以寄托赏识情致，难道能说是徒劳的吗？ 而东晋士人，互相陶淬。室于王谢之族，郗庾之伦，纵不尽其神奇，咸亦挹其风味。去之滋永，斯道愈微。方复闻疑称疑，得末行末，古今阻绝，无所质问；设有所会，缄秘已深；遂令学者茫然，莫知领要，徒见成功之美，不悟所致之由。或乃就分布于累年，向规矩而犹远，图真不悟，习草将迷。假令薄能草书，粗传隶法，则好溺偏固，自阂通规。詎知心手会归，若同源而异派；转用之术，犹共树而分条者乎？加以趁变适时，行书为要；题勒方幅，真乃居先。草不兼真，殆于专谨；真不通草，殊非翰札，真以点画为形质，使转为情性；草以点画为情性，使转为形质。草乖使转，不能成字；真亏点画，犹可记文。回互虽殊，大体相涉。故亦傍通二篆，俯贯八分，包括篇章，涵泳飞自。若毫厘不察，则胡越殊风者焉。 [今译]：东晋的文人，均互相熏陶影响。至于王、谢大族，郄、庾流派，其书法水平没有尽达神奇的地步，可也具有一定的韵致和风采。然而距离晋代越远，书法艺术就愈加衰微了。后代人听到书论，明知有疑也盲目称颂，即使得到一些皮毛亦去实践效行；由于古今隔绝，反正难作质询；某些人虽有所领悟，又往往守口忌谈，致使学书者茫然无从．不得要领，只见他人成功取美，却不明白收效的原因。有人为掌握结构分布费时多年，但距离法规仍是甚远。临摹楷书难悟其理，练习草体迷惑不测。即便能够浅薄了解草书笔法，和粗略懂得楷书法则，又往往陷于偏陋，背离法规。哪里知道，心手相通犹如同一源泉形成的各脉支流；对转折的技法，就像一颗树上分生出若干枝条。谈到应变时用，行书最为要着；对于题榜镌石，楷书当属首选。写草书不兼有楷法，容易失去规范法度；写楷书不旁通草意，那就难以称为佳品。楷书以点画组成形体，靠使转表现情感；草书用点画显露性灵，靠使转构成形体。草书用不好使转笔法，便写不成样子；楷书如欠缺点画工夫，仍可记述文辞。两种书体形态彼此不同，但其规则却是大致相通。所以，学书法还要旁通大篆、小篆，融贯汉隶，参酌章草，吸取飞白。对于这些，如果一点也不清楚，那就像北胡与南越的风俗大不相同而属于两码事的性质了。 至如钟繇隶奇，张芝草圣，此乃专精一体，以致绝伦。伯英不真，而点画狼藉；元常不草，使转纵横。自兹己降，不能兼善者，有所不逮，非专精也。虽篆隶草章，工用多变，济成厥美，各有攸宜。篆尚婉而通，隶欲精而密，草贵流而畅，章务检而便。然后凛之以风神，温之以妍润，鼓之以枯劲，和之以闲雅。故可达其情性，形其哀乐，验燥湿之殊节，千古依然；体老壮之异时，百龄俄顷，磋呼，不入其门，讵窥其奥者也！ [今译]：至于钟繇的楷书堪称奇妙，张芝的草体荣膺草圣，都是由于专精一门书体，才达到无与伦比的境地。张芝并不擅写楷书，但他的草体具有楷书点画明晰的特点；钟繇虽不以草见长，但他的楷书却有草书笔调奔放的气势。自此以后，不能兼善楷草二体的人，书法作品便达不到他们的水平，也就不能算作是真正的专精了。由于篆书、隶书、今草和章草，工巧作用各自多有变化，所以表现出的美妙也就各有特点：篆书崇尚委婉圆通，隶书须要精巧严密，今草贵在畅达奔放，章草务求简约便捷。然后以严谨的风神使其凛峻，以妍媚的姿致使其温润，以枯涩的笔调使其劲健，以安闲的态势使其和雅。这就在一定程度上，表达书者的情性，抒发着喜怒哀乐。察验用笔浓淡轻重的不同风格，从古到今都是一样的；从少壮到老年不断变化的书法意境，一生中随时可以表露出来。是啊！不入书法门径，怎能深解其中的奥妙呢？ 又一时而书，有乖有合，合则流媚，乖则雕疏，略言其由，各有其五：神怡务闲，一合也；感惠徇知，二合也；时和气润，三合也；纸墨相发，四合也；偶然欲书，五合也。心遽体留，一乖也；意违势屈，二乖也；风燥日炎，三乖也；纸墨不称，四乖也；情怠手阑，五乖也。乖合之际，优劣互差。得时不如得器，得器不如得志，若五乖同萃，思遏手蒙；五合交臻，神融笔畅。畅无不适，蒙无所从。当仁者得意忘言，罕陈其要；企学者希风叙妙，虽述犹疏。徒立其工，未敷厥旨。不揆庸昧，辄效所明；庶欲弘既往之风规，导将来之器识，除繁去滥，睹迹明心者焉。 [今译]：书家在同一个时期作书，有合与不合，也就是得势不得势、顺手不顺手的区别，这与本人当时的心情思绪、气候环境颇有关系。合则流畅隽秀，不合则凋零流落，简略说其缘由，各有五种情况：精神愉悦、事务闲静为一合；感人恩惠、酬答知己为二合；时令温和、气候宜人为三合；纸墨俱佳、相互映发为四合；偶然兴烈、灵动欲书为五合。与此相反，神不守舍、杂务缠身为一不合；违反己愿、迫于情势为二不合；烈日燥风、炎热气闷为三不合；纸墨粗糙、器不称手为四不合；神情疲惫、臂腕乏力为五不合。合与不合，书法表现优劣差别很大。天时适宜不如工具应手，得到好的工具不如舒畅的心情。如果五种不合同时聚拢，就会思路闭塞，运笔无度；如果五合一齐俱备，则能神情交融，笔调畅达。流畅时无所不适，滞留时茫然无从。有书法功底的人，常常是得其意而忘言，不愿对人讲授要领，企求学书者又每每慕名前来询其奥妙，虽能悟到一些，但多疏陋。空费精力，难中要旨。因此，我不居守个人平庸昧见，将所知的全盘贡献出来，望能光大既往的风范规则，开导后学者的知识才能，除去繁冗杂滥，使人见到论述即可心领神会了。 代有《笔阵图》七行，中画执笔三手，图貌乖舛，点画湮讹。顷见南北流传，疑是右军所制。虽则未详真伪，尚可发启童蒙。既常俗所存，不藉编录。至于诸家势评，多涉浮华，莫不外状其形，内迷其理，今之所撰，亦无取焉。若乃师宜官之高名，徒彰史牒；邯郸淳之令范，空著缣缃。暨乎崔、杜以来，萧、羊已往，代祀绵远，名氏滋繁。或藉甚不渝，人亡业显；或凭附增价，身谢道衰。加以糜蠢不传，搜秘将尽，偶逢缄赏，时亦罕窥，优劣纷纭，殆难覼缕。其有显闻当代，遗迹见存，无俟抑扬，自标先后。 [今译]：世上流传的《笔阵图》七行，中间画有三种执笔的手势，图象拙劣 文字谬误。近来见在南北各地流传，推测为王羲之所作。虽然未能辨其真伪，但还可以启发初学儿童。既然为一般人收存，也就不必编录。至于以往诸家的论著，大多是华而不实，莫不从表面上描绘形态，阐述不出内涵的真理。而今我的撰述，不取这种作法。至于像师谊官虽有很高名望，但因形迹不存，只是虚载史册；邯郸淳也为一代典范，仅仅在书卷上空留其名。及至崔瑗、杜度以来，萧子云、羊欣之前，这段漫长年代，书法名家陆续增多。其中有的人，当时就负盛名，人死后书作流传下来，声望愈加荣耀；也有的人，生前凭借显赫地位被人捧高身价，死了之后，墨迹与名气也就衰落了。还有某些作品糜烂虫蛀，毁坏失传，剩下的亦被搜购秘藏将尽。偶然欣逢鉴赏时机，也只是一览而过，加之优劣混杂，难得有条不紊的鉴别。其中有的早就扬名当时，遗迹至今存在，无须高人褒贬评论，自然会分辨出优劣的了。 且六文之作，肇自轩辕；八体之兴，始于嬴政。其来尚矣，厥用斯弘。但今古不同，妍质悬隔，既非所习，又亦略诸。复有龙蛇云露之流，龟鹤花英之类，乍图真于率尔，或写瑞于当年，巧涉丹青，工亏翰墨，异夫楷式，非所详焉。代传羲之与子敬笔势论十章，文鄙理疏，意乖言拙，详其旨趣，殊非右军。且右军位重才高，调清词雅，声尘未泯，翰牍仍存。观夫致一书，陈一事，造次之际，稽古斯在；岂有贻谋令嗣，道叶义方，章则顿亏，一至于此！又云与张伯英同学，斯乃更彰虚诞。若指汉末伯英，时代全不相接；必有晋人同号，史传何其寂寥！非训非经，宜从弃择。 [今译]：关于“六书”的始作、可以上溯到轩辕时代；“八体”的兴起，自然源于秦代嬴政。由来已很久远，历史上运用广泛，已起过重大作用。因为古今时代不同，质朴的古文和妍美的今体相差悬殊，且已不再沿用，也就略去不说。还有依据龙、蛇、云、露和龟、鹤、花、草等类物状创出来的字体，只是简单描摹物象形态，或写当时的“祥瑞”，虽然笔画巧妙，但缺作书技能、又非书法规范，也就不详细论述了。社会流传的王羲之《与子敬笔势论》十章，文辞鄙陋，论理粗疏；立意乖戾，语言拙劣，详察它的旨趣，绝非王羲之的作品。且羲之德高望重，才气横溢，文章格调清新，词藻优雅，声誉依然高尚，翰牍仍存于世。看他写一封信，谈一件事，即使仓促之时，还是注重古训。岂会在传授家教于子孙时，在指导书法规范的文章中，竟然顿失章法，一至如此地步！又说，他与张芝是同学，这就更加荒诞无稽了。若指的是东汉末期的张芝，时代完全不符；那必定另有同名的东晋人，可史传上为何毫无记载。此书既非书法规范，又非经典著作，应当予以抛弃。 夫心之所达，不易尽于名言；言之所通，尚难形于纸墨。粗可仿佛其状，纲纪其辞。冀酌希夷，取会佳境。阙而末逮，请俟将来。今撰执使转用之由，以祛未悟。执谓深浅长短之类是也；使谓纵横牵掣之类是也；转谓钩环盘纡之类是也；用谓点画向背之类是也。方复会其数法，归于一途；编列众工，错综群妙，举前人之未及，启后学于成规；窥其根源，析其枝派。贵使文约理赡，迹显心通；披卷可明，下笔无滞。诡辞异说，非所详焉。 [今译]：关于心里所理解的，难于用语言表达出来；能够用语言叙说的，又不易用笔墨写到纸上。只能粗略地书其形状，陈述大致纪要。希能斟酌其中的微妙，求得领悟佳美的境界。至于未能详尽之处，只好有待将来补充了。现在叙说执、使、转、用的道理与作用，可让不了解书法的人能够领悟：执，是说指腕执笔有深浅长短一类的不同；使，是讲使锋运笔有纵横展缩一类的区别；转，是指把握使转有曲折回环一类的笔势；用，就是点画有揖让向背一类的规则。将以上各法融会贯通，复合一途；编排罗列众家特长；交错综合诸派精妙，指出前列名家不足之处，启发后学掌握正确法规；深刻探索根源，分析所属流派。尽求做到文辞简练，论理恰当，条例分明，浅显易懂；阅后即可明瞭把握，下笔顺畅无所淤滞。至于那些奇谈怪论，诡词异说，就不是本篇所要说的了。然而现在要承述的，力求对后学者有所裨益。 然今之所陈，务稗学者。但右军之书，代多称习，良可据为宗匠，取立指归。岂惟会古通今，亦乃情深调合。致使摹蹋日广，研习岁滋，先后著名，多从散落；历代孤绍，非其效与？试言其由，略陈数意：止如《乐毅论》、《黄庭经》、《东方朔画赞》、《太史箴》、《兰亭集序》、《告誓文》，斯并代俗所传，真行绝致者也。写《乐毅》则情多佛郁；书《画赞》则意涉瑰奇；《黄庭经》则怡怿虚无；《太史箴》又纵横争折；暨乎《兰亭》兴集，思逸神超，私门诫誓，情拘志惨。所谓涉乐方笑，言哀已叹。岂惟驻想流波，将贻啴嗳之奏；驰神睢涣，方思藻绘之文。虽其目击道存，尚或心迷议舛。莫不强名为体，共习分区。岂知情动形言，取会风骚之意；阳舒阴惨，本乎天地之心。既失其情，理乖其实，原夫所致，安有体哉！ [今译]：在以往书法家中，王羲之的书迹为各代人所赞誉学习，可作为效法的宗师，从中获得造就书法的方向。王羲之书法不仅通古会今，而且情趣深切，笔意和谐。以致摹拓的人一天比一天多，研习的人一年比一年多；王羲之前后的名家手迹，大都散落遗失，只有他的代代流传下来，这难道不是明证吗？试谈其中缘由，简要地叙说几点。仅以《乐毅论》《黄庭经》《东方朔画赞》《太师箴》《兰亭集序》《告誓文》等帖，均为世俗所传，是楷书和行书的最佳范本。写《乐毅论》时心情不舒畅，多有忧郁；写《东方朔画赞》时意境瑰丽，想象离奇；写《黄庭经》时精神愉悦，若入虚境；写《太师箴》时感念激荡，世情曲折；说到兰亭兴会作序时，则是胸怀奔放，情趣飘然；立誓不再出山做官，可又内心深沉，意志戚惨。正是所谓庆幸欢乐时笑声溢于言表，倾诉哀伤时叹息发自胸臆。岂非志在流波之时，始能奏起和缓的乐章；神情驰骋之际，才会思索华翰的词藻。虽然眼见即可悟出道理，内心迷乱难免议论有误。因此无不勉强分体定名，区分优劣供人临习。岂知情趣有感于激动，必然通过语言表露，抒发出与《诗经》《楚辞》同样的旨趣；阳光明媚时会觉得心怀舒畅，阴云惨暗时就感到情绪郁闷。这些部是缘于大自然的时序变化。那种违心作法，既背离书家的意愿，也与实情不相符合。从书法原本来说，哪有什么体裁呢！ 夫运用之方，虽由己出，规模所设，信属目前，差之一豪，失之千里，苟知其术，适可兼通。心不厌精，手不忘熟。若运用尽于精熟，规矩谙于胸襟，自然容与徘徊，意先笔后，潇洒流落，翰逸神飞，亦犹弘羊之心，预乎无际；庖丁之目，不见全牛。尝有好事，就吾求习，吾乃粗举纲要，随而授之，无不心悟手从，言忘意得，纵未穷于众术，断可极于所诣矣。 [今译]：对运笔的方法，虽然在于自己掌握，但是整个规模布局，确属眼前的安排要务。关键一笔仅差一毫，艺术效果就可能相去千里。如果懂得其中诀窍，便可以诸法相通了。用心不厌其精，动手不忘其熟。倘若运笔达到精熟程度，规矩便能藏解胸中，自然可以纵横自如，意先笔后，潇洒流落，笔势飘逸神飞了。像桑弘羊理财（精明干练，计划周到），心思筹措在于各方；又似庖丁宰牛（熟知骨骼，用刀利索），眼里也就没有牛了。曾有爱好书法者，向我求学，便简明举出行笔结体的要领，教授他们实用技法，因此无不心领神会，默然得到旨意了。即使还不能完全领略各家所长，但也可以达到所探索的最深造诣了。 若思通楷则，少不如老；学成规矩，老不如少。思则老而愈妙，学乃少而可勉。勉之不已，抑有三时；时然一变，极其分矣。至如初学分布，但求平正；既知平正，务追险绝，既能险绝，复归平正。初谓未及，中则过之，后乃通会，通会之际，人书俱老。仲尼云：“五十知命”、“七十从心。”故以达夷险之情，体权变之道，亦犹谋而后动，动不失宜；时然后言，言必中理矣。 [今译]：说到深入思考，领悟基本法则，青少年不如老年人；要是从头开始，学好一般规矩，老年人不如青少年。研究探索，年纪越大越能得其精妙；而临习苦学，年纪念轻愈有条件进取。勉励进取不止，须经三个时期；每个时期都会产生重要的变化，最后使书艺达到极高境地。例如初学分行布局时，主要求得字体平稳方正；既然掌握了平正的法则，重点就要力追形势的险绝；如果熟练了险绝的笔法，又须重新讲求平侧欹正的规律。初期可说还未达到平正，中期则会险绝过头，后期才能真正实现平正，书法艺术臻于老成阶段，那么人也进入老年时期。孔子说：人到五十岁才能懂得天命，到了七十岁始可随心所欲。因此只有老年方能掌握平正与险绝的情势，体会出变化的道理。所以，凡事考虑周全后再行动，才不会失当；掌握好时机再说话，才能切中实理。 是以右军之书，末年多妙，当缘思虑通审，志气和平，不激不历，而风规自远。子敬已下，莫不鼓努为力，标置成体，岂独工用不侔，亦乃神情悬隔者也。或有鄙其所作，或乃矜其所运。自矜者将穷性域，绝于诱进之途；自鄙者尚屈情涯，必有可通之理。磋乎，盖有学而不能，未有不学而能者也。考之即事，断可明焉。 [今译]：王羲之的精妙书法大多出自晚年，因这时思虑通达审慎，志气和雅平静，不偏激不凌厉，因而风范深远。自献之以后，莫不功力不足而鼓劲作势，为标新立异，另摆布成体，非但工用比不上前人，就是神采情趣也相差悬殊。有人轻视自己的墨品，有人夸耀自己的书作。喜欢自夸的人将因缺乏继续勤奋精神而断绝进取之路，认为自己不行的人总想勉励向前，定可达到成功的目标。确实这样啊，只有学而未果，哪有不学就会成功的。观察一下现实情况，即可明白这个道理。 然消息多方，性情不一，乍刚柔以合体，忽劳逸而分驱。或恬憺雍容，内涵筋骨；或折挫槎枿，外曜锋芒。察之者尚精，拟之者贵似。况拟不能似，察不能精，分布犹疏，形骸未捡；跃泉之态，未睹其妍，窥井之谈，已闻其丑。纵欲唐突羲献，诬罔钟张，安能掩当年之目，杜将来之口！慕习之辈，尤宜慎诸。至有未悟淹留，偏追劲疾；不能迅速，翻效迟重。夫劲速者，超逸之机，迟留者，赏会之致。将反其速，行臻会美之方；专溺于迟，终爽绝伦之妙。能速不速，所谓淹留；因迟就迟，讵名赏会！非其心闲手敏，难以兼通者焉。 [今译]：然而书体的变化有多方面因素，表现性格情感也不一致，刚劲与柔和被乍揉为一体，又会因迟缓与疾速的迁移而分展；有的恬淡雍容，内涵筋骨；有的曲折交错，外露锋芒。观察时务求精细，摹拟时贵在相似。若摹拟不能相似，观察不能精细，分布仍然松散，间架难合规范；那就不可能表现出鱼跃泉渊般的飘逸风姿，却已听到坐井观天那种浮浅俗陋的评论。纵然是使用贬低羲之、献之的手段，和诬蔑钟繇、张芝的语言，也不能掩盖当年人们的眼睛，堵住后来学者的口舌；赏习书法的人，尤其应该慎重鉴别。有些人不懂得行笔的淹留，便片面追求劲疾；或者挥运不能迅速，又故意效法迟重。要知道，劲速的笔势，是表现超迈飘逸的关键；迟留的笔势，则具有赏心会意的情致。能速而迟，行将达到荟萃众美的境界；专溺于留，终会失去流动畅快之妙。能速不速，叫作淹留，行笔迟钝再一味追求缓慢，岂能称得上赏心会意呢！如果行笔不是心境安闲与手法娴熟，那是难以做到迟速兼施、两相适宜的。 假令众妙攸归，务存骨气；骨既存矣，而遒润加之。亦犹枝干扶疏，凌霜雪而弥劲；花叶鲜茂，与云日而相晖。如其骨力偏多，遒丽盖少，则若枯槎架险，巨石当路，虽妍媚云阙，而体质存焉。若遒丽居优，骨气将劣，譬夫芳林落蕊，空照灼而无依；兰沼漂萍，徒青翠而奚托。是知偏工易就，尽善难求。虽学宗一家，而变成多体，莫不随其性欲，便以为姿：质直者则径侹不遒；刚佷者又倔强无润；矜敛者弊于拘束；脱易者失于规矩；温柔者伤于软缓，躁勇者过于剽迫；狐疑者溺于滞涩；迟重者终于蹇钝；轻琐者淬于俗吏。斯皆独行之士，偏玩所乖。 [今译]：假若能使众妙之笔归纳具备，一定要致力于追求骨气，骨气树立，还须融合遒劲圆润的素质。这就好比枝干繁衍的树木，经过霜雪浸凌就会显得愈加坚挺；鲜艳芳茂的花叶，间与白雪红日相映，自然更加娇辉。如果字的骨力偏多，遒丽气质即少，就像枯本架设在险要处，巨石横挡在路当中；虽然缺乏妞媚，体质却还存在。如果婉丽占居优势，那么骨气就会薄弱，类同百花丛中折落的英蕊，空显芬美而毫无依托；又如湛蓝池塘飘荡的浮萍，徒有青翠而没有根基。由此可知，偏工一专较易做到，而完美尽善就难求得了。虽是宗师学习同一家书法，却会演变成多种的体貌，莫不随着本人个性与爱好，显示出各种不同的风格来：性情耿直的人，书势劲挺平直而缺遒丽；性格刚强的人，笔锋倔强峻拔而乏圆润；矜持自敛的人，用笔过于拘束；浮滑放荡的人，常常背离规矩；个性温柔的人，毛病在于绵软；脾气急躁的人，下笔则粗率急迫；生性多疑的人，则沉涵于凝滞生涩；迟缓拙重的人，最终困惑于迟钝；轻烦琐碎的人，多受文牍俗吏的影响。这些都是偏持独特的人，因固求一端，而背离规范所致。 《易》曰：“观乎天文，以察时变；观乎人文，以化成天下。”况书之为妙，近取诸身。假令运用未周，尚亏工于秘奥；而波澜之际，已浚发于灵台。必能傍通点画之情，博究始终之理，镕铸虫篆，陶均草隶。体五材之并用，仪形不极；象八音之迭起，感会无方。至若数画并施，其形各异；众点齐列，为体互乖。一点成一字之规，一字乃终篇之准。违而不犯，和而不同；留不常迟，遣不恒疾；带燥方润，将浓遂枯；泯规矩于方圆，遁钩绳之曲直；乍显乍晦，若行若藏；穷变态于毫端，合情调于纸上；无间心手，忘怀楷则；自可背羲献而无失，违钟张而尚工。譬夫绛树青琴，殊姿共艳；隋殊和璧，异质同妍。何必刻鹤图龙，竟惭真体；得鱼获兔，犹恡筌蹄。 [今译]：《易经》上说：“观看天文，可以察知自然时序的变化；了解人类社会的文化现象，可以用来教化治理天下。”何况书法的妙处，往往取法于人本身容貌的特征。假使笔法运用还不周密，其中奥秘之处也未掌握，就须经过反复实践，发掘积累经验，启动心灵意念，以指使手中之笔。学书须懂得使点画能体现情趣，全面研究起笔收锋的原理，融合虫书、篆书的奇妙，凝聚草书、隶书的韵致。体会到用五材来制作器物，塑造的形体就当然各有不同；像用八音作曲，演奏起来感受也就兴会无穷。若把数种笔画摆在一起，它们的形状多不相同；好几个点排列一块，体态也应各有区别。起首的第一点为全字的范例，开篇的第一个字是全幅准则。笔画各有伸展又不相互侵犯，结体彼此和谐又不完全一致；留笔不感到迟缓，迅笔不流于滑速；燥笔中间有湿润，浓墨中使出枯涩；不依尺规衡量能令方圆适度，弃用钩绳准则而致曲直合宜；使锋忽露而忽藏，运毫若行又若止，极尽字体形态变化于笔端，融合作者感受情调于纸上；心手相应，毫无拘束。自然可以背离羲之、献之的法则而不失误，违反钟繇、张芝的规范仍得工妙。就像绛树和青导这两位女子，容貌尽管不同，却都非常美丽；随侯之珠与和氏璧这两件宝物，形质虽异，却都极为珍贵。何必一定要去刻意画鹤描龙，使天然真体大为逊色；捞到了鱼、猎得了兔，又何必定要去吝惜捕获的器具呢！ 闻夫家有南威之容，乃可论于淑媛；有龙泉之利，然后议于断割。语过其分，实累枢机。吾尝尽思作书，谓为甚合，时称识者，辄以引示：其中巧丽，曾不留目；或有误失，翻被嗟赏。既昧所见，尤喻所闻；或以年职自高，轻致陵诮。余乃假之以湘缥，题之以古目：则贤者改观，愚夫继声，竞赏豪末之奇，罕议锋端之失；犹惠侯之好伪，似叶公之惧真。是知伯子之息流波，盖有由矣。夫蔡邕不谬赏，孙阳不妄顾者，以其玄鉴精通，故不滞于耳目也。向使奇音在爨，庸听惊其妙响；逸足伏枥，凡识知其绝群，则伯喈不足称，伯乐未可尚也。 [今译]：曾经听到过这种说法，家里有了像南威一样美貌的女子，才可以议论女人姿色；得到了龙泉宝剑，才能够试评其他宝剑的锋利。这把话说得大过分了，实际上束缚着人们阐发议论的思路。我曾用全部心思来作书，自以为写的很不错。遇到世称有见识的人，就拿出来向他请教。可是对写得精巧秀丽的，并不怎么留意；而对写得比较差的，反被赞叹不已。他们面对所见的作品，井不能分辨出其中的优劣，仅凭传闻所悉谁为名人，即装出识别的样子评说一通。有的竟以年龄大地位高，随便非议讥讽。于是我便故弄虚假，把作品用绫绢装裱好，题上古人名目。结果号称有见识者，看到后改变了看法，那些不懂书法的人也随声附和，竞相赞赏笔调奇妙，很少谈到书写的失误。就像惠侯那样喜好伪品，同叶公惧怕真龙有什么两样。于是可知，伯牙断弦不再弹奏，确是有道理的。那蔡邕（对于琴材）鉴赏无误，伯乐（对于骏马）相顾不错，原因就在于他们具有真知实学和辨别能力，并不限于寻常的耳闻目睹。假使，好的琴材被焚烧，平庸的人也能为其发出妙音而惊叹；千里马伏卧厩中，无识的人也可看出它与众马不同，那么蔡邕就不值得称赞，伯乐也勿须推崇了。 至若老姥遇题扇，初怨而后请；门生获书几，父削而子懊；知与不知也。夫士屈于不知己，而申于知己；彼不知也，曷足怪乎！故庄子曰：“朝菌不知晦朔，蟪蛄不知春秋。”老子云：“下士闻道，大笑之；不笑之则不足以为道也。岂可执冰而咎夏虫哉！” [今译]：至于王羲之为卖扇老妇题字，老妇起初是埋怨，后来又请求；一个门生获得王羲之的床几题字，竟被其父亲刮掉，使儿子懊恼不已。这说明懂书法与不懂书法，大不一样啊！再如一个文人，会在不了解自己的人那里受到委屈，又会在了解自己的人那里感到宽慰；也是因为有的人根本不懂事理，这又有什么奇怪的呢？所以庄子说：“清晨出生而日升则死的菌类，不知道一天有多长；夏生秋死的蟪蛄（俗称黑蝉），不知过一年有四季。”老子说：“无知识的人听说讲道，便会失声大笑，倘若不笑也就不足以称为道了。”怎么可以拿着冬天的冰雪，去指责夏季的虫子不知道寒冷呢！ 自汉魏已来，论书者多矣，妍蚩杂糅，条目纠纷：或重述旧章，了不殊于既往；或苟兴新说，竟无益于将来；徒使繁者弥繁，阙者仍阙。今撰为六篇，分成两卷，第其工用，名曰书谱，庶使一家后进，奉以规模；四海知音，或存观省；缄秘之旨，余无取焉。 垂拱三年写记 [今译]：自汉、魏时代以来，论述书法的人很多，好坏混杂，条目纷繁。或者重复前人观点，无新意补充以往；或者轻率另创异说，也无裨益于将来；使繁琐的更加繁琐，而缺漏的依然空白。现今我撰写了六篇，分作两卷，依次列举工用，定名为《书谱》。期待相传给后来者，作为书法艺术规则应用；还望四海知音，或可聊作参阅。将自己终生的体验缄藏秘封起来，我是不赞成的。 垂拱三年（公元六八七年）写记。 《书谱》今译： [原文]：夫自古之善书者，汉魏有钟张之绝，晋末称二王之妙。王羲之云：“顷寻诸名书，钟张信为绝伦，其徐不足观。”可谓钟张云没，而羲献继之。又云：“吾书比之钟张，钟当抗行，或谓过之。张草犹当雁行。然张精熟，池水尽墨，假令寡人耽之若此，未必谢之。”此乃推张迈钟之意也。考其专擅，虽未果于前规；摭（zhi）以兼通，故无惭于即事。 [今译]：关于古代以来，善长书法的人，在汉、魏时期，有钟繇（you）和张芝的卓绝书艺，在晋代末期是王羲之和王献之的墨品精妙。王羲之说：“我近来研究各位名家的书法，钟繇、张芝确实超群绝伦，其余的不值得观赏。”可以说，钟繇和张芝死后，王羲之、王献之继承了他们。王羲之又说：“我的书法与钟繇、张芝相比，与钟繇是不相上下，或者略超过他。对张芝的草书，可与他前后相列；因为张芝精研熟练，临池学书，把池水都能染黑了，如果我也像他那样下功夫刻苦专习，未必赶不过他。”这是推举张芝、自认超越钟繇的意思。考察王羲之父子书法的专精擅长，虽然还未完全实现前人法规，但能博采兼通各种书体，也是无愧于书法这项事业的。 评者云：“彼之四贤，古今特绝；而今不逮古，古质而今研。”夫质以代兴，妍因俗易。虽书契之作，适以记言；而淳醨一迁，质文三变，驰鹜沿革，物理常然。贵能古不乖时，今不同弊，所谓“文质彬彬。然后君子。”何必易雕宫于穴处，反玉辂于椎轮者乎！又云：“子敬之不及逸少，犹逸少之不及钟张。”意者以为评得其纲纪，而未详其始卒也。且元常专工于隶书，伯英尤精于草体，彼之二美，而逸少兼之。拟草则馀真，比真则长草，虽专工小劣，而博涉多优；总其终始，匪无乖互。 [今译]：书法评论者说：“这四位才华出众的书法大师，可称得上古今独绝。但是今人（二王）还不及古人（钟、张），古人的书法风尚质朴，今人的书法格调妍媚。”然而，质朴风尚因循时代发展而兴起，妍媚格调也随世俗变化在更易。虽然文字的创造，最初只是为了记录语言，可是随着时代发展，书风也会不断迁移，由醇厚变为淡薄，由质朴变为华丽；继承前者并有所创新，是一切事物发展的常规。书法最可贵的，在于既能继承历代传统，又不背离时代潮流；既能追求当今风尚，又不混同他人的弊俗。所谓“文采与质朴相结合，才是清雅的风度”。何必闲置着华美的宫室去住古人的洞穴，弃舍精致的宝辇而乘坐原始的牛车呢？评论者又说：“献之的书法之所以不如羲之，就像羲之的不如钟繇、张芝一样。”我认为这已评论到问题的要处，但还未能详尽说出它的始末原由。钟繇专工楷书，张芝精通草体，这两人的擅长，王羲之兼而有之。比较张芝的草体王还擅于楷书，对照钟繇的楷书王又长于草体；虽然专精一体的功夫稍差，但是王羲之能广泛涉猎、博采众优。总的看来，彼此是各有短长的。 谢安索善尺牍，而轻子敬之书。子敬尝作佳书与之，谓必存录，安辄题后答之，甚以为恨。安尝问敬：“卿书何如右军？”答云：“故当胜。”安云：“物论殊不尔。”于敬又答：“时人那得知！”敬虽权以此辞折安所鉴，自称胜父，不亦过乎！且立身扬名，事资尊显，胜母之里，曾参不入。以于敬之豪翰，绍右军之笔札，虽复粗传楷则，实恐未克箕裘。况乃假託神仙，耻崇家范，以斯成学，孰愈面墙！后羲之往都，临行题壁。子敬密拭除之，辄书易其处，私为不恶。羲之还，见乃叹曰：“吾去时真大醉也！”敬乃内惭。是知逸少之比钟张，则专博斯别；子敬之不及逸少，无或疑焉。 [今译]：谢安素来善写尺牍书，而轻视王献之的书法。献之曾经精心写了一幅字赠给谢安，不料被对方加上评语退了回来，献之对此事甚为怨恨。后来二人见面，谢安问献之：“你感觉你的字比你父亲的如何？”答道：“当然超过他。”谢安又说：“旁人的评论可不是这样啊。”献之答道：“一般人哪里懂得！”王献之虽然用这种话应付过去，但自称胜过他的父亲，这说的不是太过分了吗！况且一个人立身创业，扬名于世，应该让父母同时得到荣誉，才是一种孝道。（这里引用《孝经》一个故事）曾参见到一条称“胜母”的巷子，认为不合人情拒绝进去。人们知道，献之的笔法是继承羲之的，虽然粗略学到一些规则，其实并未把他父亲的成就全学到手。何况假托是神仙授书，耻于推崇家教，带着这种思想意识学习书艺，与面墙而观有什么区别呢！有次王羲之去京都，临行前曾在墙上题字。走后献之悄悄擦掉，题上自己的字，认为写得不错。待羲之回家来，见到后叹息道：“我临走时真是喝得大醉了。”献之这才内心感到很惭愧。由此可知，王羲之的书法与钟繇、张芝相比，只有专工和博涉的区别；而王献之根本比不上王羲之．则是毫无疑问的了。 余志学之年，留心翰墨，昧钟张之馀烈，挹羲献之前规，极虑专精，时逾二纪。有乖入木之术，无间临池之志。观夫悬针垂露之异，奔雷坠石之奇，鸿飞兽骇之资，鸾舞蛇惊之态，绝岸颓峰之势，临危据槁之形；或重若崩云，或轻如蝉翼；导之则泉注，顿之则山安；纤纤乎似初月之出天涯，落落乎犹众星之列河汉；同自然之妙，有非力运之能成；信可谓智巧兼优，心手双畅，翰不虚动，下必有由。一画之间，变起伏于锋杪；一点之内，殊衄挫于毫芒。况云积其点画，乃成其字；曾不傍窥尺犊，俯习寸阴；引班超以为辞，援项籍而自满；任笔为体，聚墨成形；心昏拟效之方，手迷挥运之理，求其妍妙，不亦谬哉！ [今译]：我少年读书时，就留心学书法，体会钟繇和张芝的作品神采，仿效羲之与献之的书写规范，又竭力思考专工精深的诀窍，转瞬过去二十多年，虽然缺乏入木三分的功力，但从未间断临池学书的志向。观察笔法中，悬计垂露似的变异，奔雷坠石般的雄奇，鸿飞兽散间的殊姿，写舞蛇惊时的体态，断崖险峰状的气势，临危据枯中的情景；有的重得像层云崩飞，有的轻得若金蝉薄翼；笔势导来如同泉水流注，顿笔直下类似山岳稳重；纤细的像新月升上天涯，疏落的若群星布列银河；精湛的书法好比大自然形成的神奇壮观，似乎进入决非人力所能成就的妙有境界。的确称得上智慧与技巧的完美结合，使心手和谐双畅；笔墨不作虚动，薄纸必有章法。在一画之中，令笔锋起伏变化；在一点之内，使毫芒顿折回旋。须知，练成优美点画，方能把字写好。如果不去专心观察字帖，刻抓紧埋头苦练；只是空论班超写的如何．对比项羽自己居然不差。放任信笔为体，随意聚墨成形；心里根本不懂摹效方法，手腕也未掌握运笔规律，还妄想写得十分美妙，岂不是极为荒谬的吗! 然君子立身，务修其本。杨雄谓：“诗赋小道，壮夫不为。”况复溺思毫厘，沦精翰墨者也！夫潜神对奕，犹标坐隐之名；乐志垂纶，尚体行藏之趣。詎若功定礼乐，妙拟神仙，犹埏埴之罔穷，与工炉而并运。好异尚奇之士；玩体势之多方；穷微测妙之夫，得推移之奥赜。著述者假其糟粕，藻鉴者挹其菁华，固义理之会归，信贤达之兼善者矣。存精寓赏，岂徒然与？ [今译]：然而君子立身，务必致力于根本的修养。扬雄则说诗赋乃为“小道”，胸有壮志的人不会只搞这一行，何况专心思考用笔，把主要精力埋没在书法中呢！对全神贯注下棋的，可标榜为一“坐隐”的美名；逍造自在垂钓者，能体会“行藏”的情趣。而这些又怎比得上书法能起宣扬礼乐的功用，并具有神仙般的妙术，如同陶工揉和瓷土塑造器皿一般变化无穷，又像工匠操作熔炉铸锻机具那样大显技艺！酷好崇异尚奇的人，能够欣赏玩味字书体态和意韵气势的多种变化；善于精研探求的人，可以从中得到潜移转换与推陈出新的幽深奥秘。撰写书论文章的人，往往择取接受前人的糟粕；真正精于鉴赏的人，方能得到内涵的精华。经义与哲理本可溶为一体，贤德和通达自然可以兼善。汲取书艺精华借以寄托赏识情致，难道能说是徒劳的吗？ 而东晋士人，互相陶淬。室于王谢之族，郗庾之伦，纵不尽其神奇，咸亦挹其风味。去之滋永，斯道愈微。方复闻疑称疑，得末行末，古今阻绝，无所质问；设有所会，缄秘已深；遂令学者茫然，莫知领要，徒见成功之美，不悟所致之由。或乃就分布于累年，向规矩而犹远，图真不悟，习草将迷。假令薄能草书，粗传隶法，则好溺偏固，自阂通规。詎知心手会归，若同源而异派；转用之术，犹共树而分条者乎？加以趁变适时，行书为要；题勒方幅，真乃居先。草不兼真，殆于专谨；真不通草，殊非翰札，真以点画为形质，使转为情性；草以点画为情性，使转为形质。草乖使转，不能成字；真亏点画，犹可记文。回互虽殊，大体相涉。故亦傍通二篆，俯贯八分，包括篇章，涵泳飞自。若毫厘不察，则胡越殊风者焉。 [今译]：东晋的文人，均互相熏陶影响。至于王、谢大族，郄、庾流派，其书法水平没有尽达神奇的地步，可也具有一定的韵致和风采。然而距离晋代越远，书法艺术就愈加衰微了。后代人听到书论，明知有疑也盲目称颂，即使得到一些皮毛亦去实践效行；由于古今隔绝，反正难作质询；某些人虽有所领悟，又往往守口忌谈，致使学书者茫然无从．不得要领，只见他人成功取美，却不明白收效的原因。有人为掌握结构分布费时多年，但距离法规仍是甚远。临摹楷书难悟其理，练习草体迷惑不测。即便能够浅薄了解草书笔法，和粗略懂得楷书法则，又往往陷于偏陋，背离法规。哪里知道，心手相通犹如同一源泉形成的各脉支流；对转折的技法，就像一颗树上分生出若干枝条。谈到应变时用，行书最为要着；对于题榜镌石，楷书当属首选。写草书不兼有楷法，容易失去规范法度；写楷书不旁通草意，那就难以称为佳品。楷书以点画组成形体，靠使转表现情感；草书用点画显露性灵，靠使转构成形体。草书用不好使转笔法，便写不成样子；楷书如欠缺点画工夫，仍可记述文辞。两种书体形态彼此不同，但其规则却是大致相通。所以，学书法还要旁通大篆、小篆，融贯汉隶，参酌章草，吸取飞白。对于这些，如果一点也不清楚，那就像北胡与南越的风俗大不相同而属于两码事的性质了。 至如钟繇隶奇，张芝草圣，此乃专精一体，以致绝伦。伯英不真，而点画狼藉；元常不草，使转纵横。自兹己降，不能兼善者，有所不逮，非专精也。虽篆隶草章，工用多变，济成厥美，各有攸宜。篆尚婉而通，隶欲精而密，草贵流而畅，章务检而便。然后凛之以风神，温之以妍润，鼓之以枯劲，和之以闲雅。故可达其情性，形其哀乐，验燥湿之殊节，千古依然；体老壮之异时，百龄俄顷，磋呼，不入其门，讵窥其奥者也！ [今译]：至于钟繇的楷书堪称奇妙，张芝的草体荣膺草圣，都是由于专精一门书体，才达到无与伦比的境地。张芝并不擅写楷书，但他的草体具有楷书点画明晰的特点；钟繇虽不以草见长，但他的楷书却有草书笔调奔放的气势。自此以后，不能兼善楷草二体的人，书法作品便达不到他们的水平，也就不能算作是真正的专精了。由于篆书、隶书、今草和章草，工巧作用各自多有变化，所以表现出的美妙也就各有特点：篆书崇尚委婉圆通，隶书须要精巧严密，今草贵在畅达奔放，章草务求简约便捷。然后以严谨的风神使其凛峻，以妍媚的姿致使其温润，以枯涩的笔调使其劲健，以安闲的态势使其和雅。这就在一定程度上，表达书者的情性，抒发着喜怒哀乐。察验用笔浓淡轻重的不同风格，从古到今都是一样的；从少壮到老年不断变化的书法意境，一生中随时可以表露出来。是啊！不入书法门径，怎能深解其中的奥妙呢？ 又一时而书，有乖有合，合则流媚，乖则雕疏，略言其由，各有其五：神怡务闲，一合也；感惠徇知，二合也；时和气润，三合也；纸墨相发，四合也；偶然欲书，五合也。心遽体留，一乖也；意违势屈，二乖也；风燥日炎，三乖也；纸墨不称，四乖也；情怠手阑，五乖也。乖合之际，优劣互差。得时不如得器，得器不如得志，若五乖同萃，思遏手蒙；五合交臻，神融笔畅。畅无不适，蒙无所从。当仁者得意忘言，罕陈其要；企学者希风叙妙，虽述犹疏。徒立其工，未敷厥旨。不揆庸昧，辄效所明；庶欲弘既往之风规，导将来之器识，除繁去滥，睹迹明心者焉。 [今译]：书家在同一个时期作书，有合与不合，也就是得势不得势、顺手不顺手的区别，这与本人当时的心情思绪、气候环境颇有关系。合则流畅隽秀，不合则凋零流落，简略说其缘由，各有五种情况：精神愉悦、事务闲静为一合；感人恩惠、酬答知己为二合；时令温和、气候宜人为三合；纸墨俱佳、相互映发为四合；偶然兴烈、灵动欲书为五合。与此相反，神不守舍、杂务缠身为一不合；违反己愿、迫于情势为二不合；烈日燥风、炎热气闷为三不合；纸墨粗糙、器不称手为四不合；神情疲惫、臂腕乏力为五不合。合与不合，书法表现优劣差别很大。天时适宜不如工具应手，得到好的工具不如舒畅的心情。如果五种不合同时聚拢，就会思路闭塞，运笔无度；如果五合一齐俱备，则能神情交融，笔调畅达。流畅时无所不适，滞留时茫然无从。有书法功底的人，常常是得其意而忘言，不愿对人讲授要领，企求学书者又每每慕名前来询其奥妙，虽能悟到一些，但多疏陋。空费精力，难中要旨。因此，我不居守个人平庸昧见，将所知的全盘贡献出来，望能光大既往的风范规则，开导后学者的知识才能，除去繁冗杂滥，使人见到论述即可心领神会了。 代有《笔阵图》七行，中画执笔三手，图貌乖舛，点画湮讹。顷见南北流传，疑是右军所制。虽则未详真伪，尚可发启童蒙。既常俗所存，不藉编录。至于诸家势评，多涉浮华，莫不外状其形，内迷其理，今之所撰，亦无取焉。若乃师宜官之高名，徒彰史牒；邯郸淳之令范，空著缣缃。暨乎崔、杜以来，萧、羊已往，代祀绵远，名氏滋繁。或藉甚不渝，人亡业显；或凭附增价，身谢道衰。加以糜蠢不传，搜秘将尽，偶逢缄赏，时亦罕窥，优劣纷纭，殆难覼缕。其有显闻当代，遗迹见存，无俟抑扬，自标先后。 [今译]：世上流传的《笔阵图》七行，中间画有三种执笔的手势，图象拙劣文字谬误。近来见在南北各地流传，推测为王羲之所作。虽然未能辨其真伪，但还可以启发初学儿童。既然为一般人收存，也就不必编录。至于以往诸家的论著，大多是华而不实，莫不从表面上描绘形态，阐述不出内涵的真理。而今我的撰述，不取这种作法。至于像师谊官虽有很高名望，但因形迹不存，只是虚载史册；邯郸淳也为一代典范，仅仅在书卷上空留其名。及至崔瑗、杜度以来，萧子云、羊欣之前，这段漫长年代，书法名家陆续增多。其中有的人，当时就负盛名，人死后书作流传下来，声望愈加荣耀；也有的人，生前凭借显赫地位被人捧高身价，死了之后，墨迹与名气也就衰落了。还有某些作品糜烂虫蛀，毁坏失传，剩下的亦被搜购秘藏将尽。偶然欣逢鉴赏时机，也只是一览而过，加之优劣混杂，难得有条不紊的鉴别。其中有的早就扬名当时，遗迹至今存在，无须高人褒贬评论，自然会分辨出优劣的了。 且六文之作，肇自轩辕；八体之兴，始于嬴政。其来尚矣，厥用斯弘。但今古不同，妍质悬隔，既非所习，又亦略诸。复有龙蛇云露之流，龟鹤花英之类，乍图真于率尔，或写瑞于当年，巧涉丹青，工亏翰墨，异夫楷式，非所详焉。代传羲之与子敬笔势论十章，文鄙理疏，意乖言拙，详其旨趣，殊非右军。且右军位重才高，调清词雅，声尘未泯，翰牍仍存。观夫致一书，陈一事，造次之际，稽古斯在；岂有贻谋令嗣，道叶义方，章则顿亏，一至于此！又云与张伯英同学，斯乃更彰虚诞。若指汉末伯英，时代全不相接；必有晋人同号，史传何其寂寥！非训非经，宜从弃择。 [今译]：关于“六书”的始作、可以上溯到轩辕时代；“八体”的兴起，自然源于秦代嬴政。由来已很久远，历史上运用广泛，已起过重大作用。因为古今时代不同，质朴的古文和妍美的今体相差悬殊，且已不再沿用，也就略去不说。还有依据龙、蛇、云、露和龟、鹤、花、草等类物状创出来的字体，只是简单描摹物象形态，或写当时的“祥瑞”，虽然笔画巧妙，但缺作书技能、又非书法规范，也就不详细论述了。社会流传的王羲之《与子敬笔势论》十章，文辞鄙陋，论理粗疏；立意乖戾，语言拙劣，详察它的旨趣，绝非王羲之的作品。且羲之德高望重，才气横溢，文章格调清新，词藻优雅，声誉依然高尚，翰牍仍存于世。看他写一封信，谈一件事，即使仓促之时，还是注重古训。岂会在传授家教于子孙时，在指导书法规范的文章中，竟然顿失章法，一至如此地步！又说，他与张芝是同学，这就更加荒诞无稽了。若指的是东汉末期的张芝，时代完全不符；那必定另有同名的东晋人，可史传上为何毫无记载。此书既非书法规范，又非经典著作，应当予以抛弃。 夫心之所达，不易尽于名言；言之所通，尚难形于纸墨。粗可仿佛其状，纲纪其辞。冀酌希夷，取会佳境。阙而末逮，请俟将来。今撰执使转用之由，以祛未悟。执谓深浅长短之类是也；使谓纵横牵掣之类是也；转谓钩环盘纡之类是也；用谓点画向背之类是也。方复会其数法，归于一途；编列众工，错综群妙，举前人之未及，启后学于成规；窥其根源，析其枝派。贵使文约理赡，迹显心通；披卷可明，下笔无滞。诡辞异说，非所详焉。 [今译]：关于心里所理解的，难于用语言表达出来；能够用语言叙说的，又不易用笔墨写到纸上。只能粗略地书其形状，陈述大致纪要。希能斟酌其中的微妙，求得领悟佳美的境界。至于未能详尽之处，只好有待将来补充了。现在叙说执、使、转、用的道理与作用，可让不了解书法的人能够领悟：执，是说指腕执笔有深浅长短一类的不同；使，是讲使锋运笔有纵横展缩一类的区别；转，是指把握使转有曲折回环一类的笔势；用，就是点画有揖让向背一类的规则。将以上各法融会贯通，复合一途；编排罗列众家特长；交错综合诸派精妙，指出前列名家不足之处，启发后学掌握正确法规；深刻探索根源，分析所属流派。尽求做到文辞简练，论理恰当，条例分明，浅显易懂；阅后即可明瞭把握，下笔顺畅无所淤滞。至于那些奇谈怪论，诡词异说，就不是本篇所要说的了。然而现在要承述的，力求对后学者有所裨益。 然今之所陈，务稗学者。但右军之书，代多称习，良可据为宗匠，取立指归。岂惟会古通今，亦乃情深调合。致使摹蹋日广，研习岁滋，先后著名，多从散落；历代孤绍，非其效与？试言其由，略陈数意：止如《乐毅论》、《黄庭经》、《东方朔画赞》、《太史箴》、《兰亭集序》、《告誓文》，斯并代俗所传，真行绝致者也。写《乐毅》则情多佛郁；书《画赞》则意涉瑰奇；《黄庭经》则怡怿虚无；《太史箴》又纵横争折；暨乎《兰亭》兴集，思逸神超，私门诫誓，情拘志惨。所谓涉乐方笑，言哀已叹。岂惟驻想流波，将贻啴嗳之奏；驰神睢涣，方思藻绘之文。虽其目击道存，尚或心迷议舛。莫不强名为体，共习分区。岂知情动形言，取会风骚之意；阳舒阴惨，本乎天地之心。既失其情，理乖其实，原夫所致，安有体哉！ [今译]：在以往书法家中，王羲之的书迹为各代人所赞誉学习，可作为效法的宗师，从中获得造就书法的方向。王羲之书法不仅通古会今，而且情趣深切，笔意和谐。以致摹拓的人一天比一天多，研习的人一年比一年多；王羲之前后的名家手迹，大都散落遗失，只有他的代代流传下来，这难道不是明证吗？试谈其中缘由，简要地叙说几点。仅以《乐毅论》《黄庭经》《东方朔画赞》《太师箴》《兰亭集序》《告誓文》等帖，均为世俗所传，是楷书和行书的最佳范本。写《乐毅论》时心情不舒畅，多有忧郁；写《东方朔画赞》时意境瑰丽，想象离奇；写《黄庭经》时精神愉悦，若入虚境；写《太师箴》时感念激荡，世情曲折；说到兰亭兴会作序时，则是胸怀奔放，情趣飘然；立誓不再出山做官，可又内心深沉，意志戚惨。正是所谓庆幸欢乐时笑声溢于言表，倾诉哀伤时叹息发自胸臆。岂非志在流波之时，始能奏起和缓的乐章；神情驰骋之际，才会思索华翰的词藻。虽然眼见即可悟出道理，内心迷乱难免议论有误。因此无不勉强分体定名，区分优劣供人临习。岂知情趣有感于激动，必然通过语言表露，抒发出与《诗经》《楚辞》同样的旨趣；阳光明媚时会觉得心怀舒畅，阴云惨暗时就感到情绪郁闷。这些部是缘于大自然的时序变化。那种违心作法，既背离书家的意愿，也与实情不相符合。从书法原本来说，哪有什么体裁呢！ 夫运用之方，虽由己出，规模所设，信属目前，差之一豪，失之千里，苟知其术，适可兼通。心不厌精，手不忘熟。若运用尽于精熟，规矩谙于胸襟，自然容与徘徊，意先笔后，潇洒流落，翰逸神飞，亦犹弘羊之心，预乎无际；庖丁之目，不见全牛。尝有好事，就吾求习，吾乃粗举纲要，随而授之，无不心悟手从，言忘意得，纵未穷于众术，断可极于所诣矣。 [今译]：对运笔的方法，虽然在于自己掌握，但是整个规模布局，确属眼前的安排要务。关键一笔仅差一毫，艺术效果就可能相去千里。如果懂得其中诀窍，便可以诸法相通了。用心不厌其精，动手不忘其熟。倘若运笔达到精熟程度，规矩便能藏解胸中，自然可以纵横自如，意先笔后，潇洒流落，笔势飘逸神飞了。像桑弘羊理财（精明干练，计划周到），心思筹措在于各方；又似庖丁宰牛（熟知骨骼，用刀利索），眼里也就没有牛了。曾有爱好书法者，向我求学，便简明举出行笔结体的要领，教授他们实用技法，因此无不心领神会，默然得到旨意了。即使还不能完全领略各家所长，但也可以达到所探索的最深造诣了。 若思通楷则，少不如老；学成规矩，老不如少。思则老而愈妙，学乃少而可勉。勉之不已，抑有三时；时然一变，极其分矣。至如初学分布，但求平正；既知平正，务追险绝，既能险绝，复归平正。初谓未及，中则过之，后乃通会，通会之际，人书俱老。仲尼云：“五十知命”、“七十从心。”故以达夷险之情，体权变之道，亦犹谋而后动，动不失宜；时然后言，言必中理矣。 [今译]：说到深入思考，领悟基本法则，青少年不如老年人；要是从头开始，学好一般规矩，老年人不如青少年。研究探索，年纪越大越能得其精妙；而临习苦学，年纪念轻愈有条件进取。勉励进取不止，须经三个时期；每个时期都会产生重要的变化，最后使书艺达到极高境地。例如初学分行布局时，主要求得字体平稳方正；既然掌握了平正的法则，重点就要力追形势的险绝；如果熟练了险绝的笔法，又须重新讲求平侧欹正的规律。初期可说还未达到平正，中期则会险绝过头，后期才能真正实现平正，书法艺术臻于老成阶段，那么人也进入老年时期。孔子说：人到五十岁才能懂得天命，到了七十岁始可随心所欲。因此只有老年方能掌握平正与险绝的情势，体会出变化的道理。所以，凡事考虑周全后再行动，才不会失当；掌握好时机再说话，才能切中实理。 是以右军之书，末年多妙，当缘思虑通审，志气和平，不激不历，而风规自远。子敬已下，莫不鼓努为力，标置成体，岂独工用不侔，亦乃神情悬隔者也。或有鄙其所作，或乃矜其所运。自矜者将穷性域，绝于诱进之途；自鄙者尚屈情涯，必有可通之理。磋乎，盖有学而不能，未有不学而能者也。考之即事，断可明焉。 [今译]：王羲之的精妙书法大多出自晚年，因这时思虑通达审慎，志气和雅平静，不偏激不凌厉，因而风范深远。自献之以后，莫不功力不足而鼓劲作势，为标新立异，另摆布成体，非但工用比不上前人，就是神采情趣也相差悬殊。有人轻视自己的墨品，有人夸耀自己的书作。喜欢自夸的人将因缺乏继续勤奋精神而断绝进取之路，认为自己不行的人总想勉励向前，定可达到成功的目标。确实这样啊，只有学而未果，哪有不学就会成功的。观察一下现实情况，即可明白这个道理。 然消息多方，性情不一，乍刚柔以合体，忽劳逸而分驱。或恬憺雍容，内涵筋骨；或折挫槎枿，外曜锋芒。察之者尚精，拟之者贵似。况拟不能似，察不能精，分布犹疏，形骸未捡；跃泉之态，未睹其妍，窥井之谈，已闻其丑。纵欲唐突羲献，诬罔钟张，安能掩当年之目，杜将来之口！慕习之辈，尤宜慎诸。至有未悟淹留，偏追劲疾；不能迅速，翻效迟重。夫劲速者，超逸之机，迟留者，赏会之致。将反其速，行臻会美之方；专溺于迟，终爽绝伦之妙。能速不速，所谓淹留；因迟就迟，讵名赏会！非其心闲手敏，难以兼通者焉。 [今译]：然而书体的变化有多方面因素，表现性格情感也不一致，刚劲与柔和被乍揉为一体，又会因迟缓与疾速的迁移而分展；有的恬淡雍容，内涵筋骨；有的曲折交错，外露锋芒。观察时务求精细，摹拟时贵在相似。若摹拟不能相似，观察不能精细，分布仍然松散，间架难合规范；那就不可能表现出鱼跃泉渊般的飘逸风姿，却已听到坐井观天那种浮浅俗陋的评论。纵然是使用贬低羲之、献之的手段，和诬蔑钟繇、张芝的语言，也不能掩盖当年人们的眼睛，堵住后来学者的口舌；赏习书法的人，尤其应该慎重鉴别。有些人不懂得行笔的淹留，便片面追求劲疾；或者挥运不能迅速，又故意效法迟重。要知道，劲速的笔势，是表现超迈飘逸的关键；迟留的笔势，则具有赏心会意的情致。能速而迟，行将达到荟萃众美的境界；专溺于留，终会失去流动畅快之妙。能速不速，叫作淹留，行笔迟钝再一味追求缓慢，岂能称得上赏心会意呢！如果行笔不是心境安闲与手法娴熟，那是难以做到迟速兼施、两相适宜的。 假令众妙攸归，务存骨气；骨既存矣，而遒润加之。亦犹枝干扶疏，凌霜雪而弥劲；花叶鲜茂，与云日而相晖。如其骨力偏多，遒丽盖少，则若枯槎架险，巨石当路，虽妍媚云阙，而体质存焉。若遒丽居优，骨气将劣，譬夫芳林落蕊，空照灼而无依；兰沼漂萍，徒青翠而奚托。是知偏工易就，尽善难求。虽学宗一家，而变成多体，莫不随其性欲，便以为姿：质直者则径侹不遒；刚佷者又倔强无润；矜敛者弊于拘束；脱易者失于规矩；温柔者伤于软缓，躁勇者过于剽迫；狐疑者溺于滞涩；迟重者终于蹇钝；轻琐者淬于俗吏。斯皆独行之士，偏玩所乖。 [今译]：假若能使众妙之笔归纳具备，一定要致力于追求骨气，骨气树立，还须融合遒劲圆润的素质。这就好比枝干繁衍的树木，经过霜雪浸凌就会显得愈加坚挺；鲜艳芳茂的花叶，间与白雪红日相映，自然更加娇辉。如果字的骨力偏多，遒丽气质即少，就像枯本架设在险要处，巨石横挡在路当中；虽然缺乏妞媚，体质却还存在。如果婉丽占居优势，那么骨气就会薄弱，类同百花丛中折落的英蕊，空显芬美而毫无依托；又如湛蓝池塘飘荡的浮萍，徒有青翠而没有根基。由此可知，偏工一专较易做到，而完美尽善就难求得了。虽是宗师学习同一家书法，却会演变成多种的体貌，莫不随着本人个性与爱好，显示出各种不同的风格来：性情耿直的人，书势劲挺平直而缺遒丽；性格刚强的人，笔锋倔强峻拔而乏圆润；矜持自敛的人，用笔过于拘束；浮滑放荡的人，常常背离规矩；个性温柔的人，毛病在于绵软；脾气急躁的人，下笔则粗率急迫；生性多疑的人，则沉涵于凝滞生涩；迟缓拙重的人，最终困惑于迟钝；轻烦琐碎的人，多受文牍俗吏的影响。这些都是偏持独特的人，因固求一端，而背离规范所致。 《易》曰：“观乎天文，以察时变；观乎人文，以化成天下。”况书之为妙，近取诸身。假令运用未周，尚亏工于秘奥；而波澜之际，已浚发于灵台。必能傍通点画之情，博究始终之理，镕铸虫篆，陶均草隶。体五材之并用，仪形不极；象八音之迭起，感会无方。至若数画并施，其形各异；众点齐列，为体互乖。一点成一字之规，一字乃终篇之准。违而不犯，和而不同；留不常迟，遣不恒疾；带燥方润，将浓遂枯；泯规矩于方圆，遁钩绳之曲直；乍显乍晦，若行若藏；穷变态于毫端，合情调于纸上；无间心手，忘怀楷则；自可背羲献而无失，违钟张而尚工。譬夫绛树青琴，殊姿共艳；隋殊和璧，异质同妍。何必刻鹤图龙，竟惭真体；得鱼获兔，犹恡筌蹄。 [今译]：《易经》上说：“观看天文，可以察知自然时序的变化；了解人类社会的文化现象，可以用来教化治理天下。”何况书法的妙处，往往取法于人本身容貌的特征。假使笔法运用还不周密，其中奥秘之处也未掌握，就须经过反复实践，发掘积累经验，启动心灵意念，以指使手中之笔。学书须懂得使点画能体现情趣，全面研究起笔收锋的原理，融合虫书、篆书的奇妙，凝聚草书、隶书的韵致。体会到用五材来制作器物，塑造的形体就当然各有不同；像用八音作曲，演奏起来感受也就兴会无穷。若把数种笔画摆在一起，它们的形状多不相同；好几个点排列一块，体态也应各有区别。起首的第一点为全字的范例，开篇的第一个字是全幅准则。笔画各有伸展又不相互侵犯，结体彼此和谐又不完全一致；留笔不感到迟缓，迅笔不流于滑速；燥笔中间有湿润，浓墨中使出枯涩；不依尺规衡量能令方圆适度，弃用钩绳准则而致曲直合宜；使锋忽露而忽藏，运毫若行又若止，极尽字体形态变化于笔端，融合作者感受情调于纸上；心手相应，毫无拘束。自然可以背离羲之、献之的法则而不失误，违反钟繇、张芝的规范仍得工妙。就像绛树和青导这两位女子，容貌尽管不同，却都非常美丽；随侯之珠与和氏璧这两件宝物，形质虽异，却都极为珍贵。何必一定要去刻意画鹤描龙，使天然真体大为逊色；捞到了鱼、猎得了兔，又何必定要去吝惜捕获的器具呢！ 闻夫家有南威之容，乃可论于淑媛；有龙泉之利，然后议于断割。语过其分，实累枢机。吾尝尽思作书，谓为甚合，时称识者，辄以引示：其中巧丽，曾不留目；或有误失，翻被嗟赏。既昧所见，尤喻所闻；或以年职自高，轻致陵诮。余乃假之以湘缥，题之以古目：则贤者改观，愚夫继声，竞赏豪末之奇，罕议锋端之失；犹惠侯之好伪，似叶公之惧真。是知伯子之息流波，盖有由矣。夫蔡邕不谬赏，孙阳不妄顾者，以其玄鉴精通，故不滞于耳目也。向使奇音在爨，庸听惊其妙响；逸足伏枥，凡识知其绝群，则伯喈不足称，伯乐未可尚也。 [今译]：曾经听到过这种说法，家里有了像南威一样美貌的女子，才可以议论女人姿色；得到了龙泉宝剑，才能够试评其他宝剑的锋利。这把话说得大过分了，实际上束缚着人们阐发议论的思路。我曾用全部心思来作书，自以为写的很不错。遇到世称有见识的人，就拿出来向他请教。可是对写得精巧秀丽的，并不怎么留意；而对写得比较差的，反被赞叹不已。他们面对所见的作品，井不能分辨出其中的优劣，仅凭传闻所悉谁为名人，即装出识别的样子评说一通。有的竟以年龄大地位高，随便非议讥讽。于是我便故弄虚假，把作品用绫绢装裱好，题上古人名目。结果号称有见识者，看到后改变了看法，那些不懂书法的人也随声附和，竞相赞赏笔调奇妙，很少谈到书写的失误。就像惠侯那样喜好伪品，同叶公惧怕真龙有什么两样。于是可知，伯牙断弦不再弹奏，确是有道理的。那蔡邕（对于琴材）鉴赏无误，伯乐（对于骏马）相顾不错，原因就在于他们具有真知实学和辨别能力，并不限于寻常的耳闻目睹。假使，好的琴材被焚烧，平庸的人也能为其发出妙音而惊叹；千里马伏卧厩中，无识的人也可看出它与众马不同，那么蔡邕就不值得称赞，伯乐也勿须推崇了。 至若老姥遇题扇，初怨而后请；门生获书几，父削而子懊；知与不知也。夫士屈于不知己，而申于知己；彼不知也，曷足怪乎！故庄子曰：“朝菌不知晦朔，蟪蛄不知春秋。”老子云：“下士闻道，大笑之；不笑之则不足以为道也。岂可执冰而咎夏虫哉！” [今译]：至于王羲之为卖扇老妇题字，老妇起初是埋怨，后来又请求；一个门生获得王羲之的床几题字，竟被其父亲刮掉，使儿子懊恼不已。这说明懂书法与不懂书法，大不一样啊！再如一个文人，会在不了解自己的人那里受到委屈，又会在了解自己的人那里感到宽慰；也是因为有的人根本不懂事理，这又有什么奇怪的呢？所以庄子说：“清晨出生而日升则死的菌类，不知道一天有多长；夏生秋死的蟪蛄（俗称黑蝉），不知过一年有四季。”老子说：“无知识的人听说讲道，便会失声大笑，倘若不笑也就不足以称为道了。”怎么可以拿着冬天的冰雪，去指责夏季的虫子不知道寒冷呢！ 自汉魏已来，论书者多矣，妍蚩杂糅，条目纠纷：或重述旧章，了不殊于既往；或苟兴新说，竟无益于将来；徒使繁者弥繁，阙者仍阙。今撰为六篇，分成两卷，第其工用，名曰书谱，庶使一家后进，奉以规模；四海知音，或存观省；缄秘之旨，余无取焉。 垂拱三年写记 [今译]：自汉、魏时代以来，论述书法的人很多，好坏混杂，条目纷繁。或者重复前人观点，无新意补充以往；或者轻率另创异说，也无裨益于将来；使繁琐的更加繁琐，而缺漏的依然空白。现今我撰写了六篇，分作两卷，依次列举工用，定名为《书谱》。期待相传给后来者，作为书法艺术规则应用；还望四海知音，或可聊作参阅。将自己终生的体验缄藏秘封起来，我是不赞成的。 垂拱三年（公元六八七年）写记。 孙过庭（？648-？703）字虔礼，吴郡（今江苏苏州）人，唐朝书法家，书学理论家。官右卫胄参军，一说官率府录事参军。工楷、行、草，师法二王。 宋米芾以为唐草得二王法者，无出其右。然也有论者如窦巫讥其书为千纸一类、一字万同者。 其籍贯有二说：一说陈留（今河南开封）人；一说富阳（今杭州西南部）人。一般均称富阳人，可是他自称吴郡（今江苏苏州）人。陈子昂为其作墓志铭，谓过庭“四十见君，遭谗慝之议。”他是唐高宗、武则天时人，官右卫胄曹参军、率府录事参军。擅长书法和书法理论，他博雅能文章，真行草书尤工。草书师法“二王”。“工于用笔，俊拔刚断”（《书断》），如“丹崖绝壑，笔势坚劲”（唐韦续《续书品》）。以草书擅名，尤妙于用笔，隽拔刚折，尚异好奇。他又善于临摹古帖，往往真赝不易分辨。唐高宗曾谓过庭小字足以迷乱羲、献，其逼真可知。陈子昂《祭率府孙录事文》说：“元常既殁，墨妙不传，君之遗翰，旷代同仙。”把孙书迹，比作魏的钟繇，可见对孙氏的书法造诣推崇备至。 孙过庭又是一位书法理论家，他著有《书谱》，深得书法之旨趣。至今流传，成为学习草书的楷范。宋高宗评述：“《书谱》匪特文词华美，且草法兼备。”可见此《书谱》不但书法浓润圆熟，而且文中有很多精辟的独到见解，可以说是书文并茂的典范。他还书有《千字文》、《景福殿赋》等。他的名迹《书谱》，墨迹本，孙过庭撰并书。书于垂拱三年（687），草书，纸本。纵27.2厘米，横898.24厘米。每纸16至18行不等，每行8至12字，共351行，3500余字。衍文70余字，“汉末伯英”下阙30字，“心不厌精”下阙30字。《书谱》在宋内府时尚有上、下二卷，下卷散失后，现传世只上卷。孙氏在数十年的书法实践中，认为汉唐以来论书者“多涉浮华，莫不外状其形，内迷其理。”因撰《书谱》一卷，于运笔评加阐述，故唐宋间亦称为《运笔论》。《书谱》真迹，流传有绪，原藏宋内府，钤有“宣和”、“政和”。宋徽宗题签。后归孙承泽，又归安岐，后归清内府，旧藏故宫博物院，现藏台湾，俗称真迹本《书谱》。有影印本出版。《书谱》是中国书学史上一篇划时代的书法论著，提出他著名的书法观：“古不乖时，今不同弊”，为书法美学理论奠定了基础。在书法艺术上的成就是与他在书法理论上的成就相统一的。孙过庭书法，上追“二王”，旁采章草，融二者为一体，并出之己意，笔笔规范，极具法度，有魏晋遗风。 著作《书谱》一卷（浙江鲍士恭家藏本） 唐孙过庭撰。窦蒙《述书赋注》曰，孙过庭字虔礼，富阳人。右卫胄曹参军。张怀瓘《书断》则云：孙虔礼字过庭，陈留人。官至率府录事参军。二人俱相距不远，而所记名字、爵里不同，殆与《旧唐书》称房乔字元龄，《新唐书》称房元龄字乔者，同一讹异？疑唐人多以字行，故各据所闻不能画一也。是书篇末自题垂拱三年，盖武后时作。《书断》谓之笔意论。然世传石刻，乃其手迹，篇中自称名曰《书谱》，则作《书谱》为是矣。过庭之书，颇为窦臮《述书赋》所诋，然自宋以来，皆推能品，不以臮言为然。张怀瓘推奖是书，亦称其深得旨趣，故操翰者奉为指南。然过庭自称，撰为六篇，分为两卷，此本乃止一篇，疑全书巳佚，传流真迹，仅存其总序之文。以前贤绪论，姑存以见一班，而仍题其全书之名耳。然微言奥义，已足见其大凡矣。 原文網址：https://kknews.cc/culture/3o4raoo.html